Izisombululo ezi-4 zokujongana neMingeni yokuTshintsha kweMpahla

Njengoko iinkampani zijonge phambili kwisiqingatha sesibini sika-2023, zijongene nokungaqiniseki koqoqosho olukhulu. Enye into abayaziyo ngokuqinisekileyo kukuba baqhubeka bejongene nenzala ephezulu kunanini na kwiminyaka eyi-15 edlulileyo ngenxa yezinga le-11 lokunyuka kwe-US Federal Reserve ukususela ekuqaleni kwe-2022. Ixabiso lenzala ephezulu lithetha ingqwalasela eyongezelelweyo ekulawuleni ukuhamba kwemali.

Abathengisi kumacandelo amaninzi sele bebandezelekile ngenxa yokuncitshiswa kwenkcitho yabathengi ukusukela oko kwaqala ukunyuka inzala. Lo mkhwa unokugqithiswa njengoko i-Fed icinga ukunyusa inzala ubuncinane ixesha elinye ngaphambi kokuphela konyaka. Kubathengisi abanamatyala aphezulu, isikhundla esiphuculweyo senkunzi yokusebenzela singundoqo wokuphila. Nakwabo banamaphepha okulinganisa aqinileyo, ukunyuka kweendleko zokuthwala ukusuka kumazinga enzala yangoku kunokuxabisa i-544 yezigidi zeedola kubo bonke abathengisi kwi-S&P 1500 Composite.

Isiqulatho
Umlinganiselo ongundoqo wokusebenza kakuhle kwenkunzi
Izisombululo zokutsala nzima kwe-inventory
I-Case studies-Yintoni le nto inokufaneleka

Umlinganiselo ongundoqo wokusebenza kakuhle kwenkunzi

Kuyo nayiphi na inkampani, kukho imilinganiselo emithathu engundoqo yokujongana nokusebenza kakuhle kwenkunzi yokusebenza: IiNtsuku zoThengiso oluNgagqwesileyo (Iiakhawunti eziFumanayo), iiNtlawulo zeeNtsuku eziNgahlawulwanga (ii-Akhawunti eziHlawulwayo), kunye ne-Inventory yeeNtsuku eziBangalelekanga. Izinto ezifunyenweyo ezingekahlawulwa azifane zibe ngumba kubathengisi, njengoko abathengi bedla ngokubhatala ngemali ezinkozo okanye ngamakhadi okuthenga ngetyala (asoloko eqokelelwa ngexesha). Abathengisi banokujongana neDays Payments Outstanding (DPO) ngendlela efanelekileyo yothethathethwano nomthengisi, kodwa le mvumelwano ihlala idala i-zero-sum proposition xa uthethathethwano ngokuchasene nabathengisi. Amava ethu abonise ukuba ithuba lokonga kwi-Days Inventory Outstanding (DIO) linokudala ixabiso elizinzileyo.

Amanye amacandelo okuthengisa afuna uluhlu lwempahla olungaphezulu kunamanye. Amanqanaba e-Inventory kwintengiso aphantsi ngokubanzi ukususela ngo-2018 kodwa aphawulwe ukusuka kunyaka ophelileyo njengoko kubonisiwe ngezantsi. Ukuthengiswa kokuphuculwa kwekhaya kubone ukwanda okukhulu ngeli xesha (malunga ne-16% ngonyaka-ngonyaka kunye ne-2% ngonyaka ukususela kwi-Q1 2018). Aba bathengisi balindele ukuhla kweentengiso kwi-2023, eya kwandisa lo mbandela.

Izisombululo zokutsala nzima kwe-inventory

Apha ngezantsi kukho izisombululo esizindulula kwiinkampani ezisokolayo kwingeniso yempahla. Ezi zisombululo ziphunyezwe ngabaxumi baka-Oliver Wyman kwixesha elidlulileyo kwaye zisekelwe kumava eengcali zethu zokuthengisa zangaphakathi.

Yongeza iNdleko yoLuhlu kwiNgxelo yoRhwebo kwaye ubandakanye kuLawulo

Oko kulinganiswayo kuyalawuleka; ngoko ke, ukubandakanya i-Net Working Capital (NWC) kunye nabaqhubi bayo kwiingxelo zokuthengisa kuya kuzisa ingqwalasela engaphezulu kwezo metrics ezivela kwishishini. Oku kunokwenziwa ngokudibanisa ezi metrics zeNWC kwiingxelo ezikhoyo okanye kwiingxelo ezizimeleyo ezijolise ngakumbi "kwinkcubeko yemali". Iimethrikhi eziphambili ekufuneka zibandakanywe zibandakanya iintsuku zoluhlu lwempahla olungekahlawulwa, ukuthwala iindleko ze-inventri, uluhlu lwempahla olusesandleni, kunye neentsuku ze-net work capital. Abalawuli baya kuthi ke baziswe ngcono ukuze bathathe amanyathelo.

Chonga iiYunithi zoGcino-mpahla oluphezulu (ii-SKUs) zeSaphulelo kunye noLungiso lweNqanaba leNkonzo

Phantse kubo bonke abathengisi, sibona ii-SKU ezithile ziqokelela uluhlu lwempahla engaphezulu. Ngokuqala ngezo, asinakuvula uloyiso olukhawulezayo kuphela kodwa sifumane nezizathu zesakhiwo ezibangela ukuba olu luhlu lwakhiwe. Kweli nqanaba, ulawulo luya kusebenza ukunciphisa i-buildup ukusuka kwii-engile ezimbini:

• Ukukhupha isitokhwe: Ulawulo lunokukhawulezisa ukuthengiswa kwestokhwe esakhiweyo ngokusebenzisa indibaniselwano yeendlela zokuthengisa (unikezelo ekujoliswe kulo) kunye notshintsho kwiingqwalasela zeplanogram (intshukumo yee-SKU ezihamba kancinci ukuya kwiindawo ezilunge ngakumbi kwivenkile).
• Lungisa ukuzaliswa kwakhona: Naziphi na ii-odolo eziphinda-phindayo zee-SKU ezikwi-inventri ephezulu kufuneka zivavanywe kwakhona ukunciphisa ubungakanani okanye ukuphindaphindwa kwee-odolo.

I-Assortment yeNqanaba lokuNcitshiswa leVenkile Ngokudibanisa

Xa ucutha i-assortment yenqanaba levenkile, kubalulekile ukuchonga abantu abagqatswa “abakhuselekileyo” ukuze bacinywe — abo apho ipesenti ephezulu yeentengiso ezilahlekileyo zemveliso ethile ziya kuhanjiswa phakathi kwezinye iimveliso “kwiqela” elinye. Kumzekelo wocazululo lokutshintsha ongezantsi, imveliso esekhohlo ineendawo ezikufutshane ezinokufunxa ipesenti enkulu yeentengiso ukuba imveliso ekuthethwa ngayo inokususwa kuluhlu. Okufanayo akunakutshiwo ngemveliso ekunene, enokuthi ibangele ilahleko ephantse iphelele kwiintengiso ukuba imveliso isusiwe kumxube we-inventri.

Izinto eziTshintshwayo zePool kumaNqanaba eNkonzo aDityanisiweyo

Uhlalutyo lokutshintsha lunokwazisa kwakhona apho iimveliso kufuneka zidityaniswe kwi-inventri yokumisela amanqanaba eenkonzo. Kwiimveliso ezitshintsheka kakhulu (njengesikhuseli selanga ngasekhohlo ngasentla), isitokhwe sokhuseleko ekwabelwana ngaso sinokubonelela zonke iimveliso ezikwelo qela, ukuze imveliso nganye ingasidingi isitokhwe sayo sokhuseleko. Ngokutshintsha ukusuka ekunikezeni inkonzo yesitokhwe sokhuseleko ukusuka kwinqanaba lemveliso nganye ukuya kwinqanaba leqela, isixa sisonke sesitokhwe sokhuseleko esisesandleni siyancitshiswa kakhulu. Umthi wesigqibo somthengi unokusetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iimveliso ezikwiqela zitshintsheka kakhulu.

I-Case studies-Yintoni le nto inokufaneleka

I-Case Study: Umthengisi oNgaphaya kwe-25 yeBhiliyoni yeedola kwiiNtengiso (50% yezinto ezinokutshabalala)

Le meko ilandelayo ibonisa indlela umthengisi omkhulu onokutshabalala akwazi ngayo ukunciphisa uluhlu lwempahla kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza komthengisi ngaxeshanye.

U-Oliver Wyman wayezibandakanye nokulungelelanisa iinkqubo zolawulo lwesixokelelwano sonikezelo kunye nolawulo. Indlela kunye namanyathelo athathiweyo abandakanya:

• Ucwangciso olusekwe kwiimfuno zoluhlu lweempahla, oluvumele umxhasi ukuba afikelele kumanqanaba eenkonzo afanelekileyo
• Isabelo esikhethekileyo se-SKUs kwiindawo zokugcina ukuphucula ukuhamba kwe-inventri - oku kuphucule ukulungela kwe-inventri yokuhanjiswa ngepesenti ye-1.4 yepesenti yezinto ezitshabalalayo kunye ne-1.3 yepesenti yeepesenti kwizinto ezingenakonakala.
• Uphononongo lwe-Assortment kunye nohlengahlengiso lwe-SKU

Ezi zenzo zivumele umxhasi ukuba afezekise ukuncitshiswa kukonke kuluhlu lwe-15% (ngokuthotywa kweendleko zizonke nge-$25.2 yezigidi), kunye ne-80% yokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo iimpahla ezingenayo. Umxhasi ke wasebenzisa ezi mpumelelo ukuthethana ngemigaqo yokuhlawula eyohlukeneyo nabanikezeli bayo, ngokwenjenjalo iphucula inkunzi yokusebenza ngendlela eyongezelelweyo (ehlawulwayo).

I-Case Study: Umthengisi oNgaphaya kwe-10 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwiiNtengiso

Le meko ilandelayo ibonisa indlela umxhasi wevenkile (ongaboliyo) aphumeze izisombululo zolawulo lwe-inventri ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. Inkampani inomxube obanzi wemveliso (zombini ezicothayo kunye nezihamba ngokukhawuleza) ezibonisa iimpawu zelizwe kunye neelebhile zabucala kunye nangaphezulu kweebhiliyoni zeedola ezili-10 kwiintengiso zonyaka. Njengenxalenye yenyathelo elibanzi lokuphucula izakhono zangaphakathi, u-Oliver Wyman wayenikwe umsebenzi wokunciphisa inkunzi yokusebenza kwishishini.

Izisombululo ezisetyenziswa ngumxhasi ukulawula ngcono uluhlu lwempahla ziquka:

• Ulawulo: Inkampani iphumeze iseti efanayo yezalathisi zokusebenza eziphambili zolawulo (KPIs), ezinike abaphathi imbono egqalisele ngakumbi yokuba uluhlu lwempahla lubambekile kwaye kufuneka luhanjiswe ngokonyuso lwentengiso nezaphulelo.
• I-assortment edityanisiweyo: Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, u-Oliver Wyman wadibanisa iimveliso zabaxumi zibe ngamaqela atshintshekayo, nto leyo eyanceda nge-SKU yohlengahlengiso (kunye nokuphelisa) kunye nokudala amanqanaba eenkonzo alawulekayo okhuseleko lwe-inventri.
• Ukubonakala kobonelelo: Umthengisi uphumeze uqikelelo olutsha kunye neenkqubo zoCwangciso lweeMpahla ezifunekayo (MRP) ukulawula ngcono ukungena kwe-inventri.

Umxhasi uye wakwazi ukunciphisa uluhlu lwayo lwempahla ngama-25% ekupheleni kweprojekthi ngelixa uphucula ukufumaneka kwe-inventri ngamanqaku epesenti ye-1.2 kwaye ukunciphisa ukuncipha kwempahla ngepesenti ezi-2 zeepesenti. Ulawulo lonikezelo olutsha oluphunyeziweyo kunye needashbhodi ze-KPI zincede umxhasi ukuba aqinisekise ukuba uphuculo olwenziweyo luzinzile.

Isiphelo: Abathengisi banoKhetho oluninzi xa kufikwa kwiNkunzi yokuSebenza

Ebusweni bokungaqiniseki okwandileyo kunye namazinga aphezulu enzala, ukuba nemali eninzi esandleni okanye ukutsalwa kancinci kwivolovolo akusoze kube yinto embi. Ukuze abathengisi bakwazi ukumelana nezi meko, kufuneka baxhotyiswe ngexabiso elaneleyo lokuhlawula amatyala kunye neenkqubo eziguqula ii-asethi ezikhoyo zibe yimali ngokukhawuleza. Ukuncitshiswa kwe-inventri kunye nokuphuculwa kwengeniso ziindlela ezinokuba neempembelelo ezinkulu kulo mmandla, kwaye kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuzifeza.

Umthombo ovela Oliver Wyman

Ukuziphendulela: Ulwazi oluchazwe ngasentla lunikezelwa ngu-Oliver Wyman ngokuzimeleyo kwe-Chovm.com. I-Chovm.com ayenzi lumelo kunye neziqinisekiso malunga nomgangatho kunye nokuthembeka komthengisi kunye neemveliso.