Uphando lwakutsha nje olwenziwe ngo-2023 Iveze utshintsho olubalulekileyo ekukhetheni ukutya eMelika, ngokutyekela okumangalisayo ekuhanjisweni kokutya kunye nokuthatha ngaphezulu kwamava okutya okuqhelekileyo. Ngokutsho kwe Uphando lokutya lwase-US, eqokelele iimpendulo kubantu abayi-1,000, i-57% yabathathi-nxaxheba bathanda iinkonzo zokuthatha. Ewe, imakethi yokuhanjiswa kokutya kwihlabathi ibone ukukhula okubonakalayo ukusukela ngo-2017, ngokuphindwe kathathu ngobukhulu kwixabiso le-150 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika ngo-2021.
Ngelixa imbonakalo ibonakala iyathembisa kwimizi-mveliso ethathiweyo kunye nokuhanjiswa kwempahla, okulindelweyo kukwazisa iingxaki malunga nolawulo lokupakishwa kwenkunkuma. Olu lwando lukhawulezileyo lunxulunyaniswa nokunyuka kwenkunkuma yokupakisha yeplastiki elahlwayo yehlabathi, nto leyo enegalelo ekwandiseni imiba yokusingqongileyo.
Qhubeka ufunda malunga nemeko yangoku yokupakishwa kweplastiki okulahlwayo kwizinto ezithathwayo, imfuno ebalulekileyo yezinye iindlela ezizinzileyo, kunye nokujongisisa ezinye iindlela ezikhoyo ezinokuthi zitshintshe ngoku.
Isiqulatho
Ikamva elimfiliba okanye eliqaqambileyo lokupakisha okulahlwayo kweplastiki yokuthatha
Kutheni ezinye iindlela zokupakisha ezilahlayo zeplastiki ezithathayo
Izinto ezithatha indawo yokupakisha izinto ezilahlwayo zeplastiki
Amava okuthatha ngeplastiki-ngaphantsi
Ikamva elimfiliba okanye eliqaqambileyo lokupakisha okulahlwayo kweplastiki yokuthatha
Uphando lwentengiso oluvela kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo lubonisa imbonakalo entle yokukhula kwemarike yehlabathi yokupakishwa kweplastiki elahlayo, enxulunyaniswa ngokuqinileyo nokukhula okukhawulezayo kwecandelo lokuhanjiswa kokutya. Ishishini lehlabathi lokuhambisa ukutya kwi-Intanethi kuqikelelwa ukuba likhule ngesantya esiqinileyo sokukhula ngonyaka (CAGR) ye-10.06% ukusuka ngo-2024 ukuya ku-2028, ekulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kubungakanani bemarike ye-US $ 1.79 yetriliyoni ngo-2028, ukusuka kwi-US $ 1.22 yetriliyoni ngo-2024.
Kwangaxeshanye, imakethi yehlabathi yeekhonteyina ezithathwayo kulindeleke ukuba ibonise ngokusondeleyo oku kuhanjiswa kokutya kwehlabathi kunye neendlela zokuthatha. Ngoqikelelo olubonisa ukunyuka ukusuka kuqikelelo luka-2023 lwe-US$ 104.8 yebhiliyoni ukuya US$ 153.2 yebhiliyoni ngo-2033, eli candelo limiselwe ukukhula okuzinzileyo kwi-CAGR ye-4.0% kwisithuba seminyaka eli-10. Kwangelo xesha linye, izikhongozelo zeplastiki kulindeleke ukuba zigcine ukukhokela kwazo kule marike, kuqikelelwa ukuba ziya kuba negalelo elongezelelweyo le-US$7.6 yeebhiliyoni kwingeniso.
Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kolu qikelelo olunethemba lwecandelo lokupakishwa kweplastiki elahlayo, iinkxalabo malunga nefuthe lokusingqongileyo kwezi zixhobo, kubandakanywa nenyaniso yokuba iiplastiki zingenakubola kwaye zingathatha amashumi eminyaka ukubola, zenza isithunzi sokungahambi kakuhle kuphuhliso lwazo lwexesha elizayo. Amanyathelo athatyathiweyo ngoorhulumente kwihlabathi jikelele ukulungisa ezi zinto zixhalabisayo zikwaqaqambisa ngakumbi ukungaqiniseki okungqonge indlela yokukhula kwayo.
Umzekelo, kwiinzame ezidibeneyo zamva nje zokuqinisa umthetho wendalo esingqongileyo, abameli abavela kumazwe angamalungu e-European Union (EU) kunye nabaqulunqi bomthetho bavumelene ngomthetho oyilwayo ekuqaleni kukaMatshi ka-2024, ngenjongo yokuncipha nge-5% yokupakishwa kwenkunkuma kwi-EU ngo-2030. ukuvalwa okubanzi kokusetyenziswa kweplastiki enye kwiindawo zokutyela eziqala kulo nyaka, njengenxalenye yeenzame ezibanzi zokunciphisa inkunkuma yokupakisha kulo lonke umanyano.
Ngamafutshane, ikamva lokupakishwa kweplastiki ezilahlwayo liphawulwa luqikelelo oluthembisayo lokukhula, oludityaniswe nokwandisa iinkonzo zokuhanjiswa kokutya kunye nemingeni yokuzinza kokusingqongileyo. Ukongezwa kwindlela entsonkothileyo yolu shishino ziintshukumo zowiso-mthetho kwingingqi ngokubanzi njengeenzame ze-EU zokunqanda ukusetyenziswa kweeplastiki ezisetyenziswa kanye kunye nokunciphisa inkunkuma yokupakisha, ukugquma ukwanda kweemarike ngokunyuka koxinzelelo lolawulo kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Kutheni ezinye iindlela zokupakisha ezilahlayo zeplastiki ezithathayo
Ukungxamiseka kokutshintsha ipakethe yeplastiki elahlayo igxininiswe zizinto ezimbini ezibalulekileyo: igalelo layo elibalulekileyo kungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo kunye nokuqiniswa kwamanyathelo omthetho ajolise ekuthinteleni ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngenxa yemicimbi yokusingqongileyo eyibangelayo.
Okokuqala, impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yenkunkuma yeplastiki inzulu kwaye ibhalwe kakuhle. Ngonyaka, isigidi seetoni zeplastiki ezisisigidi ukuya kwezimbini zingena kwiilwandlekazi zethu, zichaphazela ubomi baselwandle kunye neendawo zokuhlala zendalo. Izinto ezinjengeengxowa zeplastiki, iibhotile, izikhongozeli zokutya, izinto zokunqunqa, iikepusi, kunye neziciko ziphakathi abaxhasi abakhulu kwinkunkuma yeplastiki yolwandle ingxaki. Ezi zinto zifunyanisiweyo zigxininisa imfuneko ebalulekileyo yokuphuculwa kwezicwangciso zolawulo lwenkunkuma ukuze kuthotywe ngempumelelo ungcoliseko lweplastiki.
Ngaxeshanye, iinzame zowiso-mthetho ziyaqina ukulungisa umba wokupakishwa kwenkunkuma, kuquka iiplastiki. Ayipheleli nje ekubekeni isithintelo sokusetyenziswa kweplastiki enye kuphela, i-EU ikwamisele iithagethi ezinqwenelekayo zokubuyisela nokuhlaziya izinto ekujoliswe kuzo zokupakisha ukulwa le ngxaki. Ngokutsho kwe imimiselo ehlaziyiweyo, ngonyaka wama-2029, amazwe angaphakathi kubulungu kufuneka afezekise ukwahlulwa konyaka kunye nesantya sokuqokelela ubuncinci be-90% yeebhotile zeplastiki ezilahlwayo kunye neetoti zesiselo zesinyithi.
Le ntshukumo inokuthi ibangele imingeni kunye neenkxalabo kushishino, singasathethi ke ngefuthe elinokubakho xa eminye imimandla ithatha isigqibo sokuphumeza amanyathelo afanayo. Ukuba nokwenzeka kokuba le mimiselo iqiniswe ngakumbi yongeza ubunzima kwikamva lokupakishwa kweplastiki enokulahlwa, ngaphandle kwedatha yentengiso ethembisayo.
Ngamafutshane, ukubuyisela ipakethe yeplastiki elahlayo ibalulekile ngenxa yefuthe layo elibi lokusingqongileyo kunye nokutshintsha kwenkangeleko yolawulo ejolise ekunciphiseni ukuthembela kwiiplastiki ezisetyenziswa kanye. Ukujongana nalo mba kufuna izenzo ezomeleziweyo zolawulo lwenkunkuma, ukukhuthazwa kokurisayikilishwa, kunye nokwamkelwa kwamanyathelo owiso-mthetho agxile kuzinzo kunye nokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo. Imigudu enjalo ibalulekile ekulondolozeni inkqubo yendalo nokukhusela isijikelezi-langa esisempilweni ukwenzela izizukulwana ezizayo.
Izinto ezithatha indawo yokupakisha izinto ezilahlwayo zeplastiki
Ukulungelelaniswa kweentlobo ezintathu zezisombululo zokupakisha apha kunyuswa ngokwemiqathango yokudala kunye nobunzima obunokwenzeka bokuphunyezwa.
Ukupakishwa okurisayikilishwa ngokulula
Ukupakishwa okunokurisayikilisheka kakhulu kuneempawu ezimbalwa ezifanayo: zenziwa kwizinto zematerial enye kwaye zinokuhlelwa lula kwiindawo zokurisayikilisha. Ngale ndlela, benza ezinye iindlela ezintle zokupakishwa kweplastiki ezithathayo ezilahlwayo ngenxa yobuhlobo babo bokusingqongileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwinkqubo yokurisayikilisha.
Kuzo zonke iipakethe ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe, eyona isetyenziswa kakhulu kukuthatha okanye ukuhanjiswa kokutya ayikho enye ngaphandle kokupakishwa kwephepha, okufana noku. iibhokisi zokutya zekhadibhodi, iingxowa zamaphepha, yaye Kraft iibhokisi zokutya zephepha. Ngapha koko, ezi sele ngokwesiko ziyintandokazi yokupakisha yokuthatha kwi ipakethe yokutya okukhawulezayoikushishino.
Ukubekela bucala ingqwalaselo yendalo esingqongileyo, ukupakishwa okusekwe ephepheni ngokwenene kunika iingenelo ezicacileyo zokutya okuthathwayo kunye neenkonzo zokuhanjiswa. Ubunzima bayo kunye nendalo elahla ngokulula iyenza ibe lolona khetho lufanelekileyo lokutya okusendleleni, iphucula into elula kubathengi. Ngaphaya koko, ukupakishwa kwephepha kuyagqwesa ekulawuleni ukufuma kunye namafutha asuka kukutya okushushu, uphawu oluluncedo kakhulu ekugcineni umgangatho wokutya ngexesha lokuhamba.
Izikhongozeli zeAluminiyam ukutya kunye izitya zeglasi kwiziselo zimbini ezinye iindlela ekulula ukuzisebenzisa zokurisayikilishwa ezizisa iinzuzo ezahlukileyo kwishishini lokutya kunye nokuhanjiswa. Izikhongozeli ze-aluminiyam zibalasele ngokuqina kwazo kunye neempawu ezibalaseleyo zobushushu, ziqinisekisa ukuba ukutya kuhlala kushushu kwaye kutsha ngexesha lothutho.
Ngokulinganayo, indalo yabo ekhaphukhaphu kunye nokuchasana nokuvuza kunye nokuchitheka kubenza ukuba babe lukhetho olusebenzayo kuzo zombini iindawo zokutya kunye nabathengi. Izikhongozeli zeglasi, kwelinye icala, zinika ukucaca kunye nokugcinwa komgangatho weziselo, ziphucula amava okusela omthengi ngokugcina incasa yokuqala kunye nobushushu. Zombini izixhobo zisebenza ngokutsha, zinegalelo kuqoqosho lwesetyhula, kwaye ukomelela kwazo kuvumela ukuthuthwa okukhuselekileyo kokutya neziselo.
Ukupakishwa kwe-Eco-advantage
I-Eco-advantage packaging ibandakanya imathiriyeli eyilwe ngobunono ukunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo, nangona inokufuna uhlengahlengiso kwindlela abathengi kunye neshishini. Olu didi lubandakanya i-biodegradable takeaway packaging or iipakethe zokutya ezivundisiweyo njenge iplanga lokusika kunye neempahla zomthi.
Ngelixa amagama athi “i-biodegradable” kunye “ne-compostable” omabini enxulumene nokonakala kwezinto, adlulisela iikhonsepthi ezahlukeneyo kumxholo wolawulo lokusingqongileyo kunye nenkunkuma. Okubaluleke kakhulu, ngelixa zonke izinto ezivundisiweyo zinokonakala, ayizizo zonke izinto ezinokonakala eziphilayo ezihlangabezana nemilinganiselo engqongqo ekufuneka ithathwe njengecompostable. Ukupakishwa kweBiodegradable kuqulathe izinto ezinokubola ngokwendalo ngokusebenza kwemicroorganisms (iibhaktheriya, umngundo) emanzini, ikharbon diokside, kunye nebhayomass ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ubude benkqubo yendalo kunye neemeko, nangona kunjalo, zinokwahluka kakhulu.
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, izinto zokupakisha ezivundisiweyo ziseti ethile yezinto eziguquguqukayo ze-biodegradable eziqhekeka phantsi kweemeko ezichanekileyo zomgquba. Oku kubandakanya indawo elawulwayo kunye neemfuno ezichanekileyo zokushisa ukuququzelela inkqubo yokubola. Ngokukodwa, ukupakishwa okuvundisiweyo kubhekiselele kwizinto eziqinisekisiweyo ukuba zibole kwiinkqubo zomgquba ngaphandle kokushiya intsalela enetyhefu kunye nesantya esithelekiseka nezinye izinto ezivundisiweyo, ezifana nenkunkuma yokutya kunye nenkunkuma yeyadi. neMigangatho njenge-ASTM D6400 e-United States kunye ne-EN 13432 eYurophu yamisela iimfuno ezithile zeemveliso ezibhalwe njenge-compostable, zigxile ekuqhekekeni ngexesha elichaziweyo kunye nokuphepha kwesinyithi esinzima.
Ukwamkela ukupakishwa kwe-eco-advantage, ingakumbi iinketho ezivundisiweyo ezenziwe ngazo iiplastiki ezisekelwe kwizityalo njenge-Polylactic Acid (PLA), ephuma kwimithombo efana ne-cornstarch kunye ne-potato starch, okanye i-Polybutylene Adipate Terephthalate (PBAT), ehlala idityaniswa ne-PLA ukwenzela ukuguquguquka okuphuculweyo kwiingxowa ezivundisiweyo kunye neefilimu, kubonisa inyathelo elibalulekileyo ekusetyenzisweni okuzinzileyo. Ngokukhetha ezi ndlela zokukhetha i-eco-conscious, omabini amashishini kunye nabathengi badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni indawo engqongileyo ezinzileyo kunye nengamoshwayo.
Ukupakishwa okuluhlaza okutsha
Ukupakishwa okutsha okuzinzileyo apha kubhekiselele kwabo basebenzisa izixhobo eziphucukileyo kunye nezintsha, ekunokwenzeka ukuba zisavela emarikeni, nto leyo emele inqanaba eliphambili lokuyila kunye nemingeni enokubakho ekwamkelweyo. Olu hlobo lokupakishwa okuluhlaza lubandakanya izixhobo ezisekelwe kwizityalo ezinje ngengca yengqolowa, i-bamboo, amagqabi esundu, kunye ne-bagasse (ifayibha yeswekile), enokuthi isetyenziswe ngokuncinci okanye ingabikho ukusetyenzwa ngokuqhubekayo ukwenza izisombululo zokupakisha ezomeleleyo.
Umzekelo, i-bagasse inokubunjwa ngokuthe ngqo kwizikhongozeli ezahlukeneyo, isebenzise ukubunjwa kwayo kwe-fibrous yendalo ngaphandle kwezongezo zokwenziwa. Ngokufanayo, ukuguquguquka kwe-bamboo kuvumela ukuba icutshungulwe ibe zizitya kunye nezikhongozeli, kwaye amagqabi esundu anokubunjwa abe ziipleyiti ezilahlwayo kunye nezitya ngaphandle kokufaka iiplastiki, zonke zibandakanya undoqo wokupakishwa kwezityalo ezicocekileyo.
Ukupakishwa kwe-algal-based, kubandakanywa ukhula lwaselwandle, luhambahamba kumgca phakathi kwezinto ezisekelwe kwizityalo kunye ne-bioplastic. Ngelixa iifilimu zokhula lwaselwandle, eziqhele ukusetyenziswa njengezinto ezityiwayo zokusonga okanye iingubo zihlala zibandakanya ukusetyenzwa okuncinci, ukuzilungelelanisa ngokusondeleyo nezixhobo ezicocekileyo ezisekwe kwizityalo, uninzi lwezisombululo zokupakishwa kolwandle lwenziwa ukusetyenzwa okubalulekileyo kwi-bioplastics. Le nkqubo inokubandakanya ukuguqulwa kweekhemikhali ukuphumeza iipropati ezinqwenelekayo ezifana nokuqina kunye nokumelana nokufuma, ukwahlula kwipakethe esekelwe kwizityalo ngenxa yokwakheka kunye nokulungiswa okubandakanyekayo.
Iingenelo zokupakishwa okusekwe kwi-seaweed zidlulela ngaphaya kwezicelo ezisebenzayo, njengokufuma kunye nokumelana nobushushu okulungele uluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso zokutya. Njengomthombo ohlaziyekayo, ukhula lwaselwandle luwohloka ngokukhawuleza kuneeplastiki eziqhelekileyo, lunciphisa iimpembelelo zexesha elide lokusingqongileyo. Ngaphaya koko, ishishini lokhula lwaselwandle lonyusa uluntu oluselunxwemeni ngokunika imisebenzi ezinzileyo kunye nokukhuthaza ulwahlulo lwezityalo zaselwandle, nto leyo eyenze ukuba ibe lukhetho olusebenzayo kwinkqubela phambili yokusingqongileyo kunye nezoqoqosho.
Amakhowa (fungi) ukupakishwa, okanye ukupakishwa kwe-mycelium, kusebenza njengomnye umda kwizisombululo zokupakisha ezizinzileyo. Ezi zinto zintsha zikhuliswe kwi-mycelium yokungunda kunye nemveliso yezolimo, idala enye indlela enokubunjwa enokubunjwa kwiimilo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu, inika ukhuseleko olugqwesileyo lweemveliso ngexesha lokuhambisa. Emva kokusetyenziswa, inokwenza i-biodegrade ngokwendalo, iyenze ibe zombini ukupakishwa okunokunciphisa unyawo lokusingqongileyo kunye nomthombo omkhulu ohlaziyekayo.
Amava okuthatha ngeplastiki-ngaphantsi
Imbonakalo-mhlaba yokupakishwa kwezinto ezithathwayo iyavela ngokukhawuleza, isuka kude nokuxhomekeka kwayo kwizinto ezilahlwayo zeplastiki. Olu tshintsho luqhutywa kukunyusa inkxalabo yokusingqongileyo kwihlabathi kunye nokuphunyezwa kwemimiselo yengingqi eyenzelwe ukunciphisa inkunkuma yeplastiki. Ukukhula kwecandelo lokupakisha, ngelixa lithembisa, ngoku lixhomekeke kwisakhono salo sokuziqhelanisa nale mingeni esakhulayo kwaye samkele ezinye iindlela ezibonelela ngempembelelo ephantsi yokusingqongileyo.
Phakathi kwezona ndlela ziphambili zokufuna izisombululo zokupakisha ezizinzileyo zizixhobo ezingaphinde zisetyenziswe, njengephepha kunye ne-aluminiyam, kodwa nezo zinobuhlobo bendalo, njengezinto ezibolayo nezivundisiweyo. Olunye uhlaziyo lubonwa kuphuhliso lokupakishwa kwezityalo kunye ne-mushroom-based, ebonisa indlela yokucinga kwangaphambili kwizikhongozelo zokuthatha. Ngokudibeneyo, ukuqhubela phambili kwiinketho ezinjalo ezizinzileyo kubonisa umyalezo ocacileyo: amava okuthathwa kweplastiki angenakufikeleleka, njengoko olu tshintsho alubonakali nje utshintsho kwizinto eziphathekayo kodwa inguqu ebanzi kwimisebenzi yoshishino kunye nokulindela kwabathengi.
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