Ungazikhetha njani iibhetri zeMoto zoMbane ngo-2024

Izithuthi zombane (EV) zisinika enye indlela kunye nesisombululo samandla esizinzileyo sokuhamba, kunye Iibhetri ze-EV ziyinxalenye engundoqo yezithuthi zombane. Ngenxa yoku, imfuno yeebhetri ze-EV iyakhula kwihlabathi jikelele, kwaye oku kunika ithuba elihle kubathengisi ukuba bahlangabezane nale meko. 

Ukuze ukhethe ezona bhetri zigqwesileyo kwimarike, kubalulekile ukwazi imiba esisiseko kunye neempawu zeebhetri ze-EV kunye nezinye izinto eziphambili ekufuneka uzithathele ingqalelo xa ukhetha iibhetri. Kulapho esi sikhokelo siye sakugubungela khona-ke funda isikhokelo somthengi kwiibhetri ze-EV ezilungileyo ngo-2024!   

Isiqulatho
Yintoni ibhetri yemoto yombane?
Imiba ephambili ekufuneka iqwalaselwe xa ukhetha iibhetri ze-EV
Umgca osezantsi

Yintoni ibhetri yemoto yombane?

Iibhetri zemoto zombane zintliziyo yezithuthi zombane zanamhlanje, ezinoxanduva lokugcina nokubonelela amandla afunekayo ukunika amandla imoto. Ezi bhetri ubukhulu becala ziyi-lithium-ion ngenxa yobuninzi bamandla kunye nobomi obude. Iibhetri zeLithium-ion sebenzisa umgaqo wokuhambisa i-lithium ion phakathi kwe-anode kunye ne-cathode ngexesha lokutshaja kunye nokukhupha imijikelezo. 

Iimfuno zamandla, umthamo, kunye nemisinga yokukhupha ibhetri zizinto ezibalulekileyo ezibonisa ukusebenza kwe-EV. Ngokomzekelo, iimfuno zamandla esithuthi sombane zichaza ubuninzi kunye nokuqhubekayo okukhupha imisinga yebhetri, ifuthe ngokuthe ngqo kwisakhono sokukhawulezisa isithuthi, ukusebenza kokunyuka endulini, kunye noluhlu lokuqhuba.

Uyilo lweebhetri zeemoto zombane luqwalasela ubungakanani bomzimba kunye nendawo ekhoyo ngaphakathi kwesithuthi. Uyilo lwepakethi yebhetri kufuneka lulungele imiqobo yendawo ethile yesithuthi sombane, esinokuchaphazela ulungiselelo kunye nomthamo opheleleyo weebhetri. 

Umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla emoto yeTesla eyi-0.2 kWh ngekhilomitha nganye inokusetyenziselwa ukuqikelela umthamo webhetri ofunekayo kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo zoluhlu lokuqhuba. Ukongezelela, uluhlu lweqondo lokushisa lokusebenza kunye nokwakhiwa kweekhemikhali zebhetri zibalulekile, njengoko ezi zinto zichaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokusebenza phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo. 

Iibhetri ze-lithium-ion kunye ne-lithium iron phosphate, umzekelo, zineempawu zokusebenza ezihlukeneyo kumaqondo okushisa ahlukeneyo, ekufuneka aqwalaselwe ngokusekelwe kwindawo yokusebenza ejoliswe kuyo ye-EV.

Imiba ephambili ekufuneka iqwalaselwe xa ukhetha iibhetri ze-EV

Imfuno yoluhlu lokuqhuba

Imfuno yoluhlu lokuqhuba yenye yezona parameters zibaluleke kakhulu kwi ibhetri yemoto yombane ukhetho. Uluhlu olufunekayo luchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukhetho lwamandla ebhetri: ukuphakama komthamo, ixesha elide loluhlu lwethiyori ye-EV. 

Isitshixo kwiimfuno zoluhlu yindlela yokulinganisa umthamo webhetri kunye nobunzima obupheleleyo kunye neendleko zesithuthi. Ibhetri enomthamo ophezulu unokubonelela ngoluhlu olude.

Ukunika umzekelo olula wefuthe lemfuno yoluhlu lokuqhuba, Masithi kukho isithuthi sombane esinomthamo webhetri obekwe kwii-X kilowatt-yure (kWh). Ukuba imoto inokuhamba iikhilomitha eziyi-Y nge-kWh nganye phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo, ngoko ke ubuninzi bayo bokuhamba ngethiyori buya kuba ngu-X umphinda-phinde kaY. 

Umzekelo, ukuba imoto yombane ixhotyiswe ngebhetri ye-50-kWh kwaye inokuhamba iikhilomitha ezi-5 nge-kWh nganye, ngoko ke uluhlu oluphezulu lokuqhuba luya kuba ziikhilomitha ezingama-250.

Nangona olu balo lubonelela ngoluhlu lwethiyori, uluhlu lwangempela lokuqhuba lunokuchaphazeleka kwizinto ezininzi, ezifana nesitayela sokuqhuba, iimeko zendlela, umthwalo wesithuthi, iimeko zemozulu, njl.

Amandla ebhetri kunye nokukhupha okwangoku

battery amandla kunye nokukhupha okwangoku enye ipharamitha ephambili yeebhetri zemoto yombane (EV), kwaye zinefuthe elithe ngqo ekusebenzeni kwe-EV, ngokukodwa ukukhawuleza kunye nokusebenza kweenduli.

Amandla ebhetri abhekisa kubuninzi bamandla anokuhanjiswa yibhetri ngeyunithi yexesha, edla ngokulinganiswa ngeekilowatts (kW). Ibhetri yamandla aphezulu inokukhulula inani elikhulu lamandla ngokukhawuleza, ngaloo ndlela ibonelela ngee-EVs ngokukhawuleza okunamandla kunye nokukwazi ukukhwela induli. 

Uyilo lwe-powertrain yesithuthi sombane kunye nokudibanisa amandla ebhetri kubalulekile, njengoko ibhetri kufuneka ikwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zamandla zemoto ekusebenzeni okuphezulu.

Ukukhutshwa kwangoku ngamandla ombane kwibhetri ngexesha lokukhupha kwaye kulinganiswa ngama-amperes (A). Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zokukhutshwa kwangoku kwiibhetri: ubuninzi bokukhutshwa ngoku kunye nokukhutshwa ngokuqhubekayo. 

Ubuninzi bokukhutshwa kwangoku ngowona mbane uphezulu onokuthi ibhetri ikwazi ukuhambisa ngexesha elifutshane kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo iyadingeka ukukhawuleza okanye ukunyuka kweenduli; ukukhutshwa okuqhubekayo okwangoku kungokunje ukuba ibhetri inokuqhubeka nokuhambisa phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza.

Masithi isithuthi sombane sidinga amandla aphezulu angama-150 kW kwaye ibhetri ilinganiswe kwi-400 volts. Ngokusekelwe kwi-equation yamandla P (amandla) = V (i-voltage) x I (okwangoku), sinokubala ubuninzi obukhoyo obufunekayo: I (okwangoku) = P (amandla) / V (i-voltage) = 150 kW / 400 V = 375 A.

Oku kuthetha ukuba ibhetri kufuneka ikwazi ukubonelela ubuncinci be-375 amps yangoku ixesha elifutshane ukuhlangabezana nemfuno ephezulu yamandla emoto.

Ubushushu bokusebenza kunye nohlobo lwekhemistri yebhetri

Ukushisa okusebenzayo kunye nohlobo lwekhemistri yebhetri yenye iparameter ebalulekileyo yemoto yombane (EV) iibhetri, kwaye ingaba nefuthe elibalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwebhetri, ukhuseleko, ixesha lokuphila, kunye nokusingqongileyo apho isetyenziswe khona.

lobushushu yokusebenza

Ubushushu bokusebenza kwebhetri luluhlu lwamaqondo obushushu apho ibhetri inokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Le parameter ibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwebhetri kuba ubushushu bunokuchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kwebhetri ukutshaja, ukukhupha umthamo kunye nobomi. 

Phantsi kweemeko zobushushu obugqithisileyo, ibhetri isenokungasebenzi kakuhle kwaye isenokubonisa umngcipheko wokhuseleko. Umzekelo, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu ngokugqithisileyo anokubangela ukuba ibhetri ibeshushu, yonakalise, okanye ibangele umlilo; ngelixa amaqondo obushushu aphantsi kakhulu anokunciphisa umthamo osebenzayo kunye nokukhupha ukusebenza kwebhetri.

Uhlobo lwekhemistri yebhetri

Uhlobo lwekhemistri yebhetri lumisela iimpawu zalo ezisisiseko, kubandakanywa ubuninzi bamandla, ubunzima, iindleko, izinto eziluhlaza kunye noluhlu lweqondo lokushisa. Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zeebhetri zemoto zombane ziyi-lithium-ion (Li-Ion) kunye ne-lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) iibhetri.

Iibhetri zeLithium-ion (Li-Ion).: Ezi bhetri zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizithuthi zombane ngenxa yobuninzi bamandla kunye nobomi obude. Ngokuqhelekileyo banoluhlu olubanzi lobushushu bokusebenza, kodwa ukusebenza kunokuthotywa kumaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo. Iibhetri ze-Li-Ion zinokuba semngciphekweni wokutshisa kakhulu kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ngelixa kubushushu obuphantsi zinokubangela ukunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshaja.

Iibhetri zeLithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4).: Ezi bhetri ziyaziwa ngokugqwesa ukuzinza kwe-thermal kunye nokhuseleko. Zisebenza ngcono kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi kwaye zilungele ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezibandayo. Nangona uxinano lwamandla lungaphantsi kancinci kunolo lweebhetri ze-lithium-ion, iibhetri zeLiFePO4 zihlala ziphila ixesha elide.

Umzekelo, masithi isithuthi sombane sisebenzisa ibhetri ye-lithium-ion enomgangatho wobushushu osebenzayo ophakathi kwama-20°C ukuya kuma-60°C. Ngaphakathi kolu luhlu, ibhetri iya kusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo kwaye inikeze ukusebenza kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba isithuthi sisetyenziswa rhoqo kwiindawo ezingaphantsi kwe-20 ° C, ibhetri inokufunyanwa iyancipha ukukhupha ukukhupha kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokutshaja.

Kwelinye icala, ukuba esinye isithuthi sombane sisebenzisa ibhetri ye-lithium iron phosphate, inokusebenza kwiqondo lobushushu le--30°C ukuya kuma-55°C. Oku kuthetha ukuba ibhetri iya kugcina ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokutshaja ngokufanelekileyo nangeenyanga ezibandayo zasebusika. 

Ukuqonda amaqondo okushisa okusebenza kunye neentlobo zeekhemikhali zeebhetri ze-EV ngoko kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo. Ukukhetha uhlobo olufanelekileyo lwebhetri kunokuphucula ukuthembeka kunye nokufaneleka kwezithuthi zombane, ngakumbi xa zijongene neemeko zemozulu ezibi.

Umda wesithuba sokupakisha ibhetri

Umda wesithuba sepakethi yebhetri ubhekiselele kwesona sithuba siphezulu somzimba apho ipakethi yebhetri inokuhlala ngaphakathi kwesithuthi sombane. Esi sithuba asinqunywanga kuphela ngobukhulu bebhetri ngokwalo, kodwa sikwanqunyanyiswa kuyilo lwesithuthi, iimfuno zokhuseleko kunye nokuhlelwa kwamanye amacandelo. 

Ubungakanani kunye nokumila kwebhetri kufuneka kulungelelaniswe ngokusondeleyo kunye noyilo lwesithuthi ukuze kuqinisekiswe usetyenziso lwendawo kunye nokusebenza kwesithuthi.

battery Amandla: Izithintelo zesithuba zichaphazela ngqo umthamo opheleleyo wepakethi yebhetri. Kwindawo elinganiselweyo, ukucwangciswa kweebhetri zamandla amakhulu kunokuthintelwa, okunokubangela ukuba kubekho uluhlu oluncinci lwesithuthi sombane.

Uyilo lwemoto: Iipakethi zebhetri kufuneka zidityaniswe kuyilo lonke lwesithuthi, kubandakanywa indawo yabahambi, indawo yemithwalo kunye namanye amacandelo omatshini. Iinjineli zoyilo kufuneka zandise uyilo lwebhetri ngelixa zigcina ukusebenza kunye nobuhle besithuthi.

Umzekelo, thatha isithuthi esincinci sombane sokuya edolophini sinesithuba esilinganiselweyo esifumanekayo kwipakethi yebhetri ngenxa yoyilo lomzimba wayo. Oku kunokuthetha ukuba imodeli inokumiselwa kuphela ngebhetri encinci okanye ephakathi, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa uluhlu lwayo lokuqhuba. 

Kwelinye icala, i-SUV yombane enkulu inokubonelela ngesithuba esongezelelekileyo sebhetri enkulu ngenxa yobukhulu bomzimba wayo. Oku kwenza ukuba iSUV ibenoluhlu olude, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke ngakumbi ukuqhuba umgama omde.

Imiba eyongezelelweyo ekufuneka uyiqwalasele

Ukongeza kwezi parameters eziphambili zikhankanywe ngaphambili, kukho izinto ezininzi ezongezelelweyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha i ibhetri kwizithuthi zombane (EVs):

Isantya sokutshaja: Isantya sokutshaja sebhetri simisela ukuba i-EV inokutshajwa ngokukhawuleza kangakanani na. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kubasebenzisi abafuna ukuhamba imigama emide rhoqo, njengoko amandla okutshaja ngokukhawuleza axatyiswa kakhulu. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeebhetri kunye neeNkqubo zoLawulo lweBattery (BMS) zichaphazela kakhulu isantya sokutshaja.

Iindleko: Ixabiso lebhetri libalela inxalenye ebalulekileyo yexabiso lilonke lesithuthi sombane. Ixabiso lebhetri lichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo amaxabiso emarike kunye nezinga lokwamkelwa kwee-EVs.

Ubomi kunye nokuqina: Ubomi kunye nokuqina kwebhetri yimiba ebalulekileyo ekukhetheni ibhetri. Ukuthotywa kokusebenza kwebhetri ekuhambeni kwexesha kuchaphazela ixabiso lexesha elide kunye neendleko zokugcinwa kwe-EV.

Umgca osezantsi

Ukukhetha ilungelo ibhetri ukuba imoto yombane ibalulekile. Xa ukhetha ibhetri, qala uchonge iimfuno zakho zohambo lwemihla ngemihla kunye nomgama omde, nto leyo eya kumisela umthamo webhetri ofunekayo. Ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zemozulu yendawo yakho, khetha uhlobo olufanelekileyo lwebhetri, njenge-lithium-ion okanye i-lithium iron phosphate, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle phantsi kwamaqondo okushisa ahlukeneyo. 

Kwakhona, qwalasela ubungakanani bebhetri ukuze uqinisekise ukuba ingena kakuhle kwisithuthi sakho, ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni umthamo webhetri okanye uyilo lwesithuthi. Ukongeza, qwalasela isantya sokutshaja kwebhetri, ixabiso, ubomi, ukuqina, kunye neempawu zokhuseleko. 

Olu qwalaselo lubanzi luya kukunceda wenze ukhetho olunolwazi, uqinisekisa ukuba ibhetri ayifezekisi kuphela iimfuno zakho zokuqhuba kodwa iyangena kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwakho kunye nemigangatho yokhuseleko, ngaloo ndlela iqinisekisa ukuthembeka kunye nokhuseleko kusetyenziso lwakho lwemihla ngemihla lwe-EV.

Okokugqibela, ukuba unomdla ekuphononongeni uluhlu lweebhetri ze-EV kunye nokulandela izitshixo zazo, yiya Chovm.com.