Ungazikhetha njani ezona turbines zomoya zibalaseleyo ngo-2024

Njengoko abathengi besanda befuna amandla acocekileyo, ahlaziyekayo kusetyenziso lwendawo yokuhlala neyorhwebo, amandla omoya abe ngowona mthombo wamandla okhula ngokukhawuleza kwihlabathi. Embindini wale nto kukho iiinjini zomoya, ezisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa amandla omoya.

Ukuba ujonge ukongeza iinjuba zomoya, ekwaziwa ngokuba ziijenereyitha zamandla omoya, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela inani lemiba, kuquka indawo yesiza, ukuphuma kwamandla, kunye nesantya somoya.

Kweli nqaku, siza kujonga indlela ezisebenza ngayo iiinjini zomoya, sihlalutye imarike yeinjini yomoya yehlabathi, sijonge iintlobo zeinjini yomoya ezikhoyo, kwaye ekugqibeleni, sijonge ezinye izinto eziphambili ekufuneka uziqwalasele xa ukhetha. iinjuba zomoya ukongeza kwikhathalogu yemveliso yakho.

Isiqulatho
Zisebenza njani iiinjini zomoya?
Isishwankathelo semarike yeinjini yomoya yehlabathi
Zeziphi iintlobo zeeinjini zomoya ezikhoyo?
Izinto ezi-6 ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha i-injini yomoya
Faka umoya kwiiseyile zeshishini lakho

Zisebenza njani iiinjini zomoya?

Iiinjini zomoya ziindawo ezinde ezixhotyiswe ngeencakuba ezifana ne-propeller ezinyanzeliswa yirotha, ejikelezisa ijenereyitha yomoya ethi emva koko ivelise amandla ombane. I-rotor iqhutywa ngamandla e-aerodynamic afana nalawo afumaneka kumaphiko endiza okanye i-helicopter rotor blades.

Njengoko umoya uqukuqela kwii-rotor blades, uxinzelelo lomoya luyancipha kwelinye icala le-blade, kwaye lo mahluko kuxinzelelo lomoya olufunyenwe macala omabini e-blades yinto eyenza ukunyuswa kunye nokutsala umphumo oyimfuneko ukuze kubangele ukujikeleza kwaye, ngokulandelelana, ukuveliswa kwamandla omoya.

Isiphumo soku sebenza kweeinjini zomoya kukuveliswa kombane, ekubhekiselwa kuko "njengamandla omoya" okanye "amandla omoya."

Isishwankathelo semarike yeinjini yomoya yehlabathi

Ngokwengxelo ngu Uphando oluKhulu ngokujonga, imarike yamandla omoya yehlabathi inexabiso le-US$99.28 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2021. Ingxelo yeeprojekthi zokuba kwixesha lengqikelelo lika-2022–2030, ixabiso lemarike liyakukhula ngesantya sokukhula sonyaka esihlanganisiweyo (CAGR) se-6.5%.

Olu hlumo lulindelekileyo luqhutywa kukwanda kwemfuno yehlabathi yokutshintsha imithombo yamandla eqhelekileyo kufakwe ezo zicocekileyo nezizinzileyo. Ngelixa amandla elanga nawomoya ayegqalwa njengexabiso elikhulu kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, ukuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwephesha ngaphakathi kumacandelo kuzise izisombululo ezitsha ezithe zaseka amandla omoya kunye nelanga. iinketho iindleko-esebenzayo xa kuthelekiswa namalahle kunye negesi esanda kwakhiwa namhlanje. 

Izikhokelo zolawulo ezithandekayo kunye nezakhiwo zomgaqo-nkqubo kumazwe amaninzi nakwimimandla, kunye namalinge ehlabathi okulwa nokutshintsha kwemozulu, anjengeSivumelwano saseParis, nawo akhuthaze ukukhula kwimarike yamandla omoya. Oku bekuyinyani ngakumbi e-United States nase China, ezo zombini zibone ukufakelwa okukhulu kwi-intanethi kwihlabathi liphela. Ngokudibeneyo, ezi marike zimbini ibalelwe kwi-60% yazo zonke izongezo ezintsha elunxwemeni.

Ngokubhekiselele kulwahlulo lwengingqi, kuqikelelwa ukuba i-Asia-Pacific iya kuqhubeka iyeyona ntengiso inkulu elunxwemeni nakwi-offshore yamandla omoya.

Zeziphi iintlobo zeeinjini zomoya ezikhoyo?

Zintathu iindidi eziphambili zeeinjini zomoya ezikhoyo ngoku kwimarike. Apha ngezantsi sisishwankathelo sento nganye: 

Iiinjini zomoya ezixwesileyo (HAWTs)

Ezi ziiinjini zomoya abantu abaninzi abazibona xa igama elithi "iinjini yomoya" liphakanyiswa. Iiinjini zomoya ezithe tye-axis ngokwesiqhelo banamacangca amathathu ajikeleze irotha ejikeleza “umoya” kwiasi ethe tye, oko kukuthi, ejonge kwicala lomoya. 

Ezi turbines ziqhele ukuxhonywa kwiinqaba ezinde kwaye ziyakwazi ukubamba isantya esiphezulu somoya lo gama zithintela ukuphithizela emhlabeni. Iintsilelo, nangona kunjalo, kukuba ezi i i turbines zineendleko eziphezulu zofakelo kunye nokugcinwa kwazo, zibangele ingxolo enkulu kunye nongcoliseko olubonakalayo, kwaye zenze ubungozi obunokubakho kwiintaka namalulwane.

Iiinjini zomoya ezithe nkqo (VAWTs)

Njengoko igama libonisa, endaweni yokujikeleza i-axis ethe tye, IiVAWTs zinikwa amandla yirotor kunye neeblades ezijikeleza kwi-axis ethe nkqo. Ngokungafaniyo nee-HAWTs, ii-VAWTs zinokufakelwa kufutshane nomhlaba, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni kube lula kwaye kungabizi mali iphantsi ukufakwa nokugcinwa kwayo.

Kananjalo banengxolo encinci kunye neempembelelo ezibonakalayo kwaye zibeka ingozi esezantsi kwiintaka nezinye izilwanyana. Ezi i i turbines zifanelena kakhulu kwizicelo ezincinci okanye iindawo zasedolophini. Oko kwathiwa, kukho izinto ezingeloncedo, kwaye ezi ziquka ukukhutshwa kwamandla aphantsi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, imingeni ejikeleze ukuqala kunye nokunyathela, kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu olwenziwe kwii-rotors.

Iiinjini zomoya eziHybrid

Olu hlobo lweinjini yomoya lusenokungabi namagama afingqiweyo afana nee-HAWTs kunye nee-VAWTs, kodwa zidibanisa iimpawu zazo zombini i-horizontal-axis kunye nee-injini zomoya ezithe tye ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kunye nokuthembeka kwesizukulwana sazo somoya.

Ezinye ii-injini zomoya ezixubeneyo zixhotyiswe nge-horizontal-axis kunye neerotor ezithe nkqo-axis, ezibavumela ukuba bafumane ezona zinto zibalaseleyo zehlabathi-ukubamba zombini isantya esiphezulu nesisezantsi somoya. Ezinye ii-injini zomoya ezixubileyo ziyakwazi ukuchasana nemveliso yamandla esezantsi ye-VAWTs ngokudibanisa iiroyitha ezithe nkqo kunye ne-shrouds okanye ii-diffusers, ezinceda ukunyusa isantya somoya kunye noxinzelelo olufakwa kwiincakuba. 

Azikho ngaphandle kwemiceli mngeni yazo, nangona kunjalo, njengoko zinobunzima obuphezulu kunye nobunzima obukhulu, obukhokelela kwi-scalability esezantsi kunye ne-R&D encinci.

Izinto ezi-6 ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha i-injini yomoya

Ngoku siyiqonda kakuhle indlela iiinjini zomoya ezisebenza ngayo kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zee turbines zomoya ezikhoyo kwimarike, lixesha lokuphonononga ezona meko ziphezulu ekufuneka amashishini aziqwalasele xa efuna ukongeza iiinjini zomoya kwimveliso yawo.

1. Umthombo womoya kunye nezantya zomoya

Enye yezinto zokuqala ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngabathengisi ngumthombo womoya okhoyo kwindawo yomsebenzisi ekujoliswe kuwo. Oku kuthetha ukuqaphela i-avareji yezantya zomoya kunye nendlela, kunye nokuguquguquka kwisithuba sexesha kwiindawo ekujoliswe kuzo apho abasebenzisi baya kube besasaza iiinjini zomoya.

Kukho izixhobo ze-intanethi ezinokuthi zisetyenziselwe le njongo, kuquka i-Global Wind Atlas, ekunceda ukuba ufumane uqikelelo lwamandla omoya kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Enye indlela yokuvavanya ezi mpawu zomoya kukufakela i-anemometer kwiziza, esisixhobo esilinganisa isantya somoya kunye nendawo oya ngakuyo. 

Ukufumana ubutyebi bomoya kuya kunceda ukumisela umoya ohamba nomoya uhlobo, ubungakanani, kunye nenani eliya kufakwa kwisiza, kunye noqikelelo lwemveliso yamandla kunye nembuyekezo kutyalo-mali olulindelekileyo. 

2. Uhlobo lweinjini yomoya

Ngombono wemithombo yomoya abasebenzisi abaya kubanayo kwiindawo zabo, inyathelo elilandelayo liya kuba kukuqwalasela uhlobo lweinjini yomoya eza kufakelwa. Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, zintathu iindidi eziphambili zeeinjini zomoya: iiinjini zomoya ezithe tyaba-axis, iiinjini zomoya ezithe nkqo, kunye neeinjini zomoya ezixutyiweyo.

Ii-HAWTs ngokwesiqhelo baneziphumo eziphezulu zamandla ngenxa yofakelo lwazo olude, olubavumela ukuba babambe umoya ngezantya zomoya eziphezulu kwaye banqande isiphithiphithi sasemhlabeni. Nangona kunjalo, ngelixa zibhekwa njengezona zisebenzayo kwaye zithembekileyo, zihlala zifuna indawo eninzi kunye nokugcinwa okukhulu ukuze zisebenze. 

IiVAWTs, ezifakwe kufutshane nomhlaba, zixinene kwaye zibonelela ngokuzola kunye nokusebenza okuphantsi, kunye ne-downsides ephantsi ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokukhutshwa kwamandla. 

Ukukhetha ukuba loluphi uhlobo lweinjini yomoya enokusetyenziswa kufuneka lusekelwe kwiimfuno zemveliso yamandla yabasebenzisi kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwendawo, njengokuba ingaba iiinjini zomoya ziya kufakelwa na okanye hayi kwindawo engqongileyo yasezidolophini ezinesithuba esincinci kunye nengxolo engqongqo kunye nemithetho yongcoliseko olubonakalayo okanye kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni ezinendawo enkulu kunye nesibonelelo esikhulu semisebenzi enengxolo.

3. Ubungakanani beinjini yomoya

Ukusuka apho, kuya kufuneka uqwalasele ubungakanani be umoya ohamba nomoya iza kusetyenziswa. Ubungakanani beinjini yomoya, ngokuqinisekileyo, bumiselwa ziimfuno zamandla zabasebenzisi kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwabo kunye nemiqobo yesiza.

Iiinjini zomoya zineendidi ezintathu eziphambili ezihlelwa ngokwemveliso yazo yamandla ereyithiweyo: amancinane (ngaphantsi kwe-100 kW), medium (100–1,000 kW), kunye ezinkulu (ngaphezu kwe-1,000 kW).

Iiinjini zomoya ezincinci zifanelena kakhulu kufakelo kwindawo yokuhlala okanye ngaphandle kwegrid, njengoko amandla azo aphumayo anokujongana neemfuno zombane zekhaya elinye okanye uluntu oluncinci. Ii-injini zomoya eziphakathi zilungele ukusetyenziswa kwezorhwebo okanye kwimizi-mveliso, njengoko zikwazi ukubonelela ngombane okwaneleyo kwizakhiwo ezikhulu kunye neegridi zombane ezincinci. Iiinjini zomoya ezinkulu zezona zixhobo zinamandla, ezenzelwe ubungakanani bomsebenzi kunye negridi eqhagamshelwe izicelo ezinokondla iigridi zengingqi okanye zesizwe.

4. Ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza

Iseti elandelayo yezinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe zezi umoya ohamba nomoya iinketho ezikhoyo ngokwemigaqo yobugcisa kunye nokusebenza, kunye nendlela ezithelekisa ngayo neendleko. Izibonelelo ezilungileyo zokusetyenziswa kolu hlalutyo ziikhathalogu zeijini yomoya kunye nogcino-lwazi lwamandla omoya, njengoko zikunceda ufumane kwaye uthelekise imifuziselo yeinjini yomoya eyahlukeneyo kunye neempawu ezihambelana neendlela zomsebenzisi ekujoliswe kuzo.

Ezinye iiparamitha eziphambili ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ziquka ezi zilandelayo: 

• Isantya somoya esisikelweyo: Esona santya sincinci somoya sifunekayo ukuqalisa iturbine.
• Isantya somoya esisikiweyo: Esona santya siphezulu somoya i-injini yomoya inokumelana.
• Isantya somoya esithelekelelwayo: Isantya somoya apho i-iturbine ivelisa amandla ayo aphezulu emveliso.
• Idayamitha yeRotor: Ubude be-blade.
• Ubude be Hub: Umgama phakathi komhlaba kunye nombindi we-rotor.
• Iindleko ezisemgangathweni zamandla (LCOE): I-avareji yeendleko zokuvelisa i-kWh yombane kubomi beinjini yomoya. 

5. Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo

Eli nyathelo libalulekile ukuba liqwalaselwe njengoko linceda abasebenzisi ukuba basebenzise umoya ohamba nomoya imisebenzi eneneni ehambelana nemibono eco-friendly ukuba intshukumo yamandla ahlaziyekayo izama ukuyiqhubela phambili. Njengoko ezinye iiinjini zomoya zinokuba neziphumo ezibi kwindawo yazo, njengengxolo kunye nongcoliseko olubonakalayo, ukwenzakala kwiintaka kunye nezilwanyana zasendle, kunye nokwanda kokusetyenziswa komhlaba, kubalulekile ukulinganisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo apho iintlobo ezithile zeeinjini zomoya eziya kuba nazo kokusingqongileyo. 

Izixhobo ezikwi-Intanethi, njengeSibali seMpembelelo yokusiNgqongileyo yoMmoya, sinokusetyenziselwa ukuqikelela ngcono impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yezinto ezithile. iinjuba zomoya okanye iiprojekthi kwaye zinikeze uthelekiso kunye neminye imithombo yamandla ukuze ezona zisombululo zilungele i-eco-friendly zinokukhethwa.

6. Amaphepha-mvume kunye neemvume

Ufakelo lweinjini yomoya yimisebenzi emikhulu efuna imvume yolawulo lwasekhaya ukuba imiselwe. Akukho ncedo lokufumana i-iturbine eneyona sayizi iphezulu kunye nemveliso yamandla kuphela ukufumanisa ukuba loo turbine ayivumelekanga kwindawo yofakelo ecetywayo.

Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba uphando luyenziwa kwimimiselo yeinjini yomoya yeendawo ekujoliswe kuzo. Ukusuka apho, abasebenzisi banokufaka isicelo samaphepha-mvume kunye nolwamkelo olufunekayo ukufakela nokusebenzisa iiinjini zabo zomoya.

Iimvume kunye nolwamkelo ngokuqhelekileyo zifunwa kumasebe ocwangciso asekuhlaleni, iinkampani eziluncedo, amasebe okwakha, ii-arhente zendalo esingqongileyo, kunye nee-arhente zophapho. La maqela aya kuthi emva koko achaze imimiselo eyahlukahlukeneyo yocando, imimiselo yengxolo, iikhowudi zokwakha, iikhowudi zombane, kunye nemigangatho yokhuseleko ekuya kufuneka abasebenzisi bayithobele. Kukho abacebisi bamandla omoya abaqeqeshiweyo abakhoyo abanokunika isikhokelo ngexesha lale nkqubo.

Faka umoya kwiiseyile zeshishini lakho

Icandelo lamandla omoya lihamba ngenqanawa kwikhosi eqikelelwayo ukubona ukukhula kwiminyaka ezayo. Ukuthatha eli thuba, abathengisi bezixhobo zamandla kufuneka bongeze iiinjini zomoya kuluhlu lwabo lwempahla, njengoko beya kubona ukwanda kwemfuno phezu 2022–2030 ixesha.

Ukwazi ukuba zeziphi iiinjini zomoya onokuzongeza kwikhathalogu yemveliso yakho, kufuneka uthathele ingqalelo imiba efana nomthombo womoya, iiparamitha zentsebenzo yeinjini yomoya, kunye neempembelelo ezinokubakho zokusingqongileyo. Ukhetho lwababoneleli beinjini yomoya ongakhetha kubo, ndwendwela Chovm.com ukuhlola uluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso.