Ungazikhetha njani iiPaneli zeSolar eziSongeka ngo-2024

Imfuno yamandla elanga inyukile kule minyaka yakutsha nje njengoko amazwe kwihlabathi liphela ezabalazela ukufikelela ukuzimela kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa indawo yawo yekhabhoni. A survey oluqhutywe kumazwe e-21 kunye nodliwano-ndlebe olungaphezulu kwe-21000 lufumene ukuba amandla elanga okwangoku ngowona mthombo wamandla othandwa kakhulu, kunye ne-68% exhasa ukusetyenziswa kwayo. Iiprojekthi ze-International Energy Agency (IEA) ezifakele umthamo wombane wePV welanga iya kudlula leyo yerhasi yendalo ngo-2026 kunye namalahle ngo-2027.

Ngenxa yoko, utshintsho oluya kumandla acocekileyo luye lwandisa kakhulu imfuno yeepaneli zelanga, eziye zaxhaphaka kuphahla kunye neefama ezinkulu zelanga. Nangona kunjalo, izinto ezintsha ezitsha kwitekhnoloji yelanga ziye zakhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kwe iiphaneli zelanga ezisongekayo. Ezi paneli zePV zelanga ziyaphatheka, zibhetyebhetye, kwaye zikhaphukhaphu. Banceda ukugcina i-electronics ihlawuliswa nokuba abasebenzisi baphume intaba, basenkampini, okanye bayonwabela impelaveki elwandle.

Le bhlog ibonelela ngemibono kwimfuno ekhulayo yeepaneli zelanga ezisongekayo kunye neengcebiso zokukhetha ezi mveliso kubathengi abahlukeneyo.  

Isiqulatho
Iiphaneli zelanga ezigotywayo ezinokubakho kwimarike
Ukusetyenziswa kweephaneli zelanga ezigotywayo
Iindidi zeepaneli zelanga ezigotywayo
Iingcebiso zokukhetha iiphaneli zelanga ezisongekayo kubathengi bokugqibela
isiphelo

Iiphaneli zelanga ezigotywayo ezinokubakho kwimarike

Inani labantu abathatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yangaphandle liye landa kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Njengokuba, 55%, malunga ne-168.1 yezigidi, yabemi base-US abaneminyaka engaphezu kwe-6 iminyaka bathathe inxaxheba kumsebenzi wangaphandle ngo-2022. Ngeli xesha, kwakukho malunga 51.4 campers, nto leyo i-29.1% ukunyuka konyaka-enyakeni kwiminyaka emithathu. Le misebenzi yokuzonwabisa yangaphandle iqhubele phambili imfuno yeepaneli zelanga ezisongekayo ngenxa yokuphatheka kwazo kunye nendalo ekhaphukhaphu. Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kwabo kwizithuthi zokuzonwabisa ezisetyenziswa ngabahambi kunye nanjengoko ukugcinwa kwamandla okulungelelaniswa kongxamiseko kube negalelo ekukhuleni kwemarike.

Imfuno eyongeziweyo yeepaneli zelanga ezigotywayo bungqinwa ekukhuleni okurekhodiweyo kwemarike yephaneli yelanga ephathekayo, ebixatyiswa I-US $ 3.5 yezigidigidi ngo-2023. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ifikelele kwi-US$ 13.1 yebhiliyoni ngo-2033, ikhula kwi-CAGR ye-14.1%. Nangona eli xabiso lentengiso libandakanya ezinye iipaneli zelanga eziphathwayo, kubandakanya oobhaka abaxhotyiswe ngetekhnoloji yelanga, kunye neepaneli zelanga ezincinci eziphathwayo kunye ne-semi-portable, iipaneli zelanga ezigotywayo zenza eyona marike iphezulu ngenxa yokuguquguquka kunye nokusebenza kwazo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, i-Fact.MR yafumanisa ukuba i-monocrystalline solar panels, uhlobo lwepaneli esongelayo, i-akhawunti 70% yesabelo semarike sisonke seepaneli zesola eziphathwayo.

Ukusetyenziswa kweephaneli zelanga ezigotywayo

Iipaneli zelanga ezigobekayo zingasetyenziswa kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa

• Imisebenzi yangaphandle, efana nokukhempisha kunye nokuhamba intaba 
• Inokufakwa kwizithuthi zokuzonwabisa (RVs) ukunika amandla awoneleyo okusetyenziswa ebusuku okanye xa uhamba ngaphandle kwegrid
• Iiphaneli zelanga ezisongekayo ezineejekhi enye okanye ezininzi zinokusetyenziselwa ukubiza izixhobo ezahlukeneyo, ezinjengeefowuni kunye neelaptops.
• Ingasetyenziselwa ukunika amandla izixhobo ezincinci zasekhaya, ezinje ngeefeni, izibane ze-LED, kunye nezithethi eziphathwayo, ngexesha lokumka kombane. 
• Iipaneli zelanga ezigotywayo zingasetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngombane ngexesha leentlekele zendalo.

Iindidi zeepaneli zelanga ezigotywayo

Iiphaneli zelanga ezisongekayo ziza kwiindidi ezintathu: i-polycrystalline, i-monocrystalline, kunye nefilimu encinci. Ukuziqonda kunokunceda amashishini enze izigqibo ezinolwazi kwaye akhulise ukhuphiswano lwawo. 

Imonocrystalline

Iiphaneli zelanga ze-Monocrystalline ziquka iiseli zelanga ze-monocrystalline, ezibhekiselele kwii-cylindrical ingots ze-silicon ezikhule ukusuka kwi-silicon enye-crystal. Kule meko, iseli nganye sisilayi sekristale enye yesilicon ekhuliswe ngokukodwa ukwenza iipaneli zelanga. I-ingot inqunyulwe kwiidiski ezicekethekileyo ezinemiphetho esikiweyo eyenza iimilo ze-octagonal ezicwangciswe ngokulandelelana ukwenza ipaneli yelanga.

Iiphaneli zelanga zeMonocrystalline zenziwe malunga I-US $ 6.04 yezigidigidi ngo-2023, kunye neentengiso zabo kuqikelelwa ukuba zifikelele kwi-12.60 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2032, zikhula kwi-CAGR ye-8.5%. Ezi paneli zelanga zezinye zezona zikhetho zidumileyo kwizicelo zokuhlala kunye nezorhwebo ngenxa yeenzuzo zazo ezahlukeneyo kunye neempawu, kubandakanya:

• Ukucoceka okuphezulu
• I-compact, isakhiwo esilula
• Imbonakalo emnyama efanayo
• Ukusebenza kokuguqulwa kwamandla aphezulu 
• Ukunyamezela ubushushu obungcono

Nangona kunjalo, nabo baneengxaki ezahlukeneyo, kuquka:

• Iindlela zemveliso ezizinzileyo 
• eninzi 

Polycrystalline

Iiphaneli zelanga zePolycrystalline zineekristale ezininzi zesilicon kwiseli enye yePV. Abavelisi banyibilika kunye amaqhekeza aliqela esilicon ukwenza iiwafers ze iiphaneli zelanga ze-polycrystalline. Iikristale zesilicon kwiseli nganye ziyenza ikwazi ukusebenza njengesixhobo sesemiconductor, ngaloo ndlela ifunxa ukukhanya kwelanga ize iyiguqule ibe ngamandla ombane. 

Imarike yeepaneli zelanga ye-polycrystalline yayixabiswa I-US $ 3.31 yezigidigidi ngo-2023, kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba ifikelele kwi-US$ 6.18 ngo-2032, ikhula kwi-CAGR ye-7.20%. Oku kukhula kwemarike kunokunxulunyaniswa neempawu zabo ezahlukeneyo kunye neenzuzo, kubandakanya:

• Isakhelo sabo sokwakheka senza ukukhwela kube lula
• Ixabiso eliphantsi kuneepaneli zelanga ze-monocrystalline
• Yiba nenkangeleko eyodwa eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye enamachokoza
• Ubomi obunokuthelekiswa nobo bephaneli zesola ze-monocrystalline kodwa zifikeleleka ngakumbi 

Bakwanazo nezinto ezingalunganga ezahlukeneyo ekufuneka bazijonge, kubandakanya:

• Ukusebenza kokuguqulwa kwamandla aphantsi ngenxa yokuhlambuluka kwe-silicon ephantsi
• Ukonakaliswa lula xa evezwe kumaqondo aphezulu ngenxa yokunyamezela ubushushu obuphantsi
• Kuthatha indawo enkulu ukuvelisa amandla ombane afanayo njenge-monocrystalline 

Iiphaneli ze-Amorphous okanye ezincinci zefilimu

Iiphaneli ze-amorphous okanye ezibhityileyo zincinci, iiphaneli zelanga eziguquguqukayo ezinemvakalelo kunye nokumila komcu werabha. Zakhiwe kusetyenziswa umaleko we-silicon obhityileyo kakhulu, obekwe phezu kwe-substrate efana nentsimbi, iplastiki okanye iglasi. Ngokungafaniyo neepaneli zelanga zemveli ezisebenzisa uqhagamshelo lomatshini kwiiseli, iiseli zelanga ze-amorphous zidityanisiwe zisebenzisa iipateni zokusika i-laser. Le nkqubo yokudala iqinisekisa ukuba zikhaphukhaphu kwaye ziyagobeka.

Imarike yehlabathi yeepaneli zelanga ezicwecwe-filim ezincinci zaxatyiswa I-US $ 5.3 yezigidigidi kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba iya kufikelela kwi-11.2 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2028, ikhula kwi-CAGR ye-16%. Izinto ezahlukeneyo ziya kukhawulezisa imfuno ye iiphaneli zefilimu encinci, kubandakanywa nokwamkelwa okwandisiweyo kwezicelo zokuhlala kunye namanyathelo karhulumente abhekiselele kwiiseli zesola zefilimu ezincinci. Ngaphandle koko, ezi paneli zelanga zineempawu ezahlukileyo kunye neenzuzo ezibhenela kumacandelo ahlukeneyo abathengi behlabathi, kubandakanya:

• I-Flexible, ibenza ukuba balungele iimeko zofakelo ezizodwa ezifana neendawo ezigobileyo okanye izithuba ezincinci
• Funa i-silicon encinci ukuvelisa, ibenze bazinze ngakumbi 
• Ixabiso eliphantsi ngenxa yezinto ezincitshisiweyo kunye nokulula kokufakela

Ububi babo ekufuneka bujongwe bubandakanya:

• Ukusebenza ngaphantsi kwe-monocrystalline okanye i-polycrystalline panels zelanga
• Funa indawo engaphezulu yophahla ukuze kuphunyezwe amandla amaninzi njenge-monocrystalline kunye neepaneli ze-polycrystalline

Iingcebiso zokukhetha iiphaneli zelanga ezisongekayo kubathengi bokugqibela

Ukuphelisa abathengi beepaneli zelanga ezisongekayo ukusuka kubantu abathanda ngaphandle ukuya kubanini-zindlu, abahambi kunye nababoneleli benkonzo kaxakeka. Aba bathengi bakwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwihlabathi liphela. Uqoqosho oluphuhlayo kwingingqi yeAsia Pacific, njengeTshayina, iJapan, iIndiya, kunye noMzantsi Korea, kuqikelelwa ukuba iimarike eziphambili kwiiphaneli zelanga ezisongekayo. Amanye amazwe anemfuno ephezulu yezi paneli zelanga abandakanya iCanada, iJamani, i-UK, iSweden, kunye neFrance.

Amashishini kufuneka aqonde la macandelo ahlukeneyo abathengi ukuze bajolise ngcono kunye nokubeka indawo yabo. Ezinye izinto ekufuneka uziqwalasele xa ugcina iipaneli zelanga ezisongekayo kubathengi abahlukeneyo bokuphela ziquka:  

Iimpawu zokungena manzi

Uninzi lweepaneli zelanga zenzelwe ukusetyenziswa ngaphandle, oko kwandisa ukuvezwa kwezinto, ezifana namanzi, uthuli kunye nokungcola. Ukujonga iipaneli ze-IPXX ezingangeni manzi kunceda ukumisela amandla azo okuxhathisa imozulu. I-Ingress Protection (IP) rating imelwe ngamanani amabini. Umzekelo, iiphaneli ezininzi zelanga zilinganiswe IP67 okanye IP68. Inani lokuqala limele ukhuseleko lwephaneli kumasuntswana aqinileyo, ngelixa inani lesibini limele ukhuseleko kulwelo. Iiphaneli zesola ezisongekayo ezinamanani aphezulu e-IP zinokhuseleko olungcono kwizinto zemozulu.

The IKomishini ye-Electrotechnical International (IEC) ibonelela ngemigangatho jikelele njengoko kubonisiwe kwisikhokelo somlinganiselo we-IP ongezantsi.

Ukusebenza kakuhle

Ukusebenza kakuhle kwephaneli yelanga esongelayo kubhekiselele ekukwazini kwayo ukuguqula ukukhanya kube ngamandla ombane asebenzisekayo. Abathengi bajonga iiphaneli zelanga ezenza amandla awoneleyo okuhlawula ii-elektroniki zabo. Ke ngoko, kuyacetyiswa ukuba amashishini akhethe iiphaneli zelanga ezisongekayo ezinemilinganiselo ephezulu yokusebenza kunye namandla okuhlangabezana neemfuno zabathengi. 

Ubukhulu kunye nesisindo

Ubungakanani kunye nobunzima beepaneli zelanga ezisongekayo bumisela ukuphatheka kwazo. Ke ngoko, iipaneli ezixineneyo kunye nezikhaphukhaphu zibalulekile kubasebenzisi abafuna umthombo wamandla ofanelekileyo nonokuthuthwa ngokulula. Zikwalawuleka ngakumbi ngexesha lokuhamba. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iipaneli zelanga eziphezulu zamanzi ezinamandla okunika amandla ngakumbi i-elektroniki zinokuba nzima kwaye zibe nkulu. Ezi mpawu zibenza balungele abasebenzisi abahamba ngemoto, njengezithuthi zokuzonwabisa.

ukuhlala ixesha elide

Iiphaneli zelanga ezisongekayo zinokuchanabeka kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo, njengemvula, ukukhanya kwelanga, nothuli. Ke ngoko, amashishini kufuneka akhethe iipaneli ezinolwakhiwo olomeleleyo kunye nezixhobo ezinokumelana nezi zinto ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubomi obude kunye nokuthembeka. Iipaneli ezizinzileyo zixhotyiswe ngcono ukuba zikwazi ukujongana nokuxhatshazwa kokusetyenziswa kwangaphandle, ukubonelela abathengi ngesisombululo samandla esinamandla kunye nexesha elide.

Ukuhlawula kunye nokuqhuba ixesha

Kukho amaxesha ahlukeneyo okuqwalaselwa xa ukhetha iiphaneli zelanga ezisongekayo. Ngokomzekelo, amashishini kufuneka aqwalasele ixesha elithathayo ukuze iiphaneli zelanga ziguqule ukukhanya kwelanga zibe ngamandla ombane zize ziwugcine kwiibhetri ezakhelwe ngaphakathi okanye ixesha elithathwayo ukutshaja izixhobo eziqhagamshelweyo. Ukongeza, kufuneka baqwalasele ukuba kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukubonelela ngokuhamba okuqhubekayo kwamandla ngaphambi kokuba kuphele. Ekugqibeleni, ukhetho olukhethiweyo   

isiphelo

Utshintsho oluqhubekayo lwehlabathi ukuya kumandla acocekileyo lonyuse imfuno yeepaneli zelanga ezigotywayo. Oku kudale amathuba okuba amashishini akwicandelo lezamandla axhathise kwaye anyuse ingeniso, ukusebenza, kunye nokhuphiswano. Ngenxa yokuba abathengi abahlukeneyo baneemfuno zamandla ezahlukeneyo, amashishini kufuneka abe nekhathalogu ebanzi ukulungiselela iimfuno zabathengi abaninzi. Kule meko, ukugcina zonke iintlobo ezintathu zokusongeka iiphaneli zesola, i-monocrystalline, i-polycrystalline, kunye ne-amorphous, inceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba bakhonza abathengi bokugqibela abahlukeneyo, ngaloo ndlela baphucula ukusebenza kweshishini.

Ndwendwela i-Chovm.com namhlanje ngoluhlu olubanzi lweepaneli zelanga ezisongekayo ezihlangabezana neshishini lakho kunye neemfuno zabathengi.