Indlela yokwenza ubungakanani kwaye ukhethe esona siguquli seSolar ngaphandle kwegridi

Uninzi lwezindlu ezisebenza ngamandla elanga zinegridi ebotshelelwe kwisixokelelwano selanga. Nangona kunjalo, iinkqubo zelanga ezingaphandle kwegridi ziye zaziwa ngakumbi ngenxa yokwanda kokuzimela kwamandla anikezela ngabasebenzisi. Isixhobo esiphambili esihambelana nezi nkqubo yi-off-grid solar inverter.

Kweli nqaku, siza kuhlolisisa indlela i-off-grid inverters zelanga sebenza ngokuthelekisa nee-inverters ezisetyenziselwa i-hybrid on-grid systems. Eli nqaku liza kuhlalutya imakethi yesolar engaphandle kwegridi yehlabathi, ijonga ubungakanani bentengiso yangoku, abaqhubi abaphambili bentengiso, kunye nokukhula okuqikelelweyo. Iya kuthi ke ibonelele ngesikhokelo sokuthenga esinemiba ephambili ekufuneka iqwalaselwe xa ukhetha eyona inverter yelanga ngaphandle kwegridi.

Isiqulatho
Zisebenza njani iziguquli zelanga ezingaphandle kwegridi?
Isishwankathelo semarike yelanga engaphandle kwegrid yehlabathi
Izinto ezi-5 ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha eyona inverter yelanga engaphandle kwegridi
Khetha eyona inverter yelanga ngaphandle kwegridi

Zisebenza njani iziguquli zelanga ezingaphandle kwegridi?

Iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze iinkqubo ezisebenza ngelanga zezo ziqhagamshelwe kwigridi (i-hybrid okanye kwi-grid) kunye nezo ziqhawulwe kwigridi (ngaphandle kwegridi). Ngelixa bobabini besebenzisa amandla afanayo omthombo wamandla aqokelelwe elangeni ngeepaneli zelanga, bagcina kwaye basebenzise amandla agqithisileyo ngokwahlukileyo.

Ngenkqubo yesolar edibeneyo, umbane ogqithisileyo uthunyelwa kwigridi yamandla, ngelixa abaguquli be-solar off-grid basebenzisa iibhanki zebhetri ezigcina amandla elanga e-DC afakwe kuzo ngeepaneli zelanga ezingaphandle kwegridi. Loo mandla ke ngoko aguqulwa ngesiguquli sibe kumandla e-AC asetyenziselwa ukukhanyisa izixhobo zasekhaya.

Iinkqubo zelanga ezingaphandle kwegridi zintsonkothe ​​kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo ezixubeneyo njengoko zifuna amacandelo awongezelelekileyo anje ngeemonitha zebhetri, izilawuli zentlawulo, kunye ne-DC kunye ne-AC zezaphuli zesekethe.

Isishwankathelo semarike yelanga engaphandle kwegrid yehlabathi

Ingxelo yoPhando lweMarike yeVantage ka-2022 bonisa oko Imarike yesolar inverter yehlabathi ngokubanzi kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwixabiso lemarike ye-US$ 12.93 yebhiliyoni ekupheleni kuka-2028. Imarike kulindeleke ukuba ikhule ngesantya sokukhula sonyaka esihlanganisiweyo (CAGR) se-8.5% ukusuka kwixabiso layo lemarike lika-2021 le-7.92 yezigidigidi zeedola.

Xa kuziwa kwimarike yelanga engaphandle kwegrid ngokukodwa, I-Vantage iqikelela ukukhula kwimakethi kwi-CAGR ye-11%, imakethi ikhula ukusuka kwixabiso le-2.8 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2020 ukuya kwi-6.45 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2028.

Ingxaki yamandla ezayo, amaxabiso e-oyile ahla enyukayo, kunye nokunyuka kwezivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe ezikhuthaza izikimu zophuhliso oluzinzileyo zithathwa njengezona zinto ziphambili ekukhuleni phakathi kwemarike yeziguquli zamandla elanga.

Izinto ezi-5 ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha eyona inverter yelanga engaphandle kwegridi

1. Imveliso yombane

Enye yezinto zokuqala ekufuneka uziqwalasele xa ukhetha i i-off-grid solar inverter imisela iimfuno zomthwalo. Oku kudla ngokufana nombane oqhelekileyo wobonelelo okanye umthamo wombane omiselweyo wendawo ethile.

Ukwenza uhlalutyo lomthwalo kunceda abathengisi bafumanise ukuba yeyiphi i-voltages abathengi babo abaya kuyifuna. I-voltage ye-output yaseYurophu kunye ne-Afrika yi-240V, ngelixa i-120V e-US. Uninzi lwezicelo zokuhlala zifuna i-110/220 VAC, eyimfuno yombane kwimithwalo yendlu ye-AC.

Ukufumana amandla ombane aphezulu, abasebenzisi banokusebenzisa "i-inverter stacking," ebandakanya ukusebenzisa ii-inverters ezininzi kuthotho. Logama nje ilanga abaguquli ezisetyenzisiweyo ziyahambelana, umsebenzisi wendawo yokuhlala uya kukwazi ukudibanisa ii-inverters ze-VAC ezimbini ukuphinda kabini i-voltage yemveliso kwi-120 VAC.

2. Uluhlu lwamandla

Inqaku elilandelayo ekufuneka liqwalaselwe xa ukhetha eyona ilungileyo i-off-grid solar inverter luluhlu lwamandla oluza nalo i-inverter. Ekugqibeleni, izixhobo ezikhethiweyo kufuneka zikwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zamandla omsebenzisi okanye ziphethe umthwalo wazo.

Apha ngezantsi kukho uluhlu lweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuguqula amandla kunye nezicelo zazo eziqhelekileyo:

• 1–2 kW: ITV, ifriji, ifowuni, ikhabhathi encinci enezibane
• 2–4 kW: Amakhaya amancinci angawonga amandla, iikhabhini ezinkulu
• 4–8 kW: Uninzi lwamakhaya angekho kwigridi
• 8–16 kW: Amakhaya amakhulu angaphandle kwegridi, amashishini amancinci, iifama, okanye iifama

Uluhlu lwamandla oludumileyo lu 4–8 kW njengoko inokwanelisa uninzi lweemfuno zamandla asekhaya.

Ngokuxhomekeke kumthengi ekujoliswe kuwo, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela kwakhona imithwalo yexesha elizayo enokufuna amandla. Oku kuthetha ukuba i ii-inverters ze-off-grid efakiweyo kufuneka ikwazi ukumelana nakuphi na ukukhula kwiimfuno zamandla kule minyaka imbalwa izayo. Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo ejoliswe kwizibini ezidla umhlala-phantsi ifanele yahluke kuleyo ijoliswe kwiintsapho eziselula.

3. DC igalelo lombane

Kanye umthamo wamandla we i-off-grid solar inverter isekiwe, ngoku iya kuba lixesha lokuqwalasela uluhlu lwamandla ombane we-DC wesixhobo. Oku kunokusekwa ngokujonga iinkcukacha ze-inverter okanye i-spec sheet.

Igalelo lamandla ombane eDC lisetyenziselwa ukumisela amandla ombane ebhetri ahambelana ne Inverter. Njengomthetho, i-voltage ephezulu ye-PV DC yokuphuma akufanele idlule ubuninzi be-voltage ye-DC edweliswe kwii-specs ze-inverter.

4. Umthamo webhetri

Into elandelayo ekufuneka iqwalaselwe kwinkqubo yokhetho lweenkqubo zamandla elanga ngaphandle kwegrid yi ubungakanani bebhetri oko kuya kufuneka. Umthengisi kuya kufuneka agqibe ukuba ngaba umthengi ekujoliswe kuye uya kufuna ugcino lwamandla oluquka ukusetyenziswa kosuku nje olunye okanye inkqubo enomthamo owongezelelweyo ogcinayo.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka ngexesha le nkqubo, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela inani lezinto eziguquguqukayo ezinxulumene nebhetri. Ezi ziquka uhlobo lwebhetri kunye nekhemistry yayo, ukusebenza kakuhle kokujikeleza, ubuninzi bokukhupha (i-DoD), izinga eliphezulu lokuhlawula, kunye neentsuku zokuzimela.

Umgaqo jikelele wogcino lwebhetri yelanga kukujolisa kugcino olugubungela ubuncinci iintsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3 zokusetyenziswa ngexesha elona xesha liphezulu lokusetyenziswa enyakeni.

5. Isilawuli selanga esakhelwe ngaphakathi

Ii-inverters zelanga ezingaphandle kwegridi ziza nazo abalawuli bentlawulo yelanga eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi ezilawula amandla avela kwiipaneli zelanga kwaye adluliselwe kwiibhetri. Kukho iindidi ezimbini zezilawuli zentlawulo eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa iziguquli zelanga ezingaphandle kwegridi: Ubuninzi bolawulo lwePoyinti yaMandla (MPPT). kunye nabalawuli bePulse-Width Modulation (PWM).

abalawuli beMPPT zijongwa ngcono ngokobuchwephesha njengoko zinokuguqula amandla ombane aphezulu ephaneli yelanga ukuya kwivoltheji esezantsi kwaye ziyakwazi ukutshaja iibhetri ezinelahleko yamandla asezantsi okanye ukusebenza okuphezulu. IMPPT inokuzisa 93–97% ukusebenza kakuhle ekuguquleni amandla abo; nangona kunjalo, zibiza kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nabalawuli be-PWM.

Abalawuli be-PWM banexabiso eliphantsi, kodwa banokubangela ukuya kuthi ga I-60% yokulahlekelwa kwamandla. Oku kuzenza zingasebenzi kakuhle kwiinkqubo ezinkulu kodwa zibe lukhetho olusebenzayo kwiinkqubo ezincinci. Ngokufanelekileyo, kungcono ukhethe i-inverter kunye nomlawuli wentlawulo eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi owenza ukuhanjiswa kwe-voltage ukwenzela ukuba ibhanki yebhetri ifumane ubuninzi bamandla.

Khetha eyona inverter yelanga ngaphandle kwegridi

Ukukhetha esona siguquli selanga esiphuma kwigridi kubathengi ekujoliswe kubo kufuna ukuba kuqwalaselwe ngononophelo inani lezinto, kubandakanywa amandla ombane aphumayo, uluhlu lwamandla, amandla ombane we-DC, umthamo webhetri, kunye nezilawuli zelanga ezakhelwe ngaphakathi.

Zonke ezi zinto zinento yokwenza nohlobo lwesixokelelwano sombane welanga esingenawo kwigridi abanayo abasebenzisi, ke ngoko abathengisi kufuneka baqwalasele ukuba ngubani ojoliswe kubo njengoko oku kuya kunceda ukuseka eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuguqula i-inverter kubo.

Ekugqibeleni, abathengi bajonge iinkqubo ekulula ukuzigcina, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, kwaye azinangxaki. Ukubala ngokuchanekileyo imithwalo yombane kunye neepatheni zokusetyenziswa kwabo baza kuba ngabathengi kuvumela ukulinganisa okuchanekileyo kwenkqubo yelanga engaphandle kwegridi, ukusebenza okuphezulu, kunye nokusilela kwenkqubo encinci.