Uzifumana njani iibhetri ze-LMO ezilungileyo ngo-2024

Iibhetri ze-LMO luhlobo lwe ibhetri-ion ibhetri esebenzisa i-lithium manganese oxide njengesixhobo se-cathode. Le bhetri ibonakaliswe ngesantya esiphezulu sokutshaja kunye nokuzinza kwe-thermal, kwaye igqwesa kwiimeko zesicelo ezifuna ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kunye nokukhutshwa, njengezixhobo zamandla kunye neenqwelo ezithile zombane. Ukongeza, ixabiso layo eliphantsi liyenza ilungele izicelo ezingabizi kakhulu.

Eli nqaku liza kunika umbono omfutshane weebhetri ze-LMO, kwaye emva koko liya kuqaqambisa izinto eziphambili ekufuneka uziqwalasele xa ukhetha enye ngo-2024.

Isiqulatho
Ziziphi iibhetri ze-LMO
ukwakhiwa
uhlelo
Iziganeko zesicelo
Kufuneka ukhethe nini le bhetri
Iindlela zetekhnoloji
Umgca osezantsi

Ziziphi iibhetri ze-LMO

Iibhetri zeLithium manganese oxide (LMO)., uhlobo olubalulekileyo lwebhetri ye-lithium-ion, lubonise ukusebenza okuphawulekayo ngaphakathi kwezicelo ezininzi ngokubonga kwi-lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4) impahla ye-cathode. 

Ingundoqo yale teknoloji yebhetri ilele kwisakhiwo se-spinel sezinto ze-cathode, ezinganikezeli kuphela iimpawu ezintle ze-electrochemical, ezifana ne-voltage ephezulu yokusebenza kunye nokuzinza okuhle kwebhayisikile, kodwa inika amandla athile aphezulu. 

Iinzuzo eziphambili ze Iibhetri ze-LMO zilele ekufikeleleni kweendleko, ukhuseleko oluphezulu, kunye nokuxinana kwamandla okulungileyo, okubenza bafaneleke ngokukodwa ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezifana nezixhobo zombane, izithuthi zombane, kunye nezixhobo zombane eziphathwayo, phakathi kwezinye. 

Nangona kunjalo, kukho imingeni ehambelana nezi bhetri, kubandakanywa ukuchaphazeleka kwazo ekuthotyweni komthamo kumaqondo aphezulu obushushu kunye noxinano lwamandla aphantsi xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iibhetri ze-lithium-ion. Xa sijongene nale mingeni, uphuhliso lwe Ibhetri ye-LMO iteknoloji ayizange ime ngxi. 

Ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kunye nokwandisa ubomi, i-R&D yamkele izicwangciso ezahlukeneyo, ezinjengokudibanisa Iibhetri ze-LMO kunye nezinye iintlobo zebhetri ye-lithium-ion (umzekelo, i-lithium-nickel-cobalt-manganese-oxide (NMC)), ukwenza imali kwiinzuzo zezinto ngamnye. 

Esi sicwangciso sokuxutywa asonyusi kuphela amandla ebhetri kodwa sikwanceda ukuphucula ukusebenza kwebhetri iyonke kunye nobomi bomjikelo ngelixa ugcina iindleko-zokusebenza. Namhlanje, Iibhetri ze-LMO zisisisombululo samandla esiyimfuneko kuthutho lombane (kubandakanywa iibhayisekile zombane, izithuthuthu zombane, kunye nezinye izithuthi zombane), izixhobo zombane eziphathwayo, izixhobo zamandla ezingenazintambo, kunye neenkqubo zokugcina amandla asekhaya kunye nezorhwebo. 

Ububanzi bezi zicelo bubungqina bokuguquguquka kwe Ibhetri ye-LMO iteknoloji kunye nokubaluleka kwayo kwizisombululo zamandla zangoku nezexesha elizayo. Ngokuqhubela phambili ngakumbi kwisayensi yezixhobo kunye nobuchwepheshe bebhetri, kubonakala ukuba iibhetri ze-LMO ziya kuqhubeka ukufumana ibhalansi engcono phakathi kokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, ukhuseleko, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo.

ukwakhiwa

Izinto zeCathode

I-Lithium-manganese oxide (LiMn2O4): Izinto ze-cathode yeyona ndawo iphakathi Iibhetri ze-LMO kwaye isebenzisa i-lithium-manganese oxide enesakhiwo se-spinel. Esi sixhobo sisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngenxa yokuzinza kwayo kwe-electrochemical, amandla ombane aphezulu, kunye neendleko eziphantsi. Isakhiwo se-spinel siququzelela ukufakwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuchithwa kwe-lithium ion, ukuxhasa amandla aphezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwebhayisikili.

Izinto ze-Anode

Igraphite: Igraphite okanye ezinye iifom zekhabhoni zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwii-electrode ezimbi. I-graphite inesakhiwo esinemigangatho esinika indawo yokugcina i-lithium ion, exhasa ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokuzinza kwexesha elide ngexesha lokuhlawula kunye nokukhupha.

I-Electrolyte

Iityuwa zelithium ezinyityilisiweyo kwisinyibilikisi sezinto eziphilayo: I-electrolyte yindlela yokuthutha i-ion ngaphakathi kwebhetri, equlethe i-solvent ye-organic kunye neetyuwa ze-lithium (umzekelo, i-LiPF6) echithwe kuyo. Umsebenzi oyintloko we-electrolyte kukuqhuba i-ion ze-lithium phakathi kwee-electrode ezilungileyo kunye ne-negative, eyenza ibhetri ukuba iqhube ukuphendula kwe-electrochemical ngexesha lokutshaja kunye nokukhupha.

I-diaphragm (isahluli)

Inwebu yepolymer enemingxuma: Isahluli yinwebu yepolymer eethe-ethe ephakathi ephakathi kwee-electrode ezilungileyo nezingalunganga. Umsebenzi walo kukwahlula ngokwasemzimbeni i-electrode elungileyo kunye nebi, ukuthintela iisekethe ezimfutshane ngelixa uvumela i-lithium ion ukuba idlule ngokukhululekileyo ukuxhasa inkqubo yokutshaja kunye nokukhupha ibhetri.

Ingxowa kunye nokupakishwa

Isingxobo sentsimbi okanye iplastiki: isetyenziselwa ukukhusela amacandelo angaphakathi kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuzinza komzimba kunye nokhuseleko lwebhetri. Izinto kunye noyilo lwe-casing kufuneka kwakhona zithathele ingqalelo iimfuno zokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu bebhetri.

uhlelo

Iibhetri ze-LMO, njengohlobo lwebhetri ye-lithium-ion, ngokukodwa luhlelwa ngokudibanisa okuhlukeneyo kunye nokuguqulwa kwe-lithium manganese oxides kwizinto ze-cathode. Olu lwahlulo lubonisa imikhombandlela eyahlukeneyo yokuphucula ukusebenza kweebhetri ze-LMO, kubandakanya nokuphucula ukuxinana kwamandla, ukuzinza komjikelo, ukusebenza kobushushu, kunye nokhuseleko. Oku kulandelayo zezinye zeentlobo eziphambili ze Iibhetri ze-LMO:

Iibhetri ze-LMO zesigaba esicocekileyo

Olu hlobo lwebhetri lusebenzisa i-lithium manganese oxide ecocekileyo njengesixhobo se-cathode kunye nesakhiwo se-spinel. Iibhetri ze-LMO zesigaba esicocekileyo zilula kwaye zinexabiso eliphantsi, kodwa ziqhelene nokuthotywa kwamandla kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, zinciphisa uluhlu lwazo lwezicelo.

I-Dopant-modified Iibhetri ze-LMO

Iimpawu ze-electrochemical zezixhobo ze-LMO ziphuculwe ngokufaka ezinye izinto (umzekelo, i-nickel, i-cobalt, isinyithi, njl.) kuzo, ngakumbi ukunyusa ukuzinza kwabo kwebhayisikile kunye nokusebenza kobushushu. Olu hlengahlengiso lunokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo umonakalo wesakhiwo sezinto ezibangelwa ukubethelwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye nokuchithwa kwe-lithium ion ngexesha lenkqubo yokuhamba ngebhayisikili, ngaloo ndlela ukwandisa ubomi bebhetri.

Iibhetri ze-LMO eziguqulwe umphezulu

Uzinzo lwesakhiwo kunye nokusebenza kwe-electrochemical ye-LMO particles kunokuphuculwa ngokugquma ubuso beengqungquthela ze-LMO kunye nezinye izinto (umz., i-oxides, i-phosphates, njl.). Ukuguqulwa komphezulu akuphuculi kuphela ukhuseleko lwebhetri kodwa kukwaphucula ukusebenza kwayo phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu ukuya kumlinganiselo othile.

Iibhetri ze-anode ze-LMO ezihlanganisiweyo

Izinto ze-LMO ziqulunqwe kunye nezinye iintlobo zezinto ze-cathode, ezifana ne-LiNiMnCoO2 (NMC) okanye i-LiFePO4 (LFP), ukudibanisa izibonelelo zezinto ezahlukeneyo. Esi sicwangciso esidibeneyo sijolise ekunyuseni ubuninzi bamandla ebhetri, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwayo kokhuseleko, kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kwayo kobushushu.

Iziganeko zesicelo

Ukuthuthwa kombane

Izithuthi zombane (EVs): Iibhetri ze-LMO zisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zebhetri zamandla kwezinye izithuthi zombane ngenxa yoxinano lwamandla aphezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokhuseleko.

Iibhayisekile zombane kunye nezithuthuthu zombane: Kwezi zicelo, iibhetri ze-LMO zibonelela ngesiphumo esifunekayo samandla aphezulu kunye noluhlu olufanelekileyo ngelixa kugcinwa ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko.

Izixhobo zombane eziphathwayo

Iifowuni kunye neelaptops: Nangona Iibhetri ze-LMO azinawo amandla afanayo njengezinye iintlobo zeebhetri ze-lithium-ion (umzekelo, iibhetri ze-lithium cobalt oxide), zisathandwa ngenxa yemveliso yazo ephezulu yamandla kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko kwizixhobo ezithile.

Iikhamera zedijithali kunye nabadlali bemidiya abaphathwayo: Ezi zixhobo zifuna umthombo wamandla othembekileyo ukuxhasa ukusebenza kwamandla aphezulu, kwaye iibhetri ze-LMO zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngenxa yesicelo sabo esiguquguqukayo.

Iinkqubo zokugcina amandla

Iinkqubo zokugcina amandla eKhaya kunye nezorhwebo (ESS): Iibhetri ze-LMO ziba zixhaphake ngakumbi kwiinkqubo zokugcina amandla, ngokukodwa kwizicelo ezifuna amandla aphezulu kunye nokuphendula ngokukhawuleza, njengokusetyenziswa kwemilinganiselo ephakamileyo kunye nentlambo yentlawulo kunye nokugcinwa kokuveliswa kwamandla avuselelekayo (ilanga, umoya).

Iinkqubo zamandla ezingxamisekileyo kunye nokulinda: Iibhetri ze-LMO zikwabonisa iingenelo zazo kwiinkqubo zamandla ezingxamisekileyo kunye nokulinda ezifuna ukuthembeka okuphezulu kunye nokuphuma kwamandla ngokukhawuleza.

Kufuneka ukhethe nini le bhetri

Ukukhetha i Ibhetri ye-LMO ifanelekile kwiimeko ezithile apho izibonelelo ezithile zebhetri zihlangabezana neemfuno zesicelo. Ukukhetha ibhetri ye-LMO kunokuba lolona khetho lufanelekileyo kwezi meko zilandelayo:

Ifuna ukukhutshwa kwamandla aphezulu

Iibhetri ze-LMO zinika uxinano lwamandla aphezulu kwaye zifanelekile kwizicelo ezifuna ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza nokukhupha amandla, njengezixhobo zamandla, iibhayisekile zombane, kunye nezithuthuthu zombane. Ukuba imeko yesicelo ifuna isixa esikhulu samandla ukuba sikhutshwe ngexesha elifutshane, iibhetri ze-LMO lukhetho oluhle kakhulu.

Iiprojekthi ezingabizi kakhulu

Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zeebhetri ze-lithium-ion, iibhetri ze-LMO zihlala zinexabiso eliphantsi. Kwiiprojekthi ezinohlahlo lwabiwo-mali olulinganiselweyo okanye ukukhangela indleko-ngempumelelo, njengeentlobo ezithile zezithuthi zombane kunye ne-electronics ephathekayo yabathengi, iibhetri ze-LMO zinokubonelela ngesisombululo esifikelelekayo.

Umba wokhuseleko

Ngelixa zonke iintlobo zeebhetri ze-lithium-ion zenziwe ngamanyathelo okhuseleko olungqongqo, iibhetri ze-LMO zibonelela ngokuzinza okungcono kwe-thermal kunye nokhuseleko ngenxa yesakhiwo sazo sekhemikhali. Kwizicelo apho ukhuseleko lubaluleke kakhulu, njengeenkqubo ezinkulu zokugcina ibhetri, iibhetri ze-LMO zinokuba lukhetho olukhuselekileyo.

Inani elikhulu leebhetri ezifunekayo ngexesha elifutshane

Ngenxa yokukhula okuhambelanayo kunye nokulula kwenkqubo yokwenziwa kweebhetri ze-LMO, zinokuveliswa ngobuninzi ngokukhawuleza. Kwiiprojekthi apho inani elikhulu leebhetri kufuneka lifakwe ngexesha elifutshane, njengokuveliswa kwezithuthi zombane ezilinganiselweyo, iibhetri ze-LMO zinokukhawulelana ngokukhawuleza nemfuno enkulu.

Iimfuno zebhetri eziphantsi

Ngelixa ubomi bomjikelezo weebhetri ze-LMO bungade bube bubude njengezinye iintlobo zeebhetri ze-lithium-ion, ibhalansi yokusebenza kunye neendleko ezinikezelwa yi-LMO iibhetri zisenomtsalane ukuba imeko yesicelo ivumelekile kwinani eliphakathi lemijikelo.

Iindlela zetekhnoloji

Iibhetri ze-LMO kulindeleke ukuba kugxininise ekuphuculeni ukusebenza, ukwandisa izicelo, kunye nokuphucula ukhuseleko kunye nokuzinza kwendalo kwiindlela zeteknoloji zexesha elizayo. Apha ngezantsi kukho imikhombandlela embalwa ephambili yeendlela zetekhnoloji zexesha elizayo kwiibhetri ze-LMO:

Izinto ezintsha ezintsha

Doping kunye ne-alloying: Ukuphucula ukuxinana kwamandla kunye nokuzinza kweebhetri ngokufaka ezinye izinto (umzekelo, i-nickel, i-cobalt, i-aluminium, njl.) kwizinto ze-LMO. Ezi zinto zintsha zinceda ukuphucula ubomi bomjikelezo kunye nomgangatho wokushisa osebenzayo webhetri.

Ukulungiswa komphezulu: Itekhnoloji entsha yokugquma umphezulu iphuhlisiwe ukuphucula uzinzo kunye nokumelana nokubola kweebhetri ze-LMO, ezithi ziphucule ukusebenza kwazo kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo.

Ukulungiswa kolwakhiwo

Ulawulo lweMicrostructure: Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokusasazwa kwee-ion ze-lithium ngokulungiselela i-microstructure yezinto ze-LMO, ezifana nobungakanani besuntswana kunye nokumila, ukuze kuphuculwe ukutshaja kunye nokukhupha ukusebenza kwebhetri.

Indibaniselwano yezinto ezininzi: I-LMO ehlanganisiweyo kunye nezinye iintlobo zemathiriyeli ye-cathode (umzekelo, i-NMC, i-LFP) ukwenzela ukudibanisa iingenelo zezinto ngamnye ukuphumeza ubuninzi bamandla aphezulu kunye nokusebenza komjikelo ongcono.

Ukuphuculwa kokhuseleko

Ukuphuculwa kozinzo lweThermal: Phuhlisa izinto ezizinzileyo ze-electrolyte kunye ne-diaphragm ukuphucula ukhuseleko kunye nokuzinza kweebhetri ze-LMO kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu.

Iindlela zokhuseleko ezakhelwe ngaphakathi: Phuhlisa uyilo olutsha lwebhetri, olufana nokhuseleko lwentlawulo engaphezulu kunye neenkqubo zolawulo lobushushu, ukuphucula ngakumbi ukhuseleko ngexesha lokusetyenziswa.

Ukwandiswa kweendawo zezicelo

Iinkqubo zokugcina amandla (ESS): Ngokunyuka kokusetyenziswa kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo, ukusetyenziswa kweebhetri ze-LMO kwiinkqubo zokugcinwa kwamandla amakhulu kulindeleke ukuba kukhule ngakumbi, ngakumbi apho kufuneka ubuninzi bamandla kunye nokhuseleko olufanelekileyo.

Igridi ehlakaniphile kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla ekhaya: Ukusetyenziswa kweebhetri ze-LMO kwigridi ehlakaniphile kunye nezisombululo zokugcina amandla asekhaya ziya kwanda ngokuhambela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe ukuxhasa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okusebenzayo kunye nokuzinza okungcono kwegridi.              

Umgca osezantsi

Iibhetri ze-LMO ziye zamkelwa ngokubanzi kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo ngenxa yoxinano lwamandla aphezulu, ixabiso eliphantsi, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokhuseleko. Iibhetri ze-LMO zifaneleke ngokukodwa usetyenziso olufuna ukuphuma kwamandla aphezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko, ezifana nezixhobo zombane, uthutho lombane, kunye neemveliso ezithile zombane eziphathwayo. 

Kwixesha elizayo, ngokuqhubela phambili kunye nokwenza ngcono itekhnoloji, iibhetri ze-LMO zilindeleke ukuba zifezekise impumelelo enkulu kuxinzelelo lwamandla, ubomi bomjikelo, kunye nokuguquguquka kokusingqongileyo, ukwandisa ngakumbi umda wesicelo.

Okokugqibela, ukuba unomdla wokuthenga ibhetri ye-LMO yokusetyenziswa kwekhaya okanye ishishini, ungandwendwela oku ikhonkco.