Uliqala njani iShishini lokuTjaja i-EV

Izikhululo zokutshaja ze-EV ziba lishishini elikhulayo njengoko inani lezithuthi zombane liqhubeka nokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwihlabathi jikelele. Umzekelo, malunga 2.1 million Iimoto zombane zathengiswa ngo-2019, okubangele ukunyuka kwe-40% ngonyaka.

Ngaphezu koko, abathengi banamhlanje bayabona zithuthi njengesisombululo esithembisayo sokunciphisa ungcoliseko lomoya, ukuthoba ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse, kunye nokutshintsha amandla. Umzekelo, ingxelo ye-International Energy Agency (IEA) ibonisa ukuba iimoto ze-elektroniki ngo-2019 zanciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweoyile phantse. 0.6 million imigqomo ngosuku.

Ukongeza, ukuveliswa kombane kwiimoto zombane zehlabathi zikhuphe i-51 Mt CO2-eq, malunga nesiqingatha sezinto ezikhutshwayo ezinokuveliswa zizithuthi ezilinganayo ze-ICE. Ezi ziphumo zincumisayo ziya kuqhubeka ukwandisa imfuno ye izitishi zokutshaja, ngaloo ndlela kudala ithuba loshishino.

Isiqulatho
Kutheni izikhululo zokutshaja ze-EV zinamandla oshishino
Iintlobo zezikhululo zokutshaja ze-EV ezikhoyo kwimarike
Izinto ekufuneka uziqwalasele xa uqalisa ishishini lokutshaja i-EV
Amacandelo emarike ekujoliswe kuwo
isiphelo

Kutheni izikhululo zokutshaja ze-EV zinamandla oshishino

Njengoko ihlabathi lisiya kwikamva elizinzileyo, ii-EVs ziye zanda kakhulu. Olu dumo luguqulelwe kwimfuno eyongeziweyo yezikhululo zokutshaja, ngaloo ndlela kudala ithuba leshishini koosomashishini kunye neenkampani ukuba batyale imali kulo. Ukutshaja kwe-EV izakhiwo.

Isikhululo sokutshaja se-EV ubungakanani bemarike yehlabathi

Izibalo zibonisa ukuba ubungakanani bemarike ye-EV yehlabathi bukhula ngokukhawuleza. Umzekelo, inani leemoto zombane liye landa ukusuka 17,000 ngo-2010 ukuya kwi-7.2 yezigidi ngo-2019. Ukongeza, imakethi ye-EV kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele I-457.6 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika ngo-2023 kwaye uqhubeke ukhula kwi-CAGR ye-17.02% ukuya kuthi ga kwi-858 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika ngo-2027.

Ngaphezu koko, malunga 6.9 yezigidi EVs zathengiswa kwihlabathi jikelele ngo-2021. Ii-EVs ziqikelelwa ukuba ziphendule kwi-34% yezithuthi zehlabathi jikelele ngo-2028, inani eliqikelelwa ukuba likhule liye kuma-54% ngo-2035.

Ukusukela ngoNovemba ka-2022, kukho malunga Izikhululo zokutshaja ezizizigidi ezi-2.8, ekuqikelelwa ukuba iza kukhula ukuya kutsho kwi-16.83 yezigidi ngo-2028. I-12.41 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika ngo-2021 kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba inyuke iye kwi-142.36 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2030, ikhula kwi-CAGR ye-31.14%. Ezi zibalo zibonisa amandla okwenene eshishini lokutshaja i-EV.

Izinto eziqhuba imfuno yehlabathi yezikhululo zokutshaja ze-EV

Kukho izinto ezininzi eziqhuba imfuno yezikhululo zokutshaja ze-EV. Ezi ziquka:

• Ukunyuka kwemfuno yehlabathi yee-EVs, nto leyo eguqulela kwimfuno ephezulu ye Iitshaja ze-EV kunye nezikhululo zokutshaja
• Imigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente exhasayo kunye nenkuthazo ekhuthaza ukufakelwa kweziseko ezingundoqo zokutshaja
• Ukuqhubela phambili kwitekhnoloji yokutshaja, kubandakanywa izantya zokutshaja ezikhawulezayo kunye nokutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo.
• Ukwanda kokudityaniswa kweziseko ezingundoqo zokutshaja kunye nemithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo, efana namandla elanga nawomoya. Oku kuye kwanceda ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, eyona nto ibalulekileyo xa kujongwa ulwazi oluphezulu lwabathengi malunga nokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye neengxaki zokusingqongileyo.

Iintlobo zezikhululo zokutshaja ze-EV ezikhoyo kwimarike

Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zezikhululo zokutshaja ze-EV, ezihlelwe njengamanqanaba oku-1 ukuya kwe-3 kwaye ziphawulwa ngamandla ahlukeneyo okutshaja kunye neemfuno.

Izitishi zokutshaja zeNqanaba loku-1 ze-EV

Izitishi zokutshaja zeNqanaba loku-1 ze-EV lolona hlobo lulula lwesikhululo sokutshaja kwaye utsale amandla kwisixhobo esiqhelekileyo se-120-volt AC. Babiza isithuthi ngesantya seekhilomitha ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-5 ngeyure kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziswa kwintlawulo yokuhlala okanye kwiindawo apho ii-EV zipakwe ixesha elide, njengeendawo zokusebenza okanye iihotele. Kananjalo, zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiimoto zombane ezixutyiweyo (PHEVs).

Izitishi zokutshaja zeNqanaba loku-2 ze-EV

Iinkqubo zokutshaja zeNqanaba 2 ze-EV ukutsala amandla kwi-240-volt AC yokuphuma, kubenza babe namandla ngakumbi kunezikhululo zenqanaba loku-1. Umthamo wabo wokutshaja ubenza bakwazi ukubiza i-EV kuluhlu lwe-12 ukuya kwi-80 yeemayile ngeyure, okuthetha ukuba inokutshaja ngokupheleleyo kwiiyure ezi-6 ukuya kwezili-12. Ngenxa yoko, ithathwa njengefanelekileyo kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke, ezifana neegaraji zokumisa izithuthi, amaziko okuthengisa, kunye neendawo zokuhlala.

Izitishi zokutshaja zeNqanaba loku-3 ze-EV

Izitishi zokutshaja zeNqanaba lesi-3 ze-EV zikwabizwa ngokuba intlawulo ekhawulezayo yangoku (DCFC) izikhululo. Zezona zikhululo zokutshaja ezikhawulezayo kwimarike kuba zisebenzisa umbane weDC ukutshaja iibhetri ze-EV. Izikhululo ze-DCFC zisebenzisa umbane we-400-900-volt kwaye zinokuhlawulisa i-EV kwi-3 ukuya kwiikhilomitha ezingama-20 ngomzuzu. Ke, zilungele ukusetwa kweshishini, iindawo zikawonke-wonke, kunye neendawo zokumisa zokuhamba koohola bendlela.

Izinto ekufuneka uziqwalasele xa uqalisa ishishini lokutshaja i-EV

Iinkampani kunye noosomashishini abajolise kwishishini lokubiza i-EV kufuneka baqwalasele izinto ezahlukeneyo xa beseka ishishini labo. Ezi ziquka:

1) Ukumisela indawo yesikhululo sokutshaja kunye nomthamo

Ingqwalasela yokuqala yindawo kunye nomthamo, eziziimpawu ezibalulekileyo zempumelelo yeshishini elibiza i-EV. Umzekelo, isikhululo kufuneka sibekwe kwindawo enetrafikhi eninzi ebonakala kakuhle, ukufikelela lula, kunye nokubalula kubanini be-EV. Kufuneka kwakhona ibe neendawo zokupaka ezaneleyo zokubonelela indawo ekhuselekileyo nekhuselekileyo yokuba abanini be-EV bapake kwaye bahlawule izithuthi zabo.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba umthamo wesikhululo sokutshaja umisela inani lamazibuko atshajayo kunye nesantya sokutshaja esifunekayo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zesiseko sabathengi ekujoliswe kubo.

2) Ukukhetha izixhobo zokutshaja ezifanelekileyo

Uhlobo lwezixhobo ezikhethiweyo kufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno zabathengi ekujoliswe kubo. Umzekelo, izixhobo kufuneka zihambelane neemodeli ze-EV ekujoliswe kuzo, ngakumbi kuba zinokufuna iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokutshaja. Ngaphezu koko, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ubungakanani besixhobo, ukuthembeka, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye neempawu zokhuseleko.

Ukukhetha izixhobo ezingalunganga ezingabancediyo bonke abathengi kunokonakalisa isidima seshishini kunye nenzuzo. Imizekelo yokuqwalaselwa xa ukhetha isixhobo ibandakanya:

• Isantya sokutshaja
• Iintlobo zezibuko
• Ukuhambelana neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-EVs

3) Ukufumana iimvume eziyimfuneko kunye neelayisensi

Xa uqala i Isikhululo sokutshaja se-EV ishishini, kubalulekile ukuphanda imigaqo eyimfuneko efunekayo kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo. Oosomashishini kunye neenkampani ezijolise kweli thuba leshishini kufuneka badibane noogunyaziwe basekhaya ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kunye nokufumana zonke iimvume kunye neelayisensi.

4) Ukumisela umthombo wenkxaso-mali

Olu qwalaselo lubandakanya ukubalwa kweendleko zizonke zokuqalisa ishishini lokubiza i-EV, njengeendleko zokufakela, ukuthengwa kwezixhobo, kunye neendleko zokusebenza. Oku kulandelwa kukufumanisa umthombo wenkxaso-mali, njengokugcinwa komntu, iimali-mboleko, izibonelelo, okanye abatyali-mali, njl.

5) Ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso sokuthengisa kunye nenkonzo yabathengi

Okwangoku, kubalulekile ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso sokukhuthaza ishishini lokutshaja i-EV kubathengi abanokubakho kwaye ubabonelele ngamava alungileyo. Eminye imiba ephambili ibandakanya:

• Ukuqonda iimfuno zabathengi kunye nezinto abazikhethayo, njengohlobo lwe-EV abayiqhubayo, imikhwa yabo yokutshaja, kunye neendlela zabo zokuhlawula abazithandayo
• Ukuphuhlisa ukhuphiswano nolwakhiwo lwamaxabiso afanelekileyo
• Ukuqinisekisa ukufumaneka kwe-24/7 kunye nokufikeleleka
• Ukuseka nokugcina inkonzo yabaxumi ephendulayo neluncedo

I-6) Ukuhlala usesikhathini kunye neendlela zoshishino

Into yokugqibela yokuqinisekisa impumelelo yeshishini kukuhlala usexesheni ngeendaba zeshishini, iintsingiselo kunye nophuhliso. Oku kuqinisekisa ulwazi lweendlela zamva nje zeshishini kunye nenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji ekutshajisweni kwe-EV. Izinto ekufuneka uziqwalasele ziquka:

• Utshintsho lolawulo
• Uphuhliso lweMarike
• Ukuphuhla kokukhethwa kwabathengi

Amacandelo emarike ekujoliswe kuwo

Ishishini lokubiza i-EV kufuneka lijolise kumacandelo emarike ahlukeneyo ngokusekwe kwiimfuno zabathengi kwaye alungelelanise iinkonzo zabo ukuhlangabezana nezi mfuno. Umzekelo, amashishini anokukhetha ukufakela isiseko sokutshaja se-EV kwinqanaba loku-1 kubathengi bendawo yokuhlala ukuze bahlawule ii-EV zabo ngobusuku. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, abanye banokubonelela ngezisombululo zokutshaja kwinqanaba lesi-2 kwiindawo ezinjengeehotele kunye neeresityu, apho abathengi baya kupaka ixesha elide.

Imizekelo yamacandelo orhwebo ahlukeneyo ekufuneka eqwalaselwe xa kuchazwa umthengi ofanelekileyo kwishishini lokutshaja i-EV zezi:

• Abantu babucala abangabanini okanye abaqeshisa ii-EVs
• Iindawo zokusebenzela kunye neendawo ekuyiwa kuzo, njengeehotele kunye neendawo zokutyela
• Uthungelwano lokutshaja loluntu
• Abaqhubi bezithuthi zorhwebo, abanje ngeteksi kunye neenkampani zokukhwela izithuthi

isiphelo

Ukwanda kokuthandwa kwee-EVs kudala imfuno enkulu yokubiza amashishini. Undoqo ekuqaliseni nasekuqhubeni ishishini lokutshaja i-EV eliyimpumelelo kukuqonda imarike ekujoliswe kuyo kunye nokulungelelanisa ishishini lesikhululo sakho sokutshaja ngokusekwe kwiimfuno kunye nezinto ezikhethwayo. Olu lwazi lunokunceda ukumisela eyona ndawo ifanelekileyo, iindleko, uhlobo lwesixhobo, kunye namaxabiso.

utyelelo Chovm.com ukukhangela izixhobo zokutshaja ze-EV zamva nje zeshishini lakho.