Indlela yokukhetha oomatshini bokucoca amanzi kwimizi-mveliso

Ngayo yonke intuthuko yetekhnoloji, ukuyifaka kunyango lwamanzi kubalulekile. Akukho mathandabuzo okuba umgangatho wamanzi afunyenweyo uya kubalasele. Ngokukodwa ngeli xesha apho amanzi anqongopheleyo kwimithombo yendalo ngenxa yokufudumala kwehlabathi kunye nokugcinwa kakubi kweendawo zokuhlala zendalo, ukucocwa kwamanzi kufuneka kwenziwe ngeteknoloji engcono kakhulu. Eli nqaku liza kugxila kwiindidi zoomatshini bokucoca amanzi, amandla abo okukhula, kunye nendlela yokuthengisa yangoku. Iyakuqaqambisa imiba ebalulekileyo ekufuneka iqwalaselwe xa uthenga oomatshini bokucocwa kwamanzi.

Isiqulatho
Oomatshini bokucoca amanzi: isabelo semarike kunye nemfuno
Iingcebiso ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa uthenga oomatshini bokucoca amanzi
Iintlobo zoomatshini bokucoca amanzi
Imarike ekujoliswe kuyo koomatshini bokucoca amanzi

Oomatshini bokucoca amanzi: isabelo semarike kunye nemfuno

Isabelo sangoku semarike koomatshini bokucoca amanzi $ 24.6 billion. Phakathi kwezinto ezivelayo kukucocwa kwamanzi afunyenwe ekukhutshweni kwetyuwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwamanzi, okunokwandisa inani labantu abanamanzi acocekileyo. 1.2 billion abantu okwangoku abakwazi ukufikelela kumanzi acocekileyo kwihlabathi jikelele. Enye 1.6 billion jongana nokunqongophala kwenkxaso yoqoqosho yokufikelela kumanzi. Ukudumba kwabemi behlabathi kukhokelele kuphuhliso lwetekhnoloji ezininzi zokuphelisa unxano lwehlabathi.

Iingcebiso ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa uthenga oomatshini bokucoca amanzi

Ingxaki yobulunga bamanzi

Umgangatho wamanzi kufuneka uphandwe phambi kokuthenga oomatshini bokucoca amanzi. Oku kwenziwa kwilabhoratri yovavanyo lwamanzi eqinisekisiweyo. Uvavanyo lunokubandakanya uvavanyo lwebhaktheriya, iimvavanyo zokukhokela, kunye novavanyo lwe-manganese/yentsimbi. Umatshini okhethekileyo wokucoca amanzi unokufunyanwa ngokusekelwe kulwazi lwaloo manzi.

Isisombululo esifanelekileyo kwingxaki ekhoyo

Xa ingxaki yamanzi ichongiwe ngokupheleleyo, kubalulekile ukuyidibanisa nesisombululo esifanelekileyo. Oku ke kunceda amashishini ukuba achonge owona matshini awuthandayo wokucoca amanzi. Ngokomzekelo, amanzi amdaka, i-copper lead, kunye nokuvuza kwe-pinhole kunokunyangwa nge-acid neutralization, ngelixa i-sulfates, i-nitrate, kunye ne-arsenic inokunyangwa ngokutshintshiselana kwe-anion.

Iindleko zoomatshini bokucoca amanzi

Iindleko zokucocwa kwamanzi zixhomekeke kwiimfuno zonyango lwangaphambili, ukufakela, kunye neyunithi yonyango. Izixhobo ezifana nezihluzi zinokubiza ngaphantsi $20, ngelixa iiyunithi ze-osmosis kunye ne-distillation zixabisa phakathi I-300 ne-$ 2000. Inkqubo yokutshatyalaliswa kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kunye nexabiso lenzwa yokukhanya phakathi I-400 ne-$ 1000. 

Iindlela zokuthengisa ezinzima

Abathengisi abagqwesileyo banokuba ziingcali ekusebenziseni iindlela zokuthengisa ezinzima kunye nokwenza ukuthengisa ngokukhawuleza. Oku kunokumenza kakubi umthengi omtsha kuba kuyabamfamekisa ekwenzeni isigqibo esifanelekileyo. Amashishini kufuneka aphephe abathengisi abakhawulezayo ukuthengisa ngaphandle kokuqonda iimfuno zomthengi.

Iimfuno zesondlo

Phambi kokuthenga oomatshini bokucocwa kwamanzi, amashishini kufuneka azazi iindleko zokuwalungisa njengoko asenokuba phezulu njengeendleko zokuthenga. Ukugcinwa rhoqo kuya kuba yimfuneko ukuba kuqwalaselwe ukuba ngaba isixhobo siza kufeza injongo yaso ngokufanelekileyo nangexesha elide.

Ukusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso okanye ekhaya

Oomatshini bokucoca amanzi kusetyenziso lwemizi-mveliso baya kuba nomthamo omkhulu phakathi 2,000 - 50,000 iilitha ngosuku kwaye basebenzise ukuya kuthi ga 100 m². Ukongeza koku, iyakusebenzisa itekhnoloji yamva nje efana neenkqubo zokubulala iintsholongwane kwi-ultraviolet. Oomatshini bokucoca amanzi ekhaya baya kuba nomthamo phakathi Iilitha ezingama-200 kunye ne-1000 ngosuku. Amashishini anokukhetha awona matshini afanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kusetyenziso olucetywayo.

Amandla okusebenza

Umthamo wokusebenza ubhekiselele kwinani leelitha ezicocwe ngeyure. Ngokuxhomekeke kumthamo weshishini, kukho oomatshini bokucoca amanzi kwimizi-mveliso abanokuqhuba ngaphezulu I-3000 LPH. Ezi zifanelekile kumashishini amakhulu. Amanye amashishini anokukhetha koomatshini abanomthamo we I-250 LPH.

Iintlobo zoomatshini bokucoca amanzi

Ukubuyisela umva iinkqubo ze-osmosis

Ukubuyisela umva iinkqubo ze-osmosis hluza amasuntswana ayi-0.01 micrometer okanye ngaphezulu.

Iimbonakalo:

• Ixhomekeke kwiimpompo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu.
• Amanzi kuxinzelelo oluphezulu atyhalwa nge-membrane ene-semi-permeable, eshiya amanzi acocekileyo, anencasa engcono.

eziluncedo:

• Ikhuselekile kwaye ihambelana nokusingqongileyo.
• Ihluza uninzi lwezinto ezingcolisayo.
• Inika amanzi angcono okupheka.

bendlela:

• Imosha amanzi amaninzi.
• Kukho ukuhla koxinzelelo olubonakalayo.
• Amanzi amdaka afuna ukulahlwa ngokufanelekileyo.

Vacuum umphunga kunye nedistillation

Vacuum umphunga kunye nedistillation zibandakanya ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kwikholomu ngaphezu kwe-solvent ukuze wenze i-vacuum kwaye uvumele izinto ezinoxinzelelo oluphantsi ukuba zikhuphe.

Iimbonakalo:

• Inkqubo ixhomekeke kubushushu obubilayo bamanzi kuxinzelelo lomoya.
• I-vacuum evaporation isetyenziselwa ukwandisa ukuxinwa kwezinto ezinyibilikisiweyo emanzini.

eziluncedo:

• Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi.
• Umgangatho ophezulu we-distillate.
• Kulula ukuyigcina kunye nokudibanisa neenkqubo ezikhoyo.
• Inokusebenza ngokuzenzekelayo.

bendlela:

• Ukuguquguquka kwamaqondo obushushu kunokuchaphazela isantya sokuvela kwamanzi abe ngumphunga.
• Iintshukumo zemichiza eziyingozi zingenzeka.
• Uxinzelelo lomphunga ophantsi wehlisa izinga lokuhamba komphunga.

Iinkqubo zokuhluza

Ulwakhiwo isebenzisa ukuhluzwa kwe-membrane enye ukususa ibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, i-colloids, kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo emanzini.

Iimbonakalo:

• Ubungakanani bepore buvela kwi-0.02 ukuya kwi-0.05 microns.
• Inkqubo yokucoca ibonakaliswe ngokukhutshwa okuphezulu kwe-colloids, ibhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane.

eziluncedo:

• Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi xa kuthelekiswa ne-osmosis eguqukayo kunye ne-nanofiltration.
• Ixabiso eliphantsi.
• Ukususwa kweebhaktheriya kwenza ukubulala iintsholongwane.
• Amanzi anomgangatho ogqwesileyo aveliswa ngowona mlinganiselo omncinci wamandla.

bendlela:

• Ayinakususa i-inorganics enyibilikisiweyo.
• Ayinakusetyenziselwa ukwenza ityuwa emanzini.

Iicentrifuges zesitya esiqinileyo

Yomelele isitya secentrifuge isebenzisa amandla e-centrifugal ukwahlula amalungu awohlukeneyo kwisinyibilikisi.

Iimbonakalo:

• Inendibano ejikelezayo equka i-rotor ye-centrifuge ethe tyaba kunye ne-skrola yokuhambisa.
• Ulwelo lujikeleziswa ngesantya esiphezulu ukuzisa ukwahlukana.

eziluncedo:

• Iityhubhu ze-Centrifugation zicocwa ngokulula kwaye zicoliseke.
• Yindlela esebenzayo ngakumbi kune-diafiltration kunye notshintshiselwano lwe-ion.

bendlela:

• Inomthamo oqingqiweyo wesampulu ye-centrifuge.
• I-Solids inokwakheka, ibangele ukuncipha kwintsilelo yokucacisa.

Izihluzi zebhedi zephepha

Izihluzi zebhedi zephepha sebenzisa umxhuzulane kwaye usebenzise imidiya yephepha esisigxina okanye elahlwayo ukuhluza amanzi. 

Iimbonakalo:

• Basusa izinto eziqinileyo kuzo zonke iilwelo zemizi-mveliso ezihamba simahla.
• Iipores zomqobo zinokuba ngama-microns angama-40 okanye ngaphantsi.

eziluncedo:

• Kutshiphu ukuzifumana kunye nokuzigcina.
• Kulula ukuzisebenzisa.

bendlela:

• Ukutshintshwa kwezihluzo ezivaliweyo kunokuba yindleko ekuhambeni kwexesha. 
• Inkunkuma yamanzi ifuna ukulahlwa ngokufanelekileyo ukuthintela iingozi zokusingqongileyo.

Izihluzi zevacuum

Izihluzi zevacuum zisetyenziselwa ukucoca i-vacuum kwilabhoratri. Le nkqubo isebenzisa impompo yokufunxa ukunqoba ukuchasana kwi-membrane. 

Iimbonakalo:

• Inempompo yokucoca ukufunxa umoya.
• Ikomityi yokucoca isetyenziselwa ukugcina ulwelo oluhluziweyo.
• Inesigqubuthelo sekomityi yokufunxa ulwelo oluzenzekelayo ukugquma isinyibilikisi emva kokuhluzwa.

eziluncedo:

• Luhluzo lwediski oluqhubekayo.
• Izinto ezahlukeneyo zokwakha zingasetyenziswa.
• Kulula ukulawula iparameters zokucoca ezifana nokutyeba kwekeyiki yokucoca.

bendlela:

• Kukho ukufuma okuphezulu okushiyekileyo okungena kwikeyiki.
• Ulwakhiwo alungeni moya.

Tramp oyile izahluli

Tramp oyile izahluli susa ii-oyile ezidadayo ezidadayo ezikhululekileyo kunye nezisasazwe ngoomatshini, ii-emulsions, i-slime, kunye neebhaktheriya. 

Iimbonakalo:

• Baphucula ukucoceka komoya apho basetyenziswa khona.
• Zisebenza kakuhle kunye nezinto zokupholisa.

eziluncedo:

• Banciphisa ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma eyingozi.
• Zifuna isondlo esincinci okanye zingabikho.
• Zinokurisayikilishwa.

bendlela:

• Ziyakwazi ukuvaleka ngokukhawuleza.
• Azisebenzi kakuhle ngamanzi arhabaxa kuba isenzo samaza siyakuvumela amanzi amaninzi kune-oyile.

Imarike ekujoliswe kuyo koomatshini bokucoca amanzi

Oomatshini bokucoca amanzi kulindeleke ukuba bakhule kwi- I-CAGR ye-6.2% kule minyaka mihlanu izayo $ 33.2 billion. Ummandla waseAsia Pacific ngowona mthengi mkhulu koomatshini bokucoca amanzi kwaye kulindeleke ukuba agcine indawo yawo. Ukunyuka kwabemi kunye nokwanda kolwazi lokusela amanzi acocekileyo kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba igcina isikhokelo. 

isiphelo

Eli nqaku liza kunceda ekukhetheni oomatshini bokucocwa kwamanzi amashishini afanelekileyo. Akukho mathandabuzo ukuba kulula ukubhideka malunga nento omawuyikhethe. Sikwagubungele izinto eziza kuqwalaselwa xa uthengela oomatshini bokucoca amanzi kwimizi-mveliso kunye nokukhula okuqikelelweyo kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo. Intloko kwicandelo loomatshini bokucoca amanzi Chovm.com ngolwazi oluthe vetshe malunga nabo.