1. Ikhonkco loshishino
Izixhobo zomatshini wokulawula amanani ekhompyuter, okanye izixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC ngokufutshane, luhlobo lwesixhobo somatshini esizisebenzelayo esineenkqubo. Inkqubo yolawulo inokuqhuba ngengqiqo iinkqubo ezichazwe ngeekhowudi zolawulo okanye eminye imiyalelo yesimboli kwaye ifake kwifomu yekhowudi yedijithali ngokusebenzisa umthwali wolwazi. Emva kokucubungula ngesixhobo se-CNC, iimpawu zolawulo ezahlukeneyo zikhutshwa. Isixhobo somatshini silawulwa ukuba siqhube ngokuzenzekelayo i-workpiece ibe yimo kunye nobukhulu obufunwa ngumzobo. Izixhobo zomatshini we-CNC luhlobo lwesixhobo somatshini ozenzekelayo oxhotyiswe ngenkqubo yokulawula inkqubo, ngokubanzi ebandakanya isixhobo sokufaka, inkqubo ye-CNC, inkqubo ye-servo, inkqubo yokulinganisa, kunye nomzimba wesixhobo somatshini. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iimpawu zasekhaya zaseTshayina zezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC ziye zavela, kunye nemfuno enkulu yemarike, eye yatsala iinkampani ezininzi zamazwe ngamazwe zeCNC izixhobo zomatshini ukuba zingene kwaye zibambe imarike yaseTshayina.
Ngokombono wekhonkco loshishino, umlambo we-CNC woshishino lwesixhobo somatshini uhlukaniswe kakhulu kwiindawo ezine: iteknoloji ye-CNC, amacandelo aphambili ezixhobo zomatshini we-CNC, amacandelo ombane, kunye neenkqubo ze-CNC. Umlambo osezantsi yintsimi yesicelo sezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kumatshini wobunjineli, ukuveliswa kweemoto, ukwakha iinqanawa, ukuthutha uloliwe, i-aerospace, i-petrochemicals, kunye namanye amashishini.

2. Uhlalutyo loshishino oluphezulu
Ukuthwala yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwisixhobo somatshini weCNC; umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukuxhasa umzimba ojikelezayo koomatshini, ukunciphisa i-coefficient ye-friction ngexesha lokuhamba kwayo, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwayo okujikelezayo. Idatha ibonisa ukuba ngo-2021, imveliso yaseTshayina yafikelela kwiiseti ze-23.3 yeebhiliyoni, ukwanda kwe-32.7% xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elifanayo ngo-2020.
I-sensor sisixhobo sokubona esinokubona ulwazi olulinganisiweyo kwaye luguqule lube ngumqondiso wombane okanye olunye uhlobo olufunekayo lwemveliso yolwazi ngokomgaqo othile ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusasazwa kolwazi, ukucubungula, ukugcinwa, umboniso, ukurekhoda kunye nokulawula. Idatha ibonisa ukuba ubungakanani bemakethe ye-sensor ye-China yanda ukusuka kwi-169.1 yezigidigidi ze-RMB kwi-2017 ukuya kwi-251.0 yezigidigidi ze-RMB ngo-2020, kunye nezinga lokukhula lonyaka elihlanganisiweyo ye-14.1%. Ngo-2021, ubungakanani bemarike bufikelele kwi-295.1 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi. Ngenkqubela phambili eqhubekayo yoluntu, imboni ye-sensor ixabisa ngakumbi ngokuxhotyiswa kwe-Intanethi.
3. Uhlalutyo lweshishini eliphakathi
3.1 izixhobo zomatshini we-CNC
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ushishino lwesixhobo soomatshini baseTshayina lwe-CNC luphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza ngenkxaso yemigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente encomekayo kunye nokusukela ukusungula izinto ezintsha ngamashishini. Ngokutsho kwedatha, ubungakanani bomshishini wesixhobo somatshini we-CNC waseTshayina ufikelele kwi-327 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ngo-2019. Ngenxa yempembelelo yobhubhane kunye nezithintelo zonikezelo lwamandla, ubungakanani bemarike yoshishino lwesixhobo soomatshini baseTshayina behle kancinane ngo-2020, kunye nobungakanani bemarike yeebhiliyoni ezingama-247.3 ze-RMB, ukwehla konyaka-ngonyaka ngama-24.4%. Ngo-2021, ubungakanani bemarike yoshishino lwesixhobo somatshini we-CNC yaseTshayina iye yachacha kwaye yafikelela kwi-268.7 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi.
Ngokombono wokusasazwa kwemveliso, ubungakanani bezixhobo zomatshini wokusika isinyithi e-CNC e-China bukhulu kakhulu, kubalwa ngaphezu kwe-50% yesikali esipheleleyo soshishino lwesixhobo somatshini we-CNC. Udidi lwesibini ngobukhulu luyi-CNC yezixhobo zomatshini wokwenza isinyithi, ezibalelwa phantse i-30% yesikali soshishino ngokubanzi. Izixhobo zomatshini wokusika isinyithi ngoomatshini abasebenzisa iindlela zokusika ukucubungula iintsimbi zentsimbi zibe ngamalungu omatshini. Idatha ibonisa ukuba ngo-2020, imveliso yesixhobo somatshini wokusika isinyithi yaseChina yafikelela kwiiyunithi ezingama-446,000, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka kwe-5.9%. Ngo-2021, imveliso yomatshini wokusika isinyithi yaseChina yafikelela kwiiyunithi ezingama-602,000, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka kwe-29.2%.
Izixhobo zoomatshini bokwenza isinyithi ngokubanzi zibhekisa kwizixhobo zokubumba kunye nokucinezela, luhlobo lwezixhobo zoomatshini ezisetyenziselwa ukubunjwa kunye nokwahlula kwiinkqubo zokubumba kunye nokucinezela, ngokukodwa ngokufaka uxinzelelo kwisinyithi ukuyibumba. Idatha ibonisa ukuba ngo-2021, imveliso yesixhobo somatshini wokwenza isinyithi yaseChina yafikelela kwiiyunithi ezingama-210,000, ukwanda konyaka-ngonyaka kwe-0.5%.

3.2 Iinkampani ezinkulu
Yakha iQela lezixhobo ezikrelekrele zeCentury, iShenyang Machine Tool, kunye neHaitian Precision Machinery ziinkampani ezikhokelayo ezidweliswe kwishishini lesixhobo somatshini weCNC waseTshayina. Ukusuka kwingeniso yezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC kwezi nkampani zintathu ukusuka ngo-2019 ukuya ku-2021, indlela yonke yengeniso yabo iye yanda. Kwi-2021, Yakha i-Century, i-Shenyang Machine Tool, kunye ne-Haitian Precision Machinery yayinengeniso yesixhobo somatshini we-CNC ye-5.123 yezigidigidi ze-RMB, i-1.082 yezigidigidi ze-RMB, kunye ne-2.679 yezigidigidi ze-RMB, ngokulandelanayo. Ngamnye wabalelwa ngaphezu kwe-50% yengeniso yabo iyonke, ebonisa ukuba ishishini lomatshini we-CNC lishishini eliphambili kwiinkampani ezintathu.
Xa kuthelekiswa nengeniso yengeniso yezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC kwiinkampani ezintathu ukusuka ngo-2019 ukuya ku-2021, umda wengeniso yeli shishini kuzo zontathu iinkampani ubonise indlela yokunyuka ngokubanzi. I-Shenyang Machine Tool ye-gross profit margin inyuke ukusuka kwi--135% ngo-2019 ukuya kwi-6.61% ngo-2021, eyajika ukusuka kwi-negative ukuya kwi-positive. Kwi-2021, i-gross profit margins ye-CNC yoshishino lwesixhobo somatshini we-Create Century Intelligent Equipment Group, i-Shenyang Machine Tool, kunye ne-Haitian Precision Machinery yayiyi-29.97%, 6.61%, kunye ne-25.50%, ngokulandelanayo.
4. Uhlalutyo lweshishini elisezantsi
Oomatshini bokwakha yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yoshishino lwezixhobo, olunokwahlulwa lube ngoomatshini bokugrumba, oomatshini bokugrumba umhlaba kunye noomatshini bothutho, oomatshini bokuphakamisa ulwakhiwo, kunye neenqwelo zemizi-mveliso, phakathi kwazo ii-excavators, ii-loaders, kunye neecrane zezona zixhobo ziphambili. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ingeniso yeshishini loomatshini bokwakha eTshayina iye yanda ngokuthe ngcembe. Kwi-2017, ingeniso yoshishino loomatshini bokwakha baseTshayina idlule i-500 yezigidigidi ze-RMB, isondela kwi-600 yezigidigidi ze-RMB ngo-2018, yadlula i-700 yezigidigidi ze-RMB ngo-2020, kwaye yafikelela kwi-800 yeebhiliyoni ze-RMB okokuqala ngo-2021.
Ukususela kwi-2017 ukuya kwi-2021, ukuthengiswa kweemoto ezipheleleyo e-China kuye kwaqhubeka kuncipha, ukusuka kwi-28.879 yezigidi zezithuthi kwi-2017 ukuya kwi-23.489 yezithuthi zezigidi kwi-2021. Nangona kunjalo, ngophuhliso lweshishini elitsha lezithuthi zaseTshayina, ukuthengiswa kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha e-China kuye kwaqhubeka nokunyuka. Nangona izithuthi zamandla amatsha ziye zabeka phambili iimfuno ezintsha zamacandelo, ziye zazisa iimfuno ezintsha kwaye zavula iindawo ezintsha zezicelo zokuphuhlisa izixhobo zomatshini we-CNC.
Umthombo ovela Iqela loPhando lobuNgcali (chyxx.com)