Abaphandi baseSpain baye babala ukuzimela okunokubakho kwi-solar ephezu kophahla kwizithili ezisibhozo zaseMadrid, eSpain. Baye bafumanisa ukuba amakhaya anentsapho enye angakwazi ukufikelela kwimilinganiselo yokuzimela engaphezulu kwe-70%, ngelixa iindawo zasezidolophini ezinezakhiwo eziphakamileyo zifikelela kuma-30%.
Umfanekiso: UFlorian Wehde/Unsplash
Ukusuka kwimagazini ye-pv yaseSpain
Iqela labaphandi abavela kwiYunivesithi yasePolytechnic yaseMadrid kunye neZiko laMandla, iNdalo kunye noPhando lweTekhnoloji (CIEMAT) baye bahlalutya ukuzimela okunokwenzeka kwe-photovoltaics kwizakhiwo zokuhlala kwiindawo ezisibhozo zaseMadrid.
Iindawo zokuhlala zakhethwa ukumisela impembelelo yeempawu zedolophu kunye nezakhiwo ekuhlangabezaneni nokusetyenziswa kombane ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ze-photovoltaic zophahla. Iziphumo zophando zifakwe kwiphepha le-Photovoltaic ukuzimela ngokukwazi ukuzimela kwinqanaba lesithili eMadrid. Indlela yokusebenza enokuhla, epapashwe kwi Amandla kunye neZakhiwo.
Ukubala amandla okuzimela, okuchazwa njengomlinganiselo wombane we-photovoltaic owenziwe kumbane opheleleyo osetyenzisiweyo, ukuveliswa kombane wonyaka kunye nokusetyenziswa kwavavanywa kwisakhiwo ngasinye sokuhlala. Uvavanyo lokuveliswa kombane lwenziwa kusetyenziswa i-solar cadastres eyenziwe nge-Solar Energy kwi-Envelopes model model kwi-QGIS (i-Quantum Geographic Information System), i-LiDAR (ukubona ukukhanya kunye nendawo) idatha kunye ne-TMY (unyaka oqhelekileyo we-meteorological) idatha yendawo nganye.
Ukongezelela, iingcamango zenziwe malunga neempawu eziphambili zeenkqubo zelanga ukuqinisekisa ukumelwa kwecandelo le-photovoltaic. Ukusetyenziswa kombane kuqikelelwa ngokuhlalutya amaxabiso osetyenziso achazwe liZiko loDiversification kunye noLondolozo lwaMandla (IDAE), ecaleni kwezo ziboniswe kwingxelo ye-Eurostat enesihloko esithi Consumptions yeCandelo lokuHlala eSpain, kunye nezinye iifomyula ezisetyenziswe kwinqaku lophando Indlela yokuPhunyezwa kweZithili zaMandla aMaziyo kwiiDolophu eziZinzileyo: ICala ecetywayo2021 kwiMethoXNUMX yoBalo. Ukuzinza.
Amanani osetyenziso afunyenwe ngokubala ukusetyenziswa kombane ekukhanyiseni nakwizixhobo zekhaya kwindawo yokuhlala eyi-100 m2 eqhelekileyo, ngaphandle kokusetyenziselwa ukufudumeza, ukupholisa kunye namanzi ashushu. Iimfuno zokukhanyisa ezikhethekileyo zendawo yokuhlala zibonakaliswe kwi-5 kWh/m2, ngelixa izixhobo eziqhelekileyo kwindawo yokuhlala zichazwe njengefriji, oomabonakude ababini, umatshini wokuhlamba, umatshini wokuhlamba izitya kunye nekhompyutha.
Xa zizonke, ezi zixhobo zongeza kusetyenziso lwe-2,137 kWh nge-100 m2 yendawo yokuhlala, okulingana ne-21.40 kWh/m2. Isixa lala manani mabini kumyinge wokusetyenziswa kwimitha yesikwere ngasinye sinika ixabiso le-26.40 kWh/m2. Nangona kunjalo, uphononongo aluqwalasele ukusetyenziswa kombane ukupholisa, ukufudumeza okanye ukuhamba. Ukusetyenziswa okwandisiweyo kweempompo zokushisa kunye ne-air conditioning yombane, kunye nokufakelwa kombane wezothutho, kuya kubangela ukusetyenziswa kombane ophezulu kumakhaya, okuya kunciphisa amandla okuzimela, abaphandi bathi.
Iziphumo zolu hlalutyo zibonisa ukuba kwiindawo ezakhiwe ngamakhaya anentsapho enye okanye izakhiwo ezikumgangatho ophantsi, amandla okuzimela adlula ama-70%. Ngokuchaseneyo, iindawo zasezidolophini ezinezakhiwo eziphakamileyo zinexabiso lokuzimela elimalunga nama-30%. Eli xabiso liphantsi linokuthi libalelwe kukuphakama okukhulu kwezakhiwo, okuguqulela ukusetyenziswa kwamandla amaninzi ngaphakathi kwezindlu kunye nommandla okhoyo wofakelo lwe-photovoltaic olungonelanga ukugubungela iimfuno zamandla kubo bonke abahlali.
Kumaziko embali, ukusasazwa okukhulu kwamandla okuzimela kuyabonwa, kunye nexabiso ukusuka kwi-10% ukuya kwi-90%. Oku kuntlukwano kubangelwa ukufana okuphantsi kwempahla yasezidolophini, efuna uhlalutyo olucacileyo kwisikali sokwakha. "Kumaziko asezidolophini, ahlala ekhuselwe ngumthetho okhuselayo ngenxa yokubaluleka kwawo kwimbali, iinkqubo ze-BIPV zisisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokulungelelanisa isizukulwana se-PV esasasazwayo kunye nokugcinwa kwesiseko soyilo kunye nembali yendawo eyakhiweyo," ababhali bongezelela.
Baphinde bagxininisa ukuba uhlalutyo lwenziwe ngokuthelekisa isizukulwana sonyaka kunye nokusetyenziswa. Nangona le ndlela ibalulekile ekuqikeleleni amandla apheleleyo okuvelisa amandla e-PV, ayikwazi ukuvelisa kwakhona ukuziphatha kwexesha langempela leenkqubo ze-PV ezixhunyiwe kwigridi, apho ibhalansi phakathi kwesizukulwana kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza. Enyanisweni, iiprofayili zokusetyenziswa kwamandla eziqhelekileyo zezakhiwo zokuhlala zikhokelela kumazinga okuzisebenzisa ngokwakho kwi-20-40% kwiinkqubo ze-PV ngaphandle kokugcinwa.
Ukwenza uhlalutyo olubanzi ngakumbi, kuya kufuneka ukuba ube nokufikelela kwisizukulwana semihla ngemihla kunye neegophe zokusetyenziswa kwesakhiwo ngasinye ngesisombululo seyure, okanye nokuba ngcono, isisombululo semizuzwana embalwa, esiya kwandisa ubungakanani bofakelo ukunyusa ukuzisebenzisela, iqela lophando laqukumbela.
Lo mxholo ukhuselwe yi-copyright kwaye awunakuphinda usetyenziswe. Ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisana nathi kwaye ungathanda ukuphinda usebenzise omnye umxholo wethu, nceda uqhagamshelane: editors@pv-magazine.com.
Umthombo ovela pv imagazini
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