I-Ins kunye neMiphandle yoRhwebo lwase-Australia kwi-Wake of Pandemic

Ukuthatha okuQatha:

• Iziphazamiso ze-COVID-19 kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe ziyehla, zinika abathumeli bangaphandle ngamathuba okwandisa iimarike zabo zamazwe ngamazwe.

• Kuya kuba lula ukufumana amagalelo phesheya kwakhona, kuxhamlisa abavelisi abangenisa amagalelo, kodwa kuthintelwa amashishini ajongene nokhuphiswano olumandla oluvela kubavelisi bamanye amazwe.

• Ngelixa kucacile ukuba urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe luloyisile iziphazamiso zobhubhani we-COVID-19, amathuba amatsha kunye nezoyikiso ziye zaziveza kubarhwebi base-Australia kunye nabathumela ngaphandle, beyitshintsha kakhulu inkangeleko yorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe.

Kwisiqingatha sokuqala sika-2020, ubhubhani we-COVID-19 akazinzanga iimarike zehlabathi kunye bonelela ngemixokelelwane. Impembelelo ibiphindwe kabini. Okokuqala, iifektri ezivalayo okanye ezisebenza ngezakhono ezincitshisiweyo zenza buthathaka amazinga emveliso, ngakumbi e-China, okukhokelela ekulibazisekeni kokuhanjiswa kunye nobunzima bokufumana iimveliso. Okwesibini, ukunyuka kwemfuno yempahla kucinezele uthungelwano lwezothutho olwalujongene neziphumo zamanyathelo othintelo losulelo kubasebenzi nakwimisebenzi. Impembelelo kwimizi-mveliso yaseOstreliya yayahlukahlukene, abanye bade baxhamla kurhwebo oluphantsi.

Ngelixa ezinye zeziphazamiso zobhubhane zisaqhubeka, akukho mathandabuzo ukuba urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe lubuyile ekudodobaleni kwe-COVID-19. Ngapha koko, ixabiso leempahla kunye neenkonzo zokurhweba zase-Australia ze-2021-22 ligqithise kakhulu i-benchmarks ebekwe kwi-2018-19. Ixabiso lilonke lempahla kunye neenkonzo ezithunyelwa ngaphandle nezithunyelwa ngaphandle ngo-2021-22 zaziphezulu nge-18.1% xa kuthelekiswa no-2018-19, ngaphambi kokuba ubhubhani we-COVID-19 wothuse urhwebo lwehlabathi. Okunye koku kukhula kunokubalelwa kukunyuka kwamaxabiso eemveliso. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuphinda kubuyiswe kurhwebo lwamazwe aphesheya ubukhulu becala kuye kwavela kugonyo oluxhaphakileyo lwe-COVID-19 olunciphisa ukuxhaphaka kokuvalwa kokuvalwa kunye nezinye izithintelo ezinxulumene nobhubhane.

Ukungenisa ngaphakathi

Ngo-2019-20 kunye no-2020-21, amashishini amaninzi emveliso ajongene nobunzima bokufumana amagalelo kunye neenkonzo ezifunekayo ukuvelisa iimpahla. Umzekelo, a ukunqongophala kwe-semiconductor ibenefuthe elimandla kwiifemu ezikwishishini lokuVelisa iiMoto. Ukunqongophala kobonelelo olufana noku kuchaphazela ishishini elikhawulezayo lokubonelela ngempahla evela phesheya kolwandle, kodwa kukwanefuthe elibi kuqoqosho. Ukwehla kokwenziwa kweemoto kwihlabathi jikelele kuthetha ukuba abaqhubi kuShishino loShishino lweZithuthi kunye noShishino lokuThengisa iMoto ngokuPheleleyo lube nesitokhwe esilinganiselweyo sokuthengiswa kumashishini afana noShishino loThutho eziNdleleni. Lo ngumzekelo nje omnye wendlela eyenzeka kumacandelo awohlukeneyo oqoqosho emva kokuqhambuka kwe-COVID-19.

Kuthetha ukuthini ukubuyisela izinto kumazwe angaphandle kumashishini aseOstreliya?

Ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwezorhwebo kuza njengeendaba ezamkelekileyo kumashishini aseOstreliya angenisa amagalelo awo kubavelisi baphesheya kweelwandle. Umzekelo, ukubonelelwa kwehlabathi jikelele ngezinto zokwakha, ezinje ngamaplanga, intsimbi kunye neglasi, kuye kwabetha abaqhubi Ulwahlulo lokwakha nzima. Unikezelo oluncinci lwala magalelo luphazamise umsebenzi wokwakha kwaye lwabeka uxinzelelo olunyukayo kwiindleko zokuthenga, ezithatha ngaphezu kwesiqingatha seendleko zecandelo loKwakha. Ngokukodwa, olu xinzelelo lubetha i House Construction ishishini nzima, inegalelo ekunyukeni kwendlela yokutshona kwamatyala phakathi kwabasebenzi.

Ukunciphisa iziphazamiso kurhwebo kufuneka kubonelele ngethuba kubarhwebi abavela kumazwe angaphandle ukuba bathenge amagalelo aphantsi ngokuvula ukhetho olukhulu kubaboneleli bamazwe angaphandle. Olu khetho lwandisiweyo lwababoneleli lunyusa amandla amaxabiso kubathengi kwaye luthomalalise uxinzelelo kumashishini athembele kakhulu kumagalelo asuka kumazwe angaphandle. Iifemu ezinokuthi zisebenzise la mandla anyukileyo okuthenga zinokunciphisa iindleko zazo zemveliso kwaye zandise imida yazo.

Ngokwahlukileyo, oku kunyuka komsebenzi wokungenisa elizweni kuya kuchaphazela kakubi amashishini ase-Australia akhuphisana nokungeniswa ngaphandle. Njengoko ukunyuka kweendleko zothutho kunye nobunzima bokufumana iimpahla ezivela phesheya kolwandle kubetha amashishini aseOstreliya, iifemu ezininzi ziye zanda ekufumaneni iimveliso zasekhaya, imfuno ekhulayo yeefemu ezibonelela ngeOstreliya. Amashishini emveliso aliqela akhuphisana kakhulu nezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kwaye ngokuyintloko abonelela ngentengiso yangaphakathi efumene ingeniso eyandisiweyo ngo-2020-21, kubandakanya:

• Ukwenziwa kweMveliso yeeMveliso eziLukiweyo ezisikiweyo kunye nokuthungwa
• Ukuveliswa kwezihlangu
• Ukwenziwa kweZixhobo zoNyango kunye noTyando
• Oomatshini bezoLimo kunye nokuVeliswa kweZixhobo
• Ukwenziwa koMatrasi

Njengoko lusiba luphazamiso lwekhonkco lonikezelo, olu ncedo lwexeshana kukhuphiswano lokungenisa elizweni lunokuncipha. Nangona kunjalo, ubudlelwane obutsha phakathi kwabathumeli bangaphandle kunye nababoneleli basekhaya banokunika ababoneleli ngethuba lokuqhubeka nobudlelwane kwixesha elizayo ngokunikezela ngenkonzo ephezulu kunye neemveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu.

Ukuthumela ngaphandle

Amashishini amaninzi kwezolimo, amahlathi nokuloba, imigodi kunye namacandelo emveliso afumana inxalenye ebalulekileyo yengeniso yawo evela kwiimarike zamazwe angaphandle. Ngexesha lamanqanaba okuqala obhubhane, iinkampani ezithumela ngaphandle ziye zasokola ukuhambisa iimveliso kwiimarike zamazwe aphesheya ngexabiso eliphantsi nangexesha elifanelekileyo ngenxa yokunqongophala komthamo wokuthuthwa kolwandle nomoya, kunyanzelwa ingeniso.

Kuthetha ntoni ukubuyisela izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kumashishini aseOstreliya?

Ukucuthwa kancinci kokuphazamiseka kunye nokuphinda kuqhagamshelwe amakhonkco onikezelo lwehlabathi kubonelela abathumeli bangaphandle ithuba lokuxhamla kwimfuno evaliweyo yempahla kunye neenkonzo zase-Australia. Ngokukodwa, icandelo lezeMigodi lixhamle kulo imfuno enamandla kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso. I-Australia ingumrhwebi othunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, malunga ne-70% ukuya kwi-75% yemveliso yecandelo lezeMigodi ethunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle nyaka ngamnye. Ingeniso yokuthumela ngaphandle yehlile kwicandelo loshishino lwezolimo kule minyaka mibini ukuya kutsho ngo-2020-21. Nangona kunjalo, imfuno eyomeleleyo yaphesheya kweemveliso zase-Australia kunye neemeko ezifanelekileyo zokukhula kwasekhaya kulindeleke ukuba ziqhube ukukhula kokuthumela ngaphandle kule minyaka mibini ukuya kutsho ngo-2022-23.

Ukongeza ekufumaneni kwakhona amakhonkco obonelelo aququzelela ukukhula korhwebo, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kunokuxhamlisa abavelisi bempahla ehlala ixesha elide abangakwaziyo ukuthengisa iimveliso ngexesha lobhubhane. Abanye abathengisi bangaphandle bangakwazi ukuthengisa iimpahla ngamaxabiso aphezulu kunokuba bebenokwenza kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo, njengoko uxinzelelo lokunyuka kwamaxabiso lusasazeka kuqoqosho lwehlabathi lonke.

Ngelixa ezi iziindaba ezimnandi kubathengisi bangaphandle, isenokuba ziindaba ezimbi kwiifemu zasekhaya ezixhamle kubathengisi bangaphandle ababonelela ngemarike yangaphakathi ngelixa ukufikelela kwabo kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe bekuthintelwe. Umzekelo, imizi-mveliso yasekhaya ethenga imathiriyeli ekrwada kwicandelo lezeMigodi kunye necandelo loshishino lwezolimo inokuthinteleka, njengoko ababoneleli babo befumana imfuno kwakhona kwaye banokukhupha amaxabiso aphezulu kubathengi baphesheya kweelwandle. Imizekelo yale mizi mveliso ichaphazelekayo ibandakanya:

• Ukunyibilikiswa kwentsimbi kunye nokuveliswa kwentsimbi
• Ukuveliswa koMbane weFosili
• Ukubonelelwa ngegesi
• Amashishini okuvelisa imveliso yokutya
• Amashishini okuvelisa iziselo

Imbuyekezo yemfuno evela kwiimarike zangaphandle inokuqhuba iifemu ezithumela ngaphandle ukuba zinyuse amaxabiso kunye nokunciphisa unikezelo kwiifemu zasekhaya. Le mizi-mveliso yasekhaya kufuneka ilulungiselele olu tshintsho kwaye iphonononge ezinye iinketho zabo zokubonelela, ezifana nokungenisa kumazwe angaphandle.

Imbonakalo yomhlaba eguqukayo

Ngelixa kukhuselekile ukuthi urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe lwase-Australia lubuyile, imeko yangoku yorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe 'ayiqhelekanga' nangayiphi na indlela. Izehlo zale minyaka mithathu idlulileyo zikuchaphazele kakhulu ukwakhiwa komsebenzi worhwebo wamazwe ngamazwe e-Australia, ngokuziphatha kwabathengi, amakhonkco obonelelo kunye nokwabiwa kwendawo yorhwebo olutshintsha ngokusisiseko. Iifemu kufuneka ziqhubeke nokuziqhelanisa, njengoko ubhubhani we-COVID-19 udale izoyikiso ezininzi kurhwebo, njengokunqongophala kwabasebenzi, amaxabiso aphezulu othutho, kunye nokubakho kokuqhambuka kwe-COVID-19 ukuphazamisa imveliso kumazwe angaphandle, kwaye izoyikiso ezitsha ziyaqhubeka nokuvela, njengengxabano yaseRussia-Ukraine kunye nokungavisisani kwezorhwebo neTshayina.

Atshintshe njani amakhonkco obonelelo?

Kwangexesha elide, eyona nto iphambili kwiifemu xa zilawula uthungelwano lwazo yayikukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokunciphisa iindleko. Ubhubhani we-COVID-19 unyanzelise amashishini ukuba aphinde acinge ngesi sicwangciso njengoko esazi ukuba usengozini kangakanani na kuphazamiso lwehlabathi. Ngelixa ukuncitshiswa kweendleko kusafuneka, ukuhanjiswa kwe-agility kunye nokuqina kuye kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba iifemu zinokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwiziganeko ezingalindelekanga kwaye ziphephe intlekele.

Iifemu zinokuphucula ukomelela kwazo ngokutshintsha uthungelwano lwazo lokubonelela. Kubalulekile ukuba ungavavanyi umngcipheko kumthombo ongundoqo kuphela, kodwa ukuvavanya umngcipheko kumanqanaba amaninzi ekhonkco lokubonelela. Ukusetyenziswa kothungelwano lonikezelo lwedijithali lunokunceda amashishini anciphise ukuba sesichengeni kwamakhonkco awo okubonelela. Abarhwebi abavela kumazwe angaphandle kunye nabathumela ngaphandle baye banda ukubonakala phakathi kwamakhonkco abo okubonelela ngokukhawulezisa unikezelo lweenguqu zedijithali. Oku kubavumela ukuba bafumane ulwazi oluchanekileyo nolusexesheni, olubalulekileyo ekwenzeni izigqibo ngokukhawuleza nangempumelelo.

Itshintshe njani indlela yokuziphatha kwabathengi?

Ekuqaleni kobhubhane, abaninzi babecinga ukuba ukwehla komsebenzi worhwebo kuya kukhokelela ekuhleni kwehlabathi kunye nokwehla kwenkcitho yabathengi. Kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo, iintsingiselo ziye zangqina ukuba ezo ngqikelelo ziphosakele. Ngokutsho kwe-ABS, inkcitho yekhaya inyuke nge-18.4% kwisithuba seenyanga ezili-12 ukuya kuJulayi ka-2022, nangona ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kunye nokunyuka kwamazinga enzala kunyuse iindleko zoxinzelelo lokuphila kubathengi.

ISalathiso Senkcitho Yasekhaya ngoku sodlula imilinganiselo yangaphambi kobhubhane kulo lonke udidi lwenkcitho. Imfuno eyomeleleyo yorhwebo lweempahla, ukongeza kwiziphumo zasemva kobhubhani we-COVID-19, inyuse amaxabiso othutho kwihlabathi liphela. Amaxabiso aphezulu othutho aqhubeleka ukucela umngeni kumashishini abandakanyeka kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, esoloko ewatyhala ukuba adlule ezo ndleko zinyuka ezantsi ukunqanda ukuqinisa imida yengeniso.

Itshintshe njani imimandla yorhwebo?

Ukusasazwa ngokwejografi kurhwebo lwaseOstreliya lutshintshe kakhulu. Kwi-2018-19, i-China yabalelwa kwi-36.0% ye-Ostreliya ethunyelwa ngaphandle, yehla kwi-32.1% kwi-2021-22. Ukungavisisani kwezorhwebo kukhokelele ekunyukeni kwamaxabiso, kwaye kwezinye iimeko ukuvalwa ngokupheleleyo, kwezinye iimveliso zaseOstreliya. Olu tshintsho lunyanzelise abanye abarhwebi ukuba bafumane amanye amaqabane orhwebo.

Amazwe akummandla we-Asia-Pacific ebengawona mahlakani akhulayo eOstreliya akhula arhweba kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, kwaye lo mkhwa uye wakhawuleza ngexesha lobhubhani we-COVID-19. Uninzi lwamazwe kulo mmandla luqoqosho olukhula ngokukhawuleza kwihlabathi kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba aqhubekeke ukuba ngamaqabane abalulekileyo orhwebo e-Australia kule minyaka ilishumi izayo. Abarhwebi kunye nabathumela ngaphandle abajolise kwezi marike bangakwazi ukufumana amathuba amatsha okunciphisa iindleko kunye nokuseka intsebenziswano ethembekileyo yorhwebo.

imbonakalo

Ubhubhani we-COVID-19 ubangele utshintsho oluninzi kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, kwaye ngelixa kungaziwa ukuba kuya kuhlala phi kule minyaka mihlanu izayo, kuqinisekile ukuba imbonakalo yomhlaba ayizukubuyela kwinto ebiyiyo ngo-2018-19. Ukukhula kuya kucotha kule minyaka imbalwa izayo njengoko iziphumo zokubuyela umva kobhubhani zincipha. Nangona kunjalo, iOstreliya kusenokwenzeka ukuba ihlale ililizwe elixhomekeke kakhulu kurhwebo. Imingcipheko emitsha kunye namathuba amashishini aya kuthi gqolo evela ngenxa yoqoqosho lwehlabathi lwase-Australia oluphezulu.

Umthombo ovela Ibisworld

Ukuziphendulela: Ulwazi oluchazwe ngasentla lunikezelwa yi-Ibisworld ngaphandle kwe-Chovm.com. I-Chovm.com ayenzi lumelo kunye neziqinisekiso malunga nomgangatho kunye nokuthembeka komthengisi kunye neemveliso.