Amandla ahlaziyekayo kunye nemithombo yawo

Amandla ahlaziyekayo okanye azinzileyo yimveliso yeenkqubo zendalo kwaye azalise rhoqo. Imithombo yala mandla ayinakuphela, njengelanga. Kodwa kukho umda kuhlaziyo lwamandla olukhoyo kwiyunithi nganye yexesha. Ngenxa yobonelelo lwamandla olusebenzayo kunye nemveliso eqhubekayo, amandla ahlaziyekayo yeyona ndlela ilungileyo kweyona mithombo ixhaphakileyo engagcinekiyo, njengamalahle.

Ulwazi lwehlabathi malunga namandla ahlaziyekayo lukhula ngokukhawuleza. I-Arhente yezaMandla yaMazwe ngaMazwe ilindele amandla ahlaziyekayo ukuba anyuke ngaphezulu kwe-8% ngo-2022 xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka ophelileyo. Iya kutyhala nge-300 GW amanqaku okokuqala.

Inkxalabo yokusingqongileyo sesona sizathu sibangela ukukhula okukhulu kwamandla ahlaziyekayo. Imithombo yala mandla iya kuba yinto ephambili yeli nqaku.

Isiqulatho
Ukukhula kokusetyenziswa kunye nefuthe lamandla ahlaziyekayo
Imithombo emine eqhelekileyo yamandla ahlaziyekayo
isiphelo

Ukukhula kokusetyenziswa kunye nefuthe lamandla ahlaziyekayo

Ukuphonononga ukukhula okubonakalayo kwamandla avuselelekayo kusinika isizathu esivakalayo sokuba nethemba malunga nendlela enokukhawuleza ngayo ukuhlangabezana neenjongo zemozulu zangoku. Kwi Ujongo lwaMandla woNyaka ka-2022, I-EIA ibikezela ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo e-US kuya kuqhubeka nokunyuka nge-2050.

Ngeli xesha, ukukhula kwamandla ohlaza kwangoku kuthetha ukuba umhlaba unama-295 GW womthamo wamandla ahlaziyekayo, ngokwe-EIA. Oku kuchazwe kwiQonga lezoQoqosho leHlabathi leNgcaciso yeNguqulelo yaMandla asebenzayo ka-2021 njengengxelo “njengokukhawulezisa okungazange kubonwe ngaphambili” kwiminyaka yakutshanje.

La manani alatha kuhlumo olunokwenzeka kwicandelo lamandla ahlaziyekayo.

Imithombo emine eqhelekileyo yamandla ahlaziyekayo

Amandla ahlaziyekayo litikiti lethu lekamva eliluhlaza. Ukutshintshela kumandla ahlaziyekayo ngundoqo wokusombulula ingxaki yemozulu kunye nokunqongophala kwamandla kwingingqi. Amandla e-photovoltaic elanga yenye yezona ndlela zidumileyo zamandla avuselelekayo. Ukongeza koku, inani leminye imithombo yamandla ikwangqina amandla abo.

Nantsi imithombo embalwa eqhelekileyo yamandla ahlaziyekayo ekufuneka wonke umntu uyazi ngayo:

 Amandla esola

Amandla elanga sele ekhona ixesha elide kunokuba sinokucinga. Iseli yelanga yokuqala yaveliswa eFransi ngowe-1839!

Ukunikezelwa konyaka wokufumanisa kwayo, kuyavakala ukuba kutheni amandla elanga yenye yezona ndlela zihlanjululweyo zamandla avuselelekayo namhlanje. Esinye isizathu sokusetyenziswa kwayo kwinqanaba elibanzi kubuninzi bayo. Ngokutsho kweZizwe eziManyeneyo, izinga apho uMhlaba uthintela amandla elanga 10000 amaxesha amakhulu kunesantya uluntu olusebenzisa ngalo amandla.

Unjingalwazi weMIT, uWashington Taylor, kutshanje malunga namandla amakhulu ombane welanga. Qwalasela oku: ubushushu belanga obugubungela i-10% leentlango zehlabathi lunokuvelisa i-15 terawatts zamandla. Oku kulingana nokukhula okuqikelelweyo kwemfuno yamandla kwihlabathi jikelele kwisiqingatha senkulungwane ezayo.

Iinzuzo zokusebenzisa amandla elanga

Isixa esikhulu se Amandla esola iqaqamba rhoqo eMhlabeni. Nangona kunjalo, kulucelomngeni ukuyijika ibe ngumthombo osebenzisekayo ngesantya soqoqosho. Ukuba isetyenziswe ngobulumko, amandla elanga anokuzisa ezi zibonelelo zilandelayo:

• Ayikhuphi ikhabhoni eninzi njengamafutha efosili kwinkqubo yokuvelisa umbane.
• Bubutyebi obungenasiphelo.
• Iiphaneli zelanga kunye neeseli kulula ukuzigcina.
• Iigridi zelanga zinomngcipheko ophantsi wokucima umbane.
• Iipaneli zelanga zivumela ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu.

Ngexesha elizayo, xa umntu ebuza, "Ngaba amandla elanga anokuvuselelwa?," Baxelele ukuba yenye yezona ndlela zingenabungozi zamandla ezikhoyo emhlabeni.

Iindleko kunye nokwamkelwa kwamandla elanga

Uhlahlelo lweNdleko lwaMandla onyaka kaLazard oluPhambili lubonise ukuba ukufakela amaziko ombane amatsha elanga kunokufikelela kwi-10 yeedola nge-MWh ngexabiso eliphantsi kwezinye iimeko kunokuqhubeka nokuqhuba amaziko akhoyo asebenza ngamalahle.

Amazwe afana ne-USA kunye ne-UK axhumele kwi-solar bandwagon kwakudala. Baqonda amandla amakhulu ombane welanga kunye nesibheno sayo sezoqoqosho. Inkulumbuso yase-UK u-Boris Johnson kutshanje ukhuphe iSicwangciso soKhuseleko lwezaMandla selizwe. Watsho ukuba ngo-2035, ilizwe liya kwandisa amandla alo ombane welanga ngokuphindwe ka-5 ukusuka kwi-14 GW njengoko limi ngoku.

Ukongeza, kukho amandla amakhulu elanga eYurophu nakuMbindi Mpuma. Amazwe akuMbindi Mpuma nakuMntla Afrika (MENA) aphuhlisa iiprojekthi ezinkulu zamandla ahlaziyekayo ngoncedo lwabatyali-mali kunye nemibutho ye-EU.

Ngoku kukho iiprojekthi ezingama-35 zombane welanga kummandla we-MENA. Ngo-2050, ezi zityalo zinokuzalisekisa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-15% yeemfuno zombane zaseYurophu kwaye zibonelele nge-carbon-free power. Kwangaxeshanye, uMzantsi Melika uye waba ngummandla ophambili wokuvelisa amandla ahlaziyekayo (Mordor Intelligence). Umthamo wayo wamandla elanga kulindeleke ukuba ukhule ngaphaya kwe-280 GW ngo-2050. Oku kungenxa yokukhanya kwelanga kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente exhasayo.

Ezi zibakala zenza kucace ukuba amandla elanga likamva wonke umntu kufuneka aphande kwaye azilungiselele.

Amandla omoya

Amandla ephiko abandakanya ukubamba amandla e-kinetic kunye nokuwaguqula abe ngumbane. Ekubeni ivela kwinkqubo yendalo, ihlelwa njengamandla avuselelekayo. Akukho thuba lokuba uMhlaba uphelelwe ngumoya.

Ngokutsho IMarike yeGlobal edadayo yoMoya kunye neNgxelo yoQoqosho, ngaphezulu kwe-26.2 GW yomthamo womoya odadayo kude nonxweme imiselwe ukwakhiwa ngo-2035 kwiplanethi iphela. Abaphuhlisi kumazwe afana nePortugal neJapan benza amalungiselelo okuvavanya itekhnoloji. Kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, amandla omoya ase-US akhule nge-15% ngonyaka. Kwaye ngoku, ngowona mthombo wamandla ahlaziyekayo omkhulu elizweni. Ubume bayo obungenabungozi, obungunaphakade bunyuse ukwamkelwa kwayo. Ngaphezu koko, amandla omoya anokumisa malunga ne-12.3 GT yeegesi zegreenhouse ngo-2050.

Ngezi zizathu, amandla omoya yenye yeyona mithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo ukukhawulelana nemfuno yamandla yehlabathi.

Amandla ombane

Amandla eGeothermal luhlobo lwamandla ahlaziyekayo atsalwa kumbindi woMhlaba. Ivela kubushushu obuveliswa ngexesha lokubunjwa kokuqala kweplanethi kunye nokubola kwe-radioactive yezinto zayo.

Ngokwe-US Energy Information Administration (EIA), amandla aveliswa kwizityalo ze-geothermal kulindeleke ukuba anyuke ukusuka kwi-17 billion kWh ngo-2020 ukuya kwi-49.8 billion kWh ngo-2050. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngokuthe ngqo kubandakanya ukufudumeza kwesithili kunye nendawo, i-aquaculture, i-greenhouses, kunye neenkqubo zorhwebo zokuvelisa.

Impembelelo entle ye-geothermal energy eMhlabeni sesona sizathu sokwamkelwa kwawo ngokubanzi. Ingxelo ye-US DOE yaManzi eSebenzayo ngokuSebenza kwaMandla oMthombo we-Geothermal yafumanisa ukuba nyaka ngamnye, amandla e-geothermal ase-US ayathomalalisa ukukhutshwa kweetoni ezingama-80,000 zenitrogen oxides kunye ne-4.1 yezigidi zeetoni zecarbon dioxide.

Ngaphandle koncedo oluninzi lwamandla e-geothermal, okwangoku iphuhliswa ikakhulu ngoorhulumente abaxhasa iiprojekthi, kunye namaqumrhu amashishini anqabile ukuba aphuhlise kwaye akhuthaze usetyenziso olukhulu ngokwawo.

Umbhobho wamanzi

I-Hydropower isebenzisa amandla okuhambisa amanzi ukusuka phezulu ukuya kwindawo ephantsi. Ngomnye wemithombo yamandla ehlaziyekayo emidala eMhlabeni, awathi amafama aqale ayisebenzisa kwimisebenzi yomatshini efana nokusila. Baye bafumanisa le ndlela yokuhlaziya amandla kwaye bayisebenzise ukunika amandla imisebenzi yabo esisiseko.

Ukuya phambili ukuza kuthi ga kulo mhla, kwaye umbane owenziwe ngamanzi uye waba ngowona mthombo wamandla ohlaziyekayo weplanethi. Ubuchwephesha bombane obuncinci bokuvelisa umbane yenye indlela yoncedo lwamadama amakhulu. Oku kubangele ukukhula kwe imakethi encinci yombane wamanzi, ekulindeleke ukuba idlule kwi-3 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika ngo-2024.

La mandla ahlaziyekayo azisa ezinye izibonelelo ezininzi ngaphandle kokuveliswa kwamandla. Ilawula izikhukula, ixhasa ukunkcenkceshela, kwaye ibonelela ngamanzi acocekileyo okusela. Ufakelo lwezityalo zombane oveliswa ngamanzi luyafikeleleka kwaye lunokomelela okuphezulu xa kuthelekiswa neminye imithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo.

isiphelo

Ukukhawuleza okucacileyo kwehlabathi kumandla ahlaziyekayo kuthetha ukusebenza kwayo. UMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (i-WHO) ufumanise ukuba i-99% yabantu ehlabathini baphefumla umoya ongaphezulu kwemida yomgangatho womoya. Umthombo wamandla ahlaziyekayo osebenzayo nothembekileyo uyafuneka ukwahluka kokhetho lonikezelo lwamandla.

Eli nqaku libandakanya imithombo ebalulekileyo yamandla ahlaziyekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba abantu banokuqonda ngakumbi xa bekhetha umthombo wabo wamandla. Yiya ngaphaya kwemiba efana neendleko kunye neenzuzo ukwenza ukhetho olufanelekileyo. Kwakhona, khangela Chovm.com ngeendaba zamva nje kwicandelo lamandla ahlaziyekayo.