Iindlela ezintandathu zokuPakisha zePlastiki ezimangalisayo

Iplastiki inika inketho esebenzayo ngakumbi xa ithelekiswa nezinye izinto zokupakisha. Endaweni yokusebenzisa ngaphezulu kweeponti ezingamashumi amane zeglasi ukuthutha iziselo okanye ngaphezulu, amashishini anokuwenza umsebenzi ngeeponti ezimbini zeplastiki.

Umahluko ucacile! Kwaye iimpawu zinokugcina iindleko ngokutyala imali kwiplastiki. Nazi iiplastiki ezintlanu eziphawulekayo iindlela zokupakisha ukucingela.

Isiqulatho
Isishwankathelo semarike yokupakisha yeplastiki
Iindlela zokupakisha ezi-6 zeplastiki ezitshintsha imarike
Amazwi okugqibela

Isishwankathelo semarike yokupakisha yeplastiki

Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo ubone ukunyuka okubukhali kokusetyenziswa kweplastiki kwihlabathi jikelele. Ngokutsho kophando, iingcali ziqikelela ukusetyenziswa kweplastiki yehlabathi ukuba Izigidi ezingama-460 zeetriki. Okubangela umdla kukuba, ishishini lokupakisha libambe indawo ephambili, libalelwa ngaphezulu kwe-31% yoqikelelo lulonke.

Iplastiki inokupakisha phantse yonke into, kuquka ulwelo, umgubo, izinto eziqinileyo, kunye nesemi-solids. Ngesi sizathu, amashishini ahlukeneyo ayawakhetha kunezinye iindlela ezifana nephepha, intsimbi kunye neglasi.

Njengoko iimfuno zokutya okutsha, iimpahla ezitshabalalayo, kunye nezinye iimveliso ezifanayo zihlala zisanda, abathengisi bamkela iindlela ezicwangcisiweyo, ezikhaphukhaphu, kunye nezibhetyebhetye zokupakisha. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, icandelo leplastiki linandipha isantya sokwandisa ngokukhawuleza.

Ngaphandle kweenkxalabo ezikhulayo malunga neengozi zokusingqongileyo zokupakishwa kweplastiki, imarike isabonisa indlela esebenzayo yokukhusela iimpahla ngexesha lokuthunyelwa. Nokuba kunjalo, ukupakishwa kwesintu kunokutshintsha iiplastiki ukuba amaxabiso okurisayikilishwa awaphucuki.

Ngo-2021, iingcali zixabisa imarike yokupakisha yeplastiki kuyo $ 355 billion. Balindele ukuba ishishini likhule kwi-CAGR ye-4.2% CAGR ukusuka ngo-2022 ukuya ku-2030. $ 130 billion ngo-2026, ebonisa ukuba i-bioplastics iya kuba nefuthe kakhulu kwimarike yokupakisha yeplastiki.

Ke ngoko, amashishini kufuneka amkele ezi zinto zintsha ukunyusa ukungena kwawo kumashishini ahlukeneyo kwaye ahlangabezane neemfuno zabathengi bawo ngelixa ehlisa inkunkuma.

Iindlela zokupakisha ezi-6 zeplastiki ezitshintsha imarike

Ukupakishwa kweplastiki ye-Biodegradable

Iplastiki ebolisiweyo ithatha kancinci kancinci kwimakethi yokupakisha njengoko abathengisi abaninzi betshintshela kwizisombululo eco-friendly. Le khompawundi yokwenziwa inokubola ngokuhamba kwexesha ngeendlela zebhayoloji kwaye ijike ibe yikharbon diokside, amanzi, kunye ne-biomass.

Ubunakho bepolymer bukhethekileyo bokuthoba ngokwendalo bunika umphetho ngaphezulu kwezinye iiplastiki, iyenza ibe yenye yezona zinto zikhethwayo zokupakisha. Ezinye iintlobo ziquka i-polylactic acid (PLA), iiplastiki ezisekelwe kwi-cellulose, i-polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), kunye nezityalo ze-starch blends.

Kuthatha kuphela phakathi kweenyanga ezintathu ukuya kwezintandathu ukuba iiplastiki ezibolayo zibole—ngokuchaneka rhoqo kukukhanya okanye ioksijini. Ngokwahlukileyo, kuthatha iipolima eziqhelekileyo malunga newaka leminyaka ukufikelela kwinqanaba elifanayo lokuthotywa.

Nangona iiplastiki ezinokuguquguquka kwebhayoloji zinokuthatha indawo yeepolima eziqhelekileyo kulo lonke udidi, iindleko zazo eziphezulu zithintela uninzi lwamashishini ekutshintsheni ukupakisha.

Nokuba kunjalo, iipolymers ze-biodegradable zixhaphakile ngaphakathi ukupakisha ukutya. Eminye imizekelo eqhelekileyo ibandakanya iibhegi zokuthwala, izikhongozeli zokuthatha, kunye neekomityi zekofu.

Amashishini nawo angatyala imali kuwo iingxowa zeplastiki ezinokubola. Abavelisi bahlala besebenzisa ezi polima zokwenziwa ukwenza iibhegi zokuthenga, ukupakisha, kunye nezinye iingxowa ezisetyenziswa kanye.

 Polypropylene (PP) iplastiki

I-Polypropylene yi-thermoplastic eyomeleleyo, eqinileyo, eyenziwe nge-propene monomer. Nangona iqinile kancinci, i-polypropylene yenye yezona zinto zikhaphukhaphu kwi-thermoplastics. Ngaphezu koko, ibonelela ngoxinaniso oluphantsi, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, kunye neempawu zokugxotha amanzi.

Abavelisi basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenza i-polypropylene. Banokwenza iplastiki icoceke, iqiniswe ngeentsinga zendalo, okanye ngeentsinga zeglasi ezimfutshane nezinde. Obunye ubuchule bubandakanya ukubumba ukuvuthela kunye ne-sheet thermoforming.

I-PP ifanelekile ezininzi zokupakisha izicelo ngenxa yokucaca kwayo okuphezulu, ukuhanjiswa komphunga ophantsi wokufuma, iipropathi ezilungileyo zesithintelo, ukomelela okuphezulu, ukugqiba kakuhle komphezulu, kunye nokufikeleleka. Amashishini angayisebenzisa kwiimveliso zokutya, impilo, ukhathalelo lomntu, unyango kunye ne-labware iindidi. Okubangela umdla kukuba, banokusebenzisa polypropylene ukupakisha ezinye iimveliso ezininzi.

Nangona iphinda isetyenziswe ngokupheleleyo kwaye inokumelana neekhemikhali ezilungileyo, i-polypropylene isesichengeni sokuhlaselwa kwi-solvents ene-oxidizing kunye ne-microbes.

Iplastiki yePolypropylene isebenza ngokukodwa kwishishini lokutya. Ingasetyenziselwa izikhongozeli zebakala lokutya njengeebhotile zamayeza, iikomityi zeyogathi, kunye neebhabhu zemajarini.

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) iplastiki

I-Polyvinyl chloride, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-PVC okanye i-vinyl, yinto yesithathu ngobukhulu ye-thermoplastic ehlabathini ngokomthamo, ecaleni kwe-polyethylene kunye ne-polypropylene. Yinto eyomeleleyo kunye ne-brittle efika kwi-granules okanye ifom yomgubo.

Ukongeza, iPVC ilula, iyabiza, kwaye iguquguquka kakhulu, ivumela amashishini ukuba iimveliso zephakheji ngaphandle koloyiko. Okubangela umdla, ukupakishwa kwe-polyvinyl chloride iyamelana nomonakalo webhayoloji kunye neekhemikhali.

Nangona i-PVC ubukhulu becala iguquguqukayo okanye iqinile, amashishini anokuthenga ezinye iindidi ezifana ne-chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC), i-PVC ejoliswe kwi-molecular, kunye noguquko olulungisiweyo (ngokuqhelekileyo lwenzelwe izicelo ezithile).

Amashishini anokusebenzisa ukupakishwa kweplastiki yePVC kumayeza angathinteliyo, iiclamshell, iibhegi zokupakisha ezinobunzima, kunye nokushwabana kokusonga.

I-PVC yeyona nto incinci yokupakishwa kweplastiki eco-friendly njengoko imiba eshiyekileyo iyityhefu ebantwini, izilwanyana kunye nokusingqongileyo. Nangona kunjalo, yenza izinto zokwakha ezigqwesileyo kunye nezokwakha emva kokurisayikilishwa.

Okubangela umdla kukuba, abathengisi banokusebenzisa iifilimu zePVC njengokwelula kunye nokushwabana okusongayo kubathengi nakwimpahla yeshishini. Basenokusebenza njenge pallet wraps.

Iplastiki ye-polyethylene ephezulu (i-HDPE).

I-polyethylene ephezulu, okanye i-HDPE, iplastiki eguquguqukayo kakhulu kunye nezicelo ezininzi-ukusuka ekwenzeni iibhobho ukuya kwiibhotile zokugcina. Ikwaziwa kakhulu ngamandla ayo akhethekileyo okuqina kunye nomlinganiselo wokuqina wokuxinana.

Ukongeza, ukuqina okuphezulu kwe-HDPE kuyenza ibe yenye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo iplastiki ephathekayo izixhobo ezikhoyo. Uninzi lwabavelisi bayisebenzisa ukwenza iijagi zobisi, iibhotile zeshampu, iibhodi zokusika, kunye nezinye iibhotile zeplastiki.

Amandla ayo aqinileyo, umhlwa- kunye nokumelana nempembelelo, kunye nendawo ephezulu yokunyibilika kuyenza ibe ntle kakhulu kwimibhobho engaphantsi komhlaba. I-HDPE ikwazenza nezikhongozeli ezomeleleyo zezinyibilikisi, iiasidi, iiarhente zokucoca, kunye noninzi lweekhemikhali.

I-HDPE yenye indlela esebenzayo yoku izinto zokupakisha ezinzima kwaye ifanelekile kumashishini afuna amandla kunye nokusingqongileyo-nobuhlobo kwiphakheji enye yeplastiki.

Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kweplastiki ye-HDPE kukuvelisa ibhotile yokugcina. Ezi bhotile zinokubamba ulwelo oluninzi, kubandakanya ubisi, i-conditioners, ioyile yemoto, iiblitshi, kunye neshampu.

Polyethylene terephthalate (PETE) iplastiki

I-polyethylene terephthalate, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-PETE, okanye i-PET, idume ngokumangalisayo ekuveliseni iibhotile zesiselo. Iplastiki ibonakalisa ukucaca okungenakuthelekiswa nanto, amandla, kunye nomgangatho wothintelo lwerhasi ephezulu. Ngapha koko, iplastiki ye-PET ayinayo impembelelo.

le iplastiki elula ayifuni ukutya okanye iziselo kwaye ikhuselekile ekuhlaselweni ziintsholongwane. I-PETE ayizukonakala ngokwebhayoloji njengeglasi kodwa iyakwazi ukuqhekeka kwaye inokuthuthwa ngakumbi.

Amashishini anokusebenzisa iiplastiki ze-PET ukupakisha iziselo, amanzi, ukunxitywa kwesaladi, i-ketchup, kunye nezinye iimveliso ezingamanzi okanye ezingemanzi. Ezinye iimveliso eziqinileyo ziyahambelana nokupakishwa kweplastiki ye-PETE.

Yintoni egqithisile? I-FDA ivume i-PETE iplastiki yoqhagamshelwano lokutya, kwaye izinzile kwaye iphinda isetyenziswe ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, iplastiki inamandla empembelelo ephantsi kwaye ibuthathaka ekonakalisweni kubushushu kunye neekhemikhali ezinamandla.

Iiplastiki zePET zinokwenza iingxowa zokupakisha izinto zokuthambisa kunye nezinye iimveliso zokhathalelo lomntu. Ngaphezu koko, abathengisi banokwenza ngokulula iipakethi zabo ngokuprinta kunye nemifanekiso. Abathengisi banokusebenzisa ipakethe yeplastiki ye-PET kwizinto ezibhakiweyo.

Iplastiki enyibilikayo emanzini

Omnye umzekelo wepolymer enkulu enokubola yiplastiki enyibilikayo emanzini. Njengoko negama lisitsho, lo mxube wokwenziwa ubola ngokukhawuleza xa udibana namanzi abilayo.

Zenziwe ngaphandle kweentsimbi ezinzima ezinetyhefu, iiplastiki ezinyibilikayo emanzini zisebenza njengeefilim zokusonga ezikhoyo kwiipilisi zokuhlamba iimpahla okanye oomatshini bokuhlamba izitya. Okwangoku, le plastiki iguquguqukayo yenza amaza kwishishini lempahla njengoko abaninzi abavelisi beyisebenzisa ukwenza ubugcisa obusebenzayo. iingxowa zempahla.

Amazwi okugqibela

Ukupakishwa kweplastiki kunika indlela ebalaseleyo yokugcina iimveliso ngaphambi kokuba zifike kumthengi wokugqibela. Amashishini anokunciphisa iindleko kwaye akhusele iimpahla zawo ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokupakisha zeplastiki.

Iplastiki ye-Biodegradable, i-polypropylene, i-polyvinyl chloride, i-polyethylene ephezulu, iplastiki e-soluble yamanzi, kunye ne-polyethylene terephthalate ziindlela zokupakisha zeplastiki zokugxila.