Ulwakhiwo oluhlakaniphile luvelisa umhlaba woyilo lwesakhiwo kunye nokuphunyezwa ngendlela encinci. Inyathelo ngalinye lenkqubo, ukusuka kucwangciso ukuya kwiindawo zemisebenzi, liye laphuculwa ngokongeza ukusebenza kakuhle. Eli nqaku liphonononga ukuba kutheni imakethi yolwakhiwo olukrelekrele yehlabathi ikhula, ijongeka ikhula kangakanani, kwaye kutheni amashishini kufuneka atyale imali kulwakhiwo oluhle. Ngohlalutyo lweengxelo zokukhula zonyaka, iinkampani eziphambili ezisebenza ngaphakathi kwimakethi yokwakha ehlakaniphile, kunye nendlela ulwakhiwo oluhlakaniphile olwenza ubomi bemihla ngemihla bube ngcono, eli nqaku lakha umfanekiso wento enokuthi ibonakale ngathi imarike idlulileyo kwi-2022 nakwixesha elizayo.
Isiqulatho
Yintoni ulwakhiwo olukrelekrele?
Ziziphi izinto zokwakha ezikrelekrele?
Zeziphi iinkampani ezinkulu ezisebenza kwimakethi yokwakha ehlakaniphile?
Ithini imarike yangoku yolwakhiwo olukrelekrele?
Iyintoni imarike yexesha elizayo yolwakhiwo oluhlakaniphile
Yintoni ulwakhiwo olukrelekrele?
Igama elithi “Smart” ligama eliye lisetyenziswe ngakumbi kumashishini amaninzi, kuquka ukhuseleko lwasekhaya, uhlalutyo nolwakhiwo. Oku kudla ngokubhekisa kwizinto ezibonisa uhlobo oluthile oludityanisiweyo kunye ngokuzenzekelayo umsebenzi. Nantsi imizekelo embalwa yereferensi:
- Izakhiwo ezihlakaniphile: Ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa zi-automated okanye izakhiwo ezikrelekrele, ezi zii-edifices eziqulathe itekhnoloji eneengcingo okanye engenazingcingo, kunye neenkqubo zokuphendula ezizenzekelayo.
- Izixeko ezihlakaniphile: Ezi ziindawo ezinkulu, eziqulathe iindawo ezininzi zokuhlala, zonke ezidityaniswe ngaphakathi kuthungelwano oludibeneyo, lonxibelelwano lomnxeba. Izixeko ezihlakaniphile kulindeleke ukuba zikhuthaze ikamva elisebenzayo, elinoqoqosho kunye nelizinzileyo kubemi.
- Uyilo oluhlakaniphile: Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa ukucwangciswa kwesixeko kulwakhiwo oluhlakaniphile, uyilo oluhlakaniphile lulo naluphi na uhlobo loyilo olubandakanya itekhnoloji ukuvumela ukuqonda okubanzi kwendawo yendawo. Oku kunokunika abaphuhlisi ukufikelela kulwazi olusisiseko lommandla okufutshane phakathi kwesixeko, umzekelo, kunye nokufikelela kwiipotfoliyo zepropathi. Uyilo olulumkileyo lunokuba yimfuneko kucwangciso oluchanekileyo, kwaye ukukwazi ukufumana ulwazi olulolo hlobo lubaluleke kakhulu ngokucofa iqhosha kunokungqina ukuba luncedo.
- Oomatshini abanobuchule: Oku kunokubandakanya naluphi na uhlobo lwesithuthi sokwakha esibonisa umsebenzi ozenzekelayo ukusuka abembi bemibungu kwaye izixhobo zokwakha zerobhothi ukuba oogandaganda, iidozi zeebhakethi, yaye abembi behydraulic. Naluphi na uhlobo loomatshini abakrelekrele okanye irobhothi yokwakha inokuchazwa njengesithuthi esikrelekrele.
Iindlela zoshishino "ezihlakaniphile" zifumana ngokukhawuleza kwiindawo ezininzi, kodwa mhlawumbi akukho nanye njengokwakha. Ngoxa iziseko zokwakha ziye zahlala, ukusa kumlinganiselo othile, ziyafana kangangamawaka eminyaka, eyona nto iphambili ibisoloko ikukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle. Ngokufika kwe Ukwakhiwa kweeNkcukacha zoLwazi (BIM), abaphuhlisi baye bakwazi ukuphucula iindlela "zokwakha ngaphandle kwendawo" ngokukhawuleza. Ngokusebenzisa i-BIM, ngoku bayakwazi ukwenza imephu kwaye bacwangcise amanqanaba ahlukeneyo enkqubo yokwakha kwangaphambili. Oku kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokunciphisa inkunkuma yamandla, okwenza yonke inkqubo igcineke ngakumbi kwaye i-eco-friendly.
Ziziphi izinto zokwakha ezikrelekrele?
Kuqondwa ngokucacileyo ukuba izixhobo ziyimfuneko ukuze nawuphi na umsebenzi wokwakha uqalise nokuhla emhlabeni. Ngelixa oomatshini banokuthathwa njengobukrelekrele ngandlela ithile okanye umsebenzi, ngokunjalo nezinto ezisetyenziswayo ngexesha lenkqubo yokwakha, nangona ngendlela entsonkothileyo. Izinto ezikrelekrele, okanye ezikrelekrele, zichazwa njengezinto ezibonisa ukuguquguquka okulawulwayo, ngabom, kunye nokuqikelelwa kwangaphambili kwinto enye okanye ngaphezulu kweempawu ezichaziweyo. Igama elithi "izixhobo zokwakha ezihlakaniphileyo" libanzi ngamabom, livumela ukufakwa kwazo zonke iintlobo zemisebenzi, kubandakanywa utshintsho ku:
- Ubushushu / ukukhanya okukhuphayo okanye ukunyanzeliswa.
- Ubuninzi, uxinzelelo kunye namandla.
- Imagnethi kunye/okanye iindawo zombane.
- I-Chemical makeup.
- Impembelelo kwindawo ejikelezileyo (njengokufuma okanye ukufumanisa ukushisa).
Olu tshintsho ludla ngokufezekiswa ngolunye uhlobo ngaphandle, ngokuqhelekileyo umbane, i-stimuli. Ngokunikwa amandla abo okuziqhelanisa neemeko ezithile, imathiriyeli ehlakaniphile inokudityaniswa kuyo nayiphi na indawo yoyilo lomphezulu okanye isiseko esisezantsi. Ziyakwazi ukudibaniswa nekhonkrithi, iplastiki, iglasi, okanye i-alloys kunye nokunceda ukufezekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kuyo nayiphi na inqanaba lenkqubo yokwakha ehlakaniphile - ukusuka ekwakhiweni ukuya ekugcineni ukugcinwa kwesakhiwo. Ukuphunyezwa kwezinto ezihlakaniphile kunokuphucula ubomi besakhiwo ngokubanzi okanye kuphucule ukusebenza kwaso.
Zeziphi iinkampani ezinkulu ezisebenza kwimakethi yoomatshini bokwakha abakrelekrele?
- Idewalt
- JCB
- Hitachi Construction Machinery Komatsu
- CASE
- Caterpillar
- Volvo
- I-Doosan
- Hyundai
- XCMG
- Zoomlion
- Izisombululo ezizimeleyo
- Iirobhothi ezakhiweyo
- Ngelanga
- I-Westbase Technology
- Isibhakabhaka Tronic
- StreamBIM
- Iglobhiz
- Mohocon
- Izixhobo zeSMS
Ithini imarike yangoku yolwakhiwo olukrelekrele?
Nangona imakethi ye-smart building yehlabathi ibone ukwehla kwe-17.4% ngo-2020 xa kuthelekiswa no-2019 okubangelwa ziziganeko zamva nje zehlabathi, isakhula ngesantya esichukumisayo. Ngo-2021, imakethi yolwakhiwo lwehlabathi jikelele yaxabisa i-67.60 yeebhiliyoni zeedola, ngelixa ukukhula kwayo okuqikelelweyo kubeka ixabiso layo kwi-80.62 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2022 kunye ne-328.62 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2029. Inyaniso ecacileyo yeyokuba, ngokukhula kokugxila ekusebenzeni kombane kwiindawo ezininzi ezingafaniyo, urhwebo lwangoku luyimarike yabathengi. Imbonakalo yolwakhiwo olukrelekrele ke ngoko imele ukuphucula kwaye iqhubeke nokuphucula ikamva elibonakalayo.
Ithini imarike yexesha elizayo yolwakhiwo olukrelekrele?
Ukonyuka kokufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini yenye into eqikelelwe ukuba iyakukhawulezisa ukukhula kwemarike yezakhiwo ezikrelekrele kwihlabathi kule minyaka izayo i-5-6, kwaye kunokwenzeka nangaphezulu. Ngokuka a IForam yeeNgcali ezikwiNqanaba eliPhezulu ingxelo evela ku-2019, malunga ne-70% yabemi behlabathi kulindeleke ukuba isasazwe kwiindawo zasezidolophini ngo-2050. Oku, kunye nokunyuka kolawulo kunye nerhafu yokusetyenziswa kwamandla, kukhokelele iinkampani ezininzi ukuba ziqalise ukuhlola iingcamango ezintsha zokwakha. Enye yeengcinga eziphambili abaye badibana nazo yileyo yolwakhiwo olukrelekrele kunye nomatshini ozenzekelayo. Ingxelo yeSchneider Electric Whitepaper ithi i-36% yokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni yehlabathi inxulumene noshishino lokwakha, kwaye kubalelwa kwizakhiwo ngokwazo. Kwingxelo yeDeloitte, kucetyiswa ukuba oku kungancitshiswa kangangoko 70% ngokuphunyezwa ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo kobugcisa bokwakha obusele bukhona.
Unale nto engqondweni, ayisothusi into yokuba kuqatshelwe ukuba neengxelo ezigcinayo zibonisa ukuba imakethi yolwakhiwo olukrelekrele inokukhula kule minyaka izayo. Nokuba imeko ithini na, ngokuqinisekileyo kubonakala ngathi ukhuseleko olwandisiweyo kunye nococeko olubonelelwa ziimeko zokuhlala ezikrelekrele kuya kufunwa kakhulu kwiminyaka ezayo.
isiphelo
Umkhwa oxhasa ilizwe elikhulayo loshishino oluhlakaniphileyo kunye nomatshini ozenzekelayo awubonisanga zimpawu zokucotha phantse iminyaka engama-250 ukusukela ekuqaleni kweNguqu yezoShishino. Ke, kuya kuba bubudenge ukulindela ukuba icothe ngoku, kwaye eneneni ukuba kukho nantoni na ukonyuka kokufakwa kwetekhnoloji ehlakaniphile akubanga nto imfutshane. Oku akwahlukanga kwihlabathi lolwakhiwo, njengabo bonke Iingxelo kubonakala kubonisa. Lo ngumkhwa, hayi ifashoni, kwaye kwixesha elizayo umbuzo omnye kuphela oya kuhlala kwiinkampani zophuhliso lwezindlu: "Waqala nini kwaye phi ukuva ngolwakhiwo oluhlakaniphile?"
