Isodium-ion: Ikamva leBatri eziTshajwayo lilapha?

Zimnkile iintsuku apho besinokukhupha iibhetri zethu zeselfowuni ukuze sizitshaje ngokwahlukeneyo okanye sizitshintshe ngokwethu nanini na zifuneka. Ewe, phantse zonke iibhetri zee-smartphones kwimarike ngoku zakhiwe ngaphakathi, zibenza ukuba bangabi nakususwa ngokupheleleyo. Oku kukwathetha ukuba uninzi lwethu alunalwazi malunga nohlobo lweebhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona ezenza iifowuni zethu zibe namandla kule mihla. Impendulo emfutshane kuloo nto iibhetri ze-lithium, impendulo ende, nangona kunjalo, zimbini iintlobo eziphambili zeebhetri ze-lithium-i-lithium-ion (i-Li-ion) kunye ne-lithium-polymer (Li-po) iibhetri.

Ngelixa iibhetri ze-Li-ion okwangoku zilolona hlobo ludumileyo lwebhetri yefowuni kwiimodeli ezininzi ze-iPhone kunye ne-Samsung, iibhetri ze-Li-po zibamba ii-brand ezinkulu eziquka i-Samsung kunye ne-Xiaomi njengoko iifowuni zabo zikhupha iimodeli ezinamandla ngakumbi ezixhaswa yi-Li-po iibhetri. Nangona ujijisana phakathi kosapho lwebhetri ye-lithium luqhubeka, iibhetri ze-sodium-ion (Na-ion) ziye zavela ngokuzolileyo njengomnye umgqatswa omtsha onokuthi athathe imboni yebhetri egcwalisekayo ngesiphango. Funda ukuze ufumanise ukuba yintoni eyenza iibhetri ezisekelwe kwi-sodium zikhetheke kakhulu, kutheni abaninzi bezijonga njengekamva leebhetri ezinokutsha, kwaye ke, amathuba oshishino ahamba nawo.

Isiqulatho
Imeko yemarike yeebhetri ezitshajekayo
Iibhetri zesodium-ion: ikamva leebhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona?
Isiphumo esihlala sihleli

Imeko yemarike yeebhetri ezitshajekayo

Imakethi yeebhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona yayixabisa i-US$109.5 yebhiliyoni ngo-2022 kwaye kulindeleke ukuba inyuke iye phezulu. I-US $ 165.5 yezigidigidi ngo-2028, ibetha ireyithi yokukhula yonyaka ehlanganisiweyo (CAGR) ye-6.93%. Phakathi kwemarike yeebhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona, isabelo semarike yeebhetri ze-Li-ion ngokucacileyo yinkokeli yemarike engenakuphikiswa, kunye nenye imakethi yehlabathi. uphando Inqaku elixela kwangaphambili ixabiso layo lokunyuka kwi-CAGR ye-18.1% kwaye ifikelele ngaphezulu kwe-US$ 182.53 ngo-2030.

Iibhetri ze-sodium-ion, kwelinye icala, ziye zalawula umdla woluntu emva kokuba uvulindlela kubuchwepheshe bebhetri ye-sodium-ion iFaradion Limited yafunyanwa ngokupheleleyo ngomnye wabancedisi beReliance Industries eIndiya ngexabiso le £ 100 million ekuqaleni kuka-2022. Ikhono leebhetri ze-sodium-ion market for iinkqubo zokugcina amandla Kucingelwa ukuba kubaluleke, ngakumbi phakathi kwemithombo ehlaziyekayo efana nomoya kunye namandla elanga. Yiyo loo nto kuqikelelwa ukuba kufikelelwe a I-CAGR ye-14.68% ukusuka 2022 ukuya 2027, ukuzisa inani layo ukusuka $244 million ukuya $609 million, phantse 2.5 amaxesha ukusuka iyonke yokuqala.

Iibhetri zesodium-ion: ikamva leebhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona?

Ihlala ixesha elide

NgoJulayi 2022 iphawule inyanga emnandi kwimbali yophuhliso lweebhetri zesodium, njengoko kwiveki yokuqala yenyanga yabona iwebhusayithi yeendaba zesayensi. ingxelo ukufunyanwa okunokwenzeka okuvuyisayo kwifomula entsha ye-electrolyte yokutshintshwa kweebhetri ze-sodium-ion, engazange ikhulise kuphela intlawulo / ukukhutshwa kwangoku kodwa ikwazile ukugcina ukusebenza okuzinzileyo nasemva kokufikelela kwi-900 + imijikelezo. Impumelelo yebhetri ye-sodium-ion ayiphelelanga apho kodwa iqhubekile nesibhengezo esikhulu sekhefu malunga neveki kamva, ngokusebenzisa upapasho ndaba zekhampani ukusuka kwiLebhu yeSizwe yasePacific kuMntla-ntshona (PNNL) phantsi kweSebe lezaMandla.

Enyanisweni, iibhetri ze-sodium-ion zibekwe phantsi kwe-limelight ukususela malunga nonyaka odlulileyo, emva kweJulayi 2021, xa i-Contemporary Amperex Technology Co. iibhetri ze-sodium-ion ze-EVs. Ukufunyaniswa kweqela le-PNNL ekuqaleni kwekota yesithathu ka-2022, nangona kunjalo, ngokuqinisekileyo kuphakamise ibha ekuphuculweni kwebhetri ye-sodium-ion, ekubeni iteknoloji eyilwe yi-PNNL yathi iguqule ngokusisiseko uyilo lwebhetri ye-sodium ukuze yoyise imingeni yexesha elide lobugcisa.

Olunye uhlaziyo oluphawuleka kakhulu kuyilo lwabo olutsha lwe-sodium-ion iresiphi yebhetri kukuba iqela lophando liyakwazi ukolula ixesha elide lebhetri kwiimvavanyo zaselebhu ngokujija ngobuchule kwizinto ezingundoqo zolwelo. Ngenxa yolu tshintsho lwefomula, ukuzinziswa kwe-electrolytes yeebhetri ze-sodium-ion, ezisebenza njengegazi eligcina ukujikeleza kwamandla kwiibhetri, kuphuculwe kwaye ngaloo ndlela kunceda ukuqinisa ukuqina kweebhetri.

Abaphandi be-PNNL baphinde bajongana neenkxalabo zokhuseleko kwiibhetri ze-sodium-ion xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo ze-lithium-ion kwimbono umsebenzi wekhemikhali uphezulu kakhulu kunelithium, okwandisa umngcipheko wogqabhuko-dubulo okanye iingozi ezimandundu. Baye beza nokwamkelwa kwento yokucima umlilo enokuthi isebenze kwi-voltages ephezulu kwaye iyamelana namaqondo okushisa ahlukeneyo. Isiphumo solu phawu lusanda kuphuhliswa kukwenza umaleko ozinzile, obhityileyo kakhulu okhuselayo kwi-anode onceda ukunika ubomi bomjikelo omde kwiibhetri ze-sodium-ion.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba zonke ezi phuhliso zenza abaphandi bagcine ukuya kuthi ga kwi-90% yomthamo weebhetri ze-sodium-ion, oku kuthetha ukuba kuya kubakho ukulahleka kwamandla okuncinci nasemva komjikelo wokutshaja owandisiweyo we-300+ imijikelezo. Ngamanye amazwi, zonke ezi zixhasi zamva nje zinceda ukwandisa ixesha elikhoyo Iminyaka eyi-10 elindelekileyo yokuphila kwe-sodium-ion iibhetri. Ukubeka ezi nkqubela phambili zamva nje kwimbono, uninzi lwabavelisi baqinisekisiwe 300-500 imijikelo yokutshaja or Iminyaka eyi-3-5 ngaphambi kokulahlekelwa malunga ne-20% (I-80% igcinwe) ekusebenzeni kwamandla kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion.

Iindleko eziphantsi

Iindleko ze-sodium ziphantsi ngokungathandabuzekiyo kune-lithium ukusuka kumbono wobutyebi bendalo njengoko i-sodium idweliswe njenge inani 6th eyona element ixhaphakileyo ehlabathini, ibalelwa kwi-2.6% yoqweqwe lomhlaba. I-Lithium, kwelinye icala, yenza kuphela malunga ne-0.002% kwaye ibekwe kwindawo yama-33 kwitshathi endaweni yoko. Ukuthelekiswa kweendleko phakathi kweebhetri ze-sodium-ion kunye neebhetri ze-lithium-ion ngokwenene akukho nto entsha; abaphandi kwiYunivesithi yaseStanford, umzekelo, uye wabonisa inyani ecacileyo yokuba i-sodium-ion yeyona ndlela ingcono ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga ixabiso kwaye izamile ukwazisa ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kwayo ukunceda ukuthoba iindleko zemveliso zizonke zeebhetri eziphinda zitshajwe. Khumbula ukuba, nangona kunjalo, ingxelo evela kwiYunivesithi yaseStanford yenziwa ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-5 eyadlulayo, xa amaxabiso e-lithium ayesazinzisiwe malunga ne-RMB 160,000 ngetoni nganye (malunga ne-US $ 24,000 / tonne ngelo xesha).

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ixabiso le-lithium liyaqhubeka nokunyuka kwaye liye lanyuka ngaphezu kwe-350% xa kuthelekiswa neminyaka eyi-5 eyadlulayo, lifikelela kwixesha eliphakamileyo elingaphezu kwe. RMB 590,000 ngetoni nganye ukususela ngoNovemba 2022. Ukunyuka okumangalisayo kwezinto eziluhlaza ze-lithium kuhambelana nokunyuka kweemfuno zeenqwelo zombane (EVs) ukusuka kwikota yesi-4 ye-2020 ukuya phambili. Inyani yokuba uninzi lwezixhobo ze-lithium zicutshungulwa kwiimveliso zomgangatho webhetri e-China ziye zayenza mandundu ngakumbi imeko kuba oku kuthetha ukuba iindleko zokugcina amandla zikwaphenjelelwa yimali yokuthumela ngenqanawa kumazwe ngamazwe, echatshazelwe kakhulu kukuphazamiseka kwempilo yehlabathi kunye neshishini lekhonkco lokubonelela kwiminyaka yakutshanje.

Ukunyuka kwexabiso okuthe gqolo kungoko sisizathu esibalulekileyo sokufumana indawo ebambeleyo yamacandelo asekelwe kwi-lithium ngoku, kwaye i-sodium-ion eninzi ngokwemvelo, eqinisekisa unikezelo kunye nokufumaneka kwayo, yona ngokwayo iyisizathu sokhetho oluthembekileyo lwexabiso eliphantsi. Oku kunika isizathu esinyanzelisayo kwimfuno yophando lwenkqubo yokuphucula iibhetri ze-sodium-ion, ngakumbi xa iingcali ezininzi zoshishino zikholelwa ukuba ukutshintshwa kwe-sodium kunokunceda ukunciphisa iindleko zeebhetri ezihlawulekayo. malunga ne-20-40%.

Isikali esikhulu

Ngelixa uninzi lwethu lunokuthi lusebenzise iibhetri ze-lithium-ion kwiifowuni zethu, iilaptops, izixhobo zombane ezihlukeneyo, kunye neemoto zombane, kunye namacandelo ahlukeneyo okusebenzisa isiphelo namhlanje, uninzi lwethu lusenokungazi ukuba ezi bhetri zisetyenziswa kwizicelo ezininzi kunezo ziqhelekileyo imisebenzi. Ukongeza kwizixhobo zombane kunye namashishini e-EV, ezinye iimarike ezinkulu ezimbini zeebhetri ze-lithium-ion zikhankanywe njenge ukuphatha oomatshini obunzima kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla imimandla, ingakumbi icandelo lamandla ahlaziyekayo.

Kwaye iindaba ezimnandi zezi: icandelo lamandla avuselelekayo lilindeleke ukuba liphinde kabini ixabiso lalo kwiminyaka eyi-10, ukusuka I-US $ 881.7 yezigidigidi ngo-2020 ukuya kwi-1,977.6 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika ngo-2030, ifikelele kwi-CAGR ye-8.4%. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kobu buchule bukhulu, kunye neendleko ze-lithium ezifikelela kwirekhodi eliphezulu ngoku, ukuzinza kwemfuno ye-lithium-ion yecandelo lamandla avuselelekayo kuthethwa. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi xa kujongwa isixa esikhulu seemfuno zamandla ezivela kushishino lwamandla ahlaziyekayo, njengoko oko kuthetha ukuba ixabiso lilonke elingaphezulu kakhulu liyafuneka ukuba amaxabiso e-lithium ayaqhubeka nokunyuka.

Okwangoku, ukubeka indleko ecaleni, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ziyinyani ayilokhetho lokusingqongileyo, ngakumbi xa kufikwa kwindawo yokugcina izinto ezinkulu kuba iintsimbi ezinetyhefu ezifana ne-cobalt kunye ne-nickel zifumaneka kwi-lithium-ion. Ezi ntsimbi zinokwenza ubungozi kwimithombo yamanzi nakwi-ikhosistim xa zilahlwa. Ukulahlwa ngokungafanelekanga kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion kuye kwadibaniswa nomlilo kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma okanye izibonelelo zokuhlaziya iibhetri.

Ngethamsanqa, azikho iindleko okanye iinkxalabo zokusingqongileyo ezinxulumene neebhetri ze-lithium-ion zihambelana neebhetri ze-sodium-ion konke konke kuba isodiyam ininzi ngokwendalo kwizinto ezifumaneka lula ezifumaneka lula ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe kunye nokhuseleko oluphuculweyo. Zonke ezi zinto zenza i-sodium-ion ibe ngumgqatswa ongcono kungekuphela nje kwizicelo zebhetri eziqhelekileyo zezixhobo zombane eziqhelekileyo kodwa nakwizinga elikhulu lokusasazwa okufana nokugcinwa kwamandla avuselelekayo.

Isiphumo esihlala sihleli

Iinzame zophuhliso ezingayekiyo phakathi kwezazinzulu kunye nabaphandi kumzamo oqhubekayo wokucokisa imathiriyeli ekrwada ekhoyo ukuze ithathelwe indawo ngexabiso eliphantsi nengcono kwindawo yamandla ikhokelele ekufunyanisweni kwamva nje kunye nophuculo lweebhetri zesodium-ion. Ubungqina obuninzi obubonakaliswe zizazinzulu bubonise ukuba iibhetri ze-sodium-ion zinokuba yinto ehlala ixesha elide xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri ze-lithium-ion, ngakumbi kwizicelo ezinkulu ezijonga iindleko eziphantsi, ubuninzi bendalo, kunye neempawu ezizinzileyo zesodium.

Ukukhula okuthe kratya okuthe gqolo kwemfuno enkulu yokugcina amandla kwindawo yamandla ahlaziyekayo kubonisa ukuba kukho indawo enkulu yokukhula kweebhetri zesodium-ion, ngakumbi ngomjikelo wazo wokuphindaphinda imveliso. Abatyali-mali abanomdla ke ngoko bayacetyiswa ukuba bangene kwimarike ngaphambi kokuphakama kwayo. Ukufumana ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga neenkuthazo zeshishini kunye nemibono yokukhangela, ndwendwela UChovm uyafunda namhlanje.