Yintoni ekufuneka eyaziwe ngamashishini xa ethenga iibhokisi zokuqhuba

Izixokelelwano zegearbox zokuqhuba zinefuthe elikhulu kwindlela isithuthi esisebenza ngayo xa sisonke, kwaye ukukhetha isixhobo sokuqhuba esifanelekileyo kungahamba umgama omde ekwandiseni ubomi besithuthi kunye nokonga imali ekuhambeni kwexesha. Ke ngoko, iibhokisi zegiya zokuqhuba kufuneka zigcinwe kwaye zigcinwe zikwimeko entle kwaye kulixabiso elikhulu ukwazi xa ilixesha lokutshintsha.

Isiqulatho
Yintoni isixhobo sokuqhuba kwaye senza ntoni?
Ukuqonda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeebhokisi zokuqhuba
Uzigcina njani izixhobo zokuqhuba zikwimeko entle
Iimpawu ezi-4 eziqhelekileyo zesixhobo sokuqhuba esinempazamo
Ukukhetha uhlobo olufanelekileyo lwesixhobo sokuqhuba kunye nemodeli
Ziphephe iimpazamo ezibiza kakhulu xa uthenga iibhokisi zokuqhuba

Yintoni isixhobo sokuqhuba kwaye senza ntoni?

Ukubeka nje, i-steering gear (okanye ibhokisi yokuqhuba) yintliziyo yenkqubo yokulawula isithuthi. Iguqula igalelo lomqhubi libe sisindululo esijikelezayo esiziswa kumavili. Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo, i-steering gear iqukethe i-rack okanye i-protractor plate, i-pinion okanye isondo, i-cylinder yamandla, kunye neentonga zokubopha phakathi kwezinye izinto.

Kukho iindidi ngeendidi zezixhobo zokuqhuba, ezibandakanya i-manual, ihydraulic, umbane, kunye ne-power-assist rack kunye neepinion. Zonke ezi zisebenzela injongo enye kodwa ziyenza ngokwahlukileyo malunga nendlela ezibanceda ngayo abaqhubi ekuguquleni izithuthi zabo nasekuphumezeni imiyalelo ngomzamo omncinci.

Ukuqonda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeebhokisi zokuqhuba

Izixhobo zokuqhuba ngesandla

Izixhobo zokuqhuba ngesandla lolona hlobo lusisiseko lwenkqubo yokulawula. Igalelo lomqhubi lidluliselwa kwivili lokuqhuba, elijikeleza i-shaft kwaye lihambisa icandelo. Icandelo lidityaniswe ngengalo ye-pitman kwi-lever emfutshane edityaniswe kwintonga enamalungu amabini ebhola.

Izixhobo zokulawula ezenziwe ngezandla zazisetyenziswa phantse kuzo zonke izithuthi de kwavela ukulawulwa kwamandla. Kule mihla, i-manual steering ikhethwa kwiimoto ezindala okanye zakudala. 

Izixhobo zokulawula amandla

Izixhobo zokulawula amandla zingundoqo kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yokulawula amandla. Banciphisa umgudu ofunekayo ukujika amavili esithuthi. Oku kwenza kube lula ukulawula isithuthi ngesantya esiphantsi, nto leyo eluncedo xa upaka, ujikajikana yaye uhamba kwizitrato ezixakekileyo.

Kukho iindidi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo zokulawula amandla: ihydraulic kunye nombane.

Isixokelelwano samanzi aphantsi komhlaba sisebenzisa ulwelo olumpompelwe ngoomatshini olunoxinzelelo oluphezulu ukuhambisa ipiston kwicylinder, ejika i-crankshaft ye-injini. Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo lwezixhobo zokuqhuba amandla ezifumaneka ezimotweni namhlanje.

Ngokuchasene noko, inkqubo yombane isebenzisa i-motor yombane, izinzwa, kunye neyunithi yokulawula i-electronic (ECU) ukuncedisa ngokujika ivili. I-ECU icwangciswe ngokusekelwe kwinto efumanisa ngayo kwiinzwa ezifana nesantya kunye ne-torque ukujonga ukuba mangakanani amandla okusebenza xa ujika.

Uzigcina njani izixhobo zokuqhuba zikwimeko entle

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba iigiya zokuqhuba zikwimeko entle, kubalulekile ukugcinwa rhoqo. Oku kuthintela ukulungiswa kweendleko kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkqubo yokulawula.

Sebenzisa izithambiso ezifanelekileyo

Ukuthambisa okufanelekileyo kubalulekile kwimpilo yezixhobo zokuqhuba. Ukuba isixhobo sokuqhuba asithanjiswanga kakuhle, siya konakala ngaphambi kwexesha. I-lubricant kufuneka ihambelane nentsimbi; oko kukuthi, akufanele ihlasele iikhemikhali kwiindawo zangaphakathi. Umzekelo, iigrisi zokwenziwa zinokubangela ukuba imathiriyeli yerabha yokutywina idumbe kwaye ithobeke, ekugqibeleni ikhokelele ekuvuzeni.

Gcina inqanaba elifanelekileyo lovimba

Idama lamanzi okuqhuba umbane kufuneka lijongwe rhoqo kwaye lifakwe phezulu ukuze ligcine inqanaba elifanelekileyo lomthombo. Amanqanaba olwelo oluphantsi anokuba neempembelelo ezimbi kuwo onke amacandelo angaphakathi kwenkqubo yokulawula umbane, ngakumbi umpompo wokuqhuba umbane. Amanqanaba olwelo achanekileyo aya kuqinisekisa ukuba onke amalungu angaphakathi ebhokisini antywiliselwa kwaye afakwe i-lubricate ngokuchanekileyo.

Jonga impompo yokulawula amandla kunye nebhanti

Ukuhlola nokugcina impompo yokulawula amandla kunokunceda abaqhubi baphephe ukulungiswa kweendleko ngexesha elide. Impompo yokulawula amandla idla ngokuqhutywa libhanti eliqhagamshelwe enjinini. Ngenxa yoku, kubalulekile ukuhlola ibhanti ngeempawu zokuqhekeka okanye omnye umonakalo rhoqo.

Iimpawu ezi-4 eziqhelekileyo zesixhobo sokuqhuba esinempazamo

Njengayo nayiphi na inkqubo yomatshini, isixhobo sokuqhuba sinokuguga ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye ekugqibeleni sisilele ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi. Nazi ezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezinokubonisa ukuba i-gearbox yokuqhuba ifuna ukutshintshwa.

1. Ukuvuza kolwelo lokuqhuba

Olona phawu luxhaphakileyo olunxulunyaniswa nengxaki kwisixhobo sokuqhuba kukuvuza okubonakalayo kolwelo lokuqhuba. Ukuvuza kunokwenzeka ngenxa yokugqoka kunye nokukrazula ngokubanzi ngexesha okanye kumonakalo owenzeka ngexesha lempembelelo okanye ingozi. Ukuvuza kwindlela yokulawula amandla kunokubangela ukulahleka koxinzelelo, nto leyo inokukhokelela ekujikeni okunzima okanye okunzima ngesantya esiphantsi, okanye kwanokusilela ngokupheleleyo kwendlela yokulawula.

2. Ukusila okanye ukuncwina ingxolo

Ezinye iigiya ziya kwenza ingxolo xa zisebenza ixesha elide. 

I-bearing egugileyo okanye iinxalenye zangaphakathi ezikhululekile zingabangela le ngxolo ukuba ayisebenzi kakuhle ngaphakathi kwendibano yegiya. Kodwa kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngamanye amaxesha, ingxolo ibangelwa nje ukungabikho kokuthambisa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba bayaphikelela kwaye bayangxola ngokuhamba kwexesha, ngoko lixesha lokuba isixhobo sokuqhuba sihlolwe ngumkhandi oyingcali.

3. Ukungcangcazela okanye ukushukuma kwamavili

Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba ukungcangcazela kwivili lokuqhuba imoto yabo kuthetha ukuba bafuna amatayara amatsha, kodwa kusenokuba luphawu lwezixhobo zokuqhuba ezigugileyo okanye ezonakeleyo. Njengoko izixhobo ezingaphakathi kwesixhobo sokuqhuba ziqala ukunxiba, ziya kukhululeka kwaye zingaqini njengoko zazinjalo. Oku kuvumela ukunyakaza okungaphezulu okanye ukudlala ngaphakathi kwesixhobo sokuqhuba ngokwaso kwaye kunokubangela ukungcangcazela okanye ukushukuma kwamavili kunye nenkqubo yokunqunyanyiswa.

4. Ubunzima bokujika ngesantya esicothayo

Kwimeko apho isithuthi sinenkathazo yokujika ngesantya esicothayo, amathuba okuba kukho umba womatshini kwindawo ethile kwindlela yokuqhuba. Ukuba i-gearbox yokuqhuba ayisebenzi kakuhle okanye isilele ngandlel' ithile, kunokuba nzima kakhulu okanye kungenzeki ukujika okanye ukuyilawula isithuthi ngesantya esicothayo, njengaxa upaka umzekelo.

Isixhobo sokuqhuba esingalunganga sinokukhokelela kwezinye iingxaki

Isixhobo sokuqhuba esinempazamo singakhokelela kwiingxaki ezongezelelweyo ezifana nokunxiba kwetayara ngaphambi kwexesha kunye nomonakalo kwamanye amacandelo enkqubo yokulawula, kubandakanywa izibonda zokubopha okanye ezigugileyo kunye namalungu ebhola. Kungenxa yoko le nto kubalulekile ukuyilungisa okanye ukuyibuyisela ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yokuba inokubangela eminye imiba kwinkqubo, njengoxinzelelo olungafanelekanga kwamanye amacandelo kunye nokugqithisa okugqithisileyo kunye nokukrazula kwinkqubo yonke.

Ukukhetha uhlobo olufanelekileyo lwesixhobo sokuqhuba kunye nemodeli

Zininzi izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa kufikwa ekukhetheni isixhobo sokuqhuba esifanelekileyo, kodwa ezona zinto zibalaseleyo luphawu lomenzi kunye nokufakwa kwesithuthi.

Uphawu lomenzi

Ukhetho lokuqala ngokuqinisekileyo kukuthenga kwitshaneli yoqobo okanye iibrendi ezidumileyo ezisekwe kakuhle. Kukho iingenelo ezininzi koku, ezinje ngokuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nokuthembeka, kunye nesiqinisekiso ngokuchasene nokusilela kwamalungu. Nangona kunjalo, olu khetho lunokubiza kwaye luchithe ixesha xa kuziwa ekutshintsheni.

Ngokomzekelo, abavelisi abaninzi bokuqala baya kucela abathengi babo ukuba babuyisele izixhobo zokuqhuba ezingalunganga ukuze zilungiswe okanye zitshintshwe, kwaye oku kunokuthatha iintsuku ezininzi, okanye iiveki ukuba uphawu lwangaphambili alunaofisi yokuhambisa ekufutshane.

Ukusuka kumbono wezoqoqosho, iileyibhile ezimhlophe ezivela kwitshaneli ye-aftermarket zineendleko eziphezulu kunezo zivela kwitshaneli yokuqala okanye iimpawu ezidumileyo. Iimpawu zeelebhile ezimhlophe kwi-Chovm.com zinokunikezela ngeempawu zazo ezizodwa, ezinjengokuqinisekiswa komgangatho, amaxabiso angcono, kunye nolawulo olungaphezulu lokusasazwa.

Ukufakwa kunye nokufakwa kwemoto

Xa kuziwa kwiinkqubo zokuqhuba, akukho zithuthi zimbini ziya kufana. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba uqinisekise ukuba isixhobo sokuqhuba siyahambelana nemodeli yesithuthi.

Iimodeli zeToyota

The izixhobo zokulawula amandla 442000K020 ilungele iToyota Hilux njengoko inciphisa ingxolo evela enjinini. Ikwabonelela ngamava okuqhuba atyibilikayo, oko kuyenza ibe lolona khetho lubalaseleyo kwabo bathanda ukuqhuba izithuthi zabo esixekweni.

Enye inketho yi izixhobo zokuqhuba 45500-02130, elungele iToyota Corolla ngenxa yexabiso eliphantsi kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu. Ngaphezu koko, ine-tensioner ehlengahlengiswayo ukuze umqhubi akwazi ukuyilungisa ngokulula ngokwenqanaba lokuthuthuzela elifunekayo.

Okokugqibela kodwa kungaphelelanga apho gearbox yokulawula amandla 4411035290 lukhetho lwe-archetypal lwe-pickups ye-Toyota njengoko ine-tensioner eguquguqukayo yangaphandle kwaye ingasetyenziswa kunye nokuhanjiswa kwe-manual kunye nokuzenzekelayo.

Iimodeli zeFord

The isixhobo sokuqhuba sombane EB5Z3504A ifanelekile kwiFord Explorer. Le gear kunye ne-pinion gear yenzelwe ivalve ejikelezayo kunye nebhola yebhola yokusebenza kwayo kakuhle.

Oku ndelayo izixhobo zokuqhuba VP657C-35510, ehambelana neFord Mondeo. Ukomelela kwayo kuyenza ikwazi ukumelana neemeko ezimaxongo ezindleleni, njengemingxunya namaqhuqhuva axhaphakileyo kwiindlela zemozulu.

Ngelo xesha, i i-hydraulic rack kunye ne-pinion 4M513200GD lukhetho olufanelekileyo kwiimodeli zeFord Focus kunye neFord C-Max. Le rack kunye ne-pinion gear yenzelwe itekhnoloji yokutywina ephuculweyo ukunciphisa ukuvuza.

Iimodeli zeChevrolet

The irekhi ehlaziyiweyo ye-19330484 lukhetho olungabizi kakhulu lweChevrolet Express. Iza kunye ne-pitman shaft, eqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuphucula ukuphathwa kwemoto endleleni, evumela ukuvakalelwa ngokuthe ngqo.

Enye inketho enkulu yi I-hydraulic power steering rack 9020408; yenzelwe ngokukodwa iChevrolet Aveo kwaye iyaziwa ngokusebenza kwayo okugqwesileyo kunye nolwakhiwo olukumgangatho ophezulu.

Ekugqibeleni, kukho Isixhobo sokuqhuba i-hydraulic 96518943, elungele i-Chevrolet Spark njengoko ivumela umqhubi ukuba akonwabele ukusebenza ngokutyibilikayo kunye nokuphathwa ngaphandle komgudu wesithuthi.

Iimodeli ze-Isuzu

The Ibhokisi yegiya yokulawula amandla oomatshini 89109986 ilungele imifuziselo ye-Isuzu Trooper. Iphucula ukulawuleka, iphucula ukuphatha, kwaye yenza ukuqhuba kukhuseleke ngakumbi, ngakumbi kwimigama emide.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i i-hydraulic power steering gear 8-97946130-1 ifanelekile kwi-Isuzu D-Max njengoko inciphisa umzamo ofunekayo wokuqhuba, inika amandla amaninzi kunye ne-torque.

Ngakumbi kuzo zonke, i indawo yokubeka amandla 8979435190 lolona khetho lugqibeleleyo lwe-Isuzu Rodeo pickups njengoko ivumela abaqhubi ukuba balawule isithuthi sabo ngokulula kwiindawo ezixineneyo ngokubonelela ngolawulo oluchanekileyo kwijika ngalinye ngomzamo omncinci.

Ziphephe iimpazamo ezibiza kakhulu xa uthenga iibhokisi zokuqhuba

Isixhobo sokuqhuba siyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yesithuthi. Xa ingaphumeleli, inokubangela inkathazo enkulu kwaye ikwabiza imali eninzi ukuyilungisa.

Ukunceda ukuphepha iimpazamo ezibiza imali eninzi, ezi zikhokelo ziqulunqiweyo ziya kunceda amashishini eenqwelo-mafutha kunye nabathengisi behoseyile ekwenzeni izigqibo zokuthenga ezingenasiphako xa beqwalasela iibhokisi zokuqhuba okanye ezinye iinxalenye zesithuthi kunye nezixhobo.