Iitshaja zombane iya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kuhambo oluya kuluntu lwamkele izithuthi eziluhlaza, ngakumbi izithuthi zombane, ukunceda ukuhambisa amandla angabizi kakhulu kwiibhetri ze-EV ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo. Kodwa ngoluhlu lwabavelisi betshaja ye-EV esele bekwimarike, ukukhetha uhlobo olufanelekileyo kwiimfuno zomthengi othile kunokuba luqilima. Ke ngoko, abathengisi kufuneka balinganise inani lemiba ebalulekileyo ukuze benze isigqibo sokuthenga benolwazi.
Apha siza kubonelela ngolwazi olubalulekileyo malunga nokuba yintoni kanye omawuyithathele ingqalelo xa uthenga itshaja ye-EV efanelekileyo, kunye nesishwankathelo semarike yetshaja ye-EV.
Isiqulatho
Izibonelelo zeetshaja ze-EV
Isabelo semarike sezikhululo zokutshaja ze-EV
Iindidi zeetshaja ze-EV
Iingcebiso eziphambili zokuqwalasela xa uthenga itshaja ye-EV efanelekileyo
isishwankathelo
Izibonelelo zeetshaja ze-EV
- Impembelelo yendalo -Iitshaja ze-EV zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunciphiseni ifuthe lezothutho kokusingqongileyo. Izithuthi zombane zivelisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi encinci ye-greenhouse xa kuthelekiswa nezithuthi eziqhelekileyo, ngakumbi xa zihlawuliswa umbane ovela kwimithombo evuselelekayo. Oku kuncipha kokukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo kunegalelo ekulweni utshintsho lwemozulu kunye nokuphucula umgangatho womoya jikelele, ukukhuthaza inkqubo yothutho ecocekileyo nezinzileyo.
- Ukugcina iindleko -Ukusetyenziswa kweetshaja ze-EV kubonelela ngeendleko ezibalulekileyo kubanikazi bezithuthi kunye namashishini. Ukutshaja isithuthi sombane kudla ngokungabizi kakhulu kunokufaka amafutha kwisithuthi esiqhutywa ngerhasi, nto leyo ekhokelela kulondolozo lwexesha elide. Ukongezelela, ukuthelekisa ukulula koyilo lwezithuthi zombane kuguqulela ukuthoba iindleko zokugcina ixesha elide, ligalelo ngakumbi kwiinzuzo zoqoqosho kubanini be-EV.
- Ukulungeleka kunye nokufikeleleka – Ukusasazwa kweetshaja ze-EV kwandisa lula kunye nokufikeleleka kwezithuthi zombane. Ngokukwazi ukuhlawulisa ekhaya usebenzisa iitshaja zokuhlala, abanini be-EV bafumana lula okongezelelekileyo ngokuphelisa imfuneko yokutyelela rhoqo kwizikhululo zegesi. Uthungelwano olwandisiweyo lwezikhululo zokutshaja zoluntu luqinisekisa ngakumbi ukuba abasebenzisi bezithuthi zombane baneendlela ezifanelekileyo zokutshaja ngelixa besendleleni.
- Iinkuthazo zikaRhulumente – Oorhulumente kwihlabathi jikelele banikezela ngenkuthazo ezahlukeneyo ukukhuthaza ukwamkelwa kwezithuthi zombane kunye nokufakelwa kweetshaja ze-EV. Ezi nkuthazo zinokubandakanya inkuthazo yemali, iikhredithi zerhafu, okanye izaphulelo zokuthenga izithuthi zombane kunye neziseko zoncedo ezixhasayo.
- Ukuqhubela phambili kubuchwephesha – Indaleko eqhubekayo ye Ukutshaja kwe-EV ubuchwepheshe bunegalelo ekuthandeni nasekusebenzeni kakuhle kwezithuthi zombane. Izinto ezintsha eziqhubekayo, ezinjengokutshaja okukhawulezayo kunye neenketho zokutshaja ezingenazingcingo, ziphucula amava okutshaja ngokubanzi. Inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji kwiitshaja ze-EV yenza kube lula ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza nangakumbi.
Isabelo semarike sezikhululo zokutshaja ze-EV

Ngoku ka Iingxelo zeMarikeImarike yesikhululo sokutshaja se-EV yehlabathi ibixabisa i- $ 11.9 yezigidigidi ngo-2022 kwaye kulindeleke ukuba inyuke iye kuthi ga kwii- $ 76.9 zeebhiliyoni ngo-2027 kwi-CAGR ebalulekileyo ye-45%. Izinto ezikhokelela kwimfuno ephezulu kukusetyenziswa okukhulayo kwezithuthi zombane, ukukhuthazwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yokuzinza ngoorhulumente, kunye nokwanda kokuqonda koluntu ngeengxaki zokusingqongileyo. Imfuno yehlabathi jikelele Iitshaja ze-EV iye yanda njengoko ihlabathi lizama ukuphumeza iinjongo ezingqongqo zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse kwilizwe ngalinye.
Eyona mimandla iphambili yolu hlumo nguMntla Melika, iYurophu, uMbindi Mpuma, kunye neAsia Pacific, apho utyalo-mali olusebenzayo kwiziseko ezingundoqo ze-EV kunye nomthetho oqhubekayo kuthetha ukuba iziseko zezikhululo zesikhululo sokutshaja ziyakhiwa.
Iindidi zeetshaja ze-EV
1. Iitshaja zeNqanaba lesi-1

Iitshaja zenqanaba lesi-1 zezona zilula kwaye zezona tshaja ze-EV zifumanekayo kwimarike. Ezi tshaja zihlala zifuna isokethi eseludongeni ejikeleze i-120 volts. Iitshaja zeNqanaba loku-1 nazo ziyafikeleleka, ukusuka kwixabiso eliphakathi kwe-USD 200-600. Izithuthi zombane ezidumileyo ezihambelana nokutshaja kwenqanaba le-1 ziquka i-Nissan Leaf, i-Chevrolet Bolt, kunye ne-Tesla Model 3 nge-adapter.
Bathatha malunga neeyure ezisibhozo ukuya kwezili-12 ukuhlawulisa isithuthi ngokupheleleyo kwaye bakulungele ukutshaja ebusuku. Iitshaja zeNqanaba loku-1 zikhaphukhaphu kwaye ziyaphatheka kakhulu, zenza ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwekhaya kunye noluntu kusetyenziswa isokethi eyongeziweyo eqhelekileyo.
eziluncedo
- Iitshaja zeNqanaba loku-1 zinokudityaniswa kwiivenkile eziqhelekileyo zasekhaya (ii-volts eziyi-120), zizenze zifikeleleke ngokubanzi kwaye zilungele ukusetyenziswa ekhaya.
- Ziyonga iindleko zokufakela kwaye zihlala zibandakanya izithuthi zombane, ezifuna iziseko zoncedo ezincinci
- Iitshaja zeNqanaba loku-1 azifuni naziphi na iintambo ezikhethekileyo, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuseta kwiindawo ezininzi zokuhlala.
- Ezi tshaja zanele ukutshaja ubusuku bonke, zibonelela ngentlawulo epheleleyo yezithuthi ezininzi zombane ngexesha elongeziweyo lokungasebenzi.
neengozi
- Iitshaja zeNqanaba loku-1 zinesantya esisezantsi sokutshaja xa kuthelekiswa neetshaja zomgangatho ophezulu
- Azanelanga kubasebenzisi abanohambo olude lwemihla ngemihla okanye abo bafuna ukutshajwa rhoqo
- Iitshaja zeNqanaba loku-1 azifanelekanga kakuhle kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke apho amaxesha okutshintsha ngokukhawuleza ayimfuneko, kuthintelwa ukusetyenziswa kwazo kurhwebo okanye kwiisetingi zokutshaja zikawonke-wonke.
2. Iitshaja zeNqanaba lesi-2

Iitshaja zenqanaba lesi-2 ube nombane olinganisiweyo we-240V, enika unikezelo lwentlawulo ekhawulezayo. Ezi tshaja zithatha phakathi kweeyure ezine ukuya kwezisibhozo ukubiza, kwaye nangona zingahambi njengetshaja zenqanaba loku-1, kulula ukuzifaka ekhaya, emsebenzini, okanye kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zikawonke-wonke. Ezi tshaja zizonke kwaye zinokusetyenziswa kunye nemodeli yemoto yombane efana ne-BMW i3, i-Ford Mustang Mach-E, kunye ne-Tesla Model S kunye ne-X.
eziluncedo
- Iitshaja zeNqanaba lesi-2 zibonelela ngamaxesha okutshaja okukhawulezayo xa kuthelekiswa neetshaja zenqanaba loku-1, nto leyo ezenza zifaneleke ngakumbi kubasebenzisi abanomgama ophakamileyo wemihla ngemihla.
- Ziyakwazi ukufakwa ekhaya okanye kwiindawo zoluntu, ukubonelela ngebhalansi elungileyo phakathi kwesantya sokutshaja kunye nokulula
- Iitshaja zeNqanaba lesi-2 ziyahambelana noluhlu olubanzi lwezithuthi zombane, ezibonelela ngesisombululo sokutshaja esiguquguqukayo kwizinto ezahlukeneyo kunye neemodeli.
neengozi
- Ufakelo lweetshaja zenqanaba lesi-2 kunokufuna isekethe ezinikeleyo kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, umsebenzi wombane wobuchwephesha, ukongeza kubo bonke ubunzima bofakelo.
- Ngelixa zikhawuleza ngaphezu kweetshaja zenqanaba loku-1, iitshaja zenqanaba lesi-2 azikakhawulezi kangako njengeetshaja zenqanaba lesi-3, zinciphisa ukufaneleka kwazo kubasebenzisi abafuna ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza okukhulu.
3. Iitshaja zeNqanaba lesi-3

Iitshaja zenqanaba lesi-3, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-direct current (DC) iitshaja ezikhawulezayo, zikhawuleza kakhulu kunenqanaba le-1 kunye ne-2 yeetshaja, ezizenza zilungele ukutshaja ii-EVs ekuhambeni. Ezi tshaja naphi na phakathi kwe-USD 5,000-50,000. Izithuthi ezifana ne-Nissan Leaf Plus, i-Chevrolet Bolt, kunye ne-Tesla Model 3 (ezinye iinguqulelo kuphela) zihambelana nemigangatho ye-3 yeetshaja.
Isantya sokutshaja seNqanaba lesi-3 esiphuculweyo sithetha ukuba kuthatha kuphela imizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwiyure nge-80% yokutshaja, nto leyo ezenza zibe zezona zikhethwayo eziphezulu zokutshaja nokumisa. Oku kukwathetha ukuba aziphatheki kancinci, kwaye ufakelo ludla ngokuphelela kuhola wendlela kunye nezikhululo zokutshaja zorhwebo.
eziluncedo
- Iitshaja zeNqanaba lesi-3 zibonelela ngesantya esikhawulezayo sokutshaja phakathi kwamanqanaba amathathu, zibonelela ngesixa esibalulekileyo sentlawulo ngexesha elifutshane.
- Izitishi zokutshaja zeNqanaba lesi-3 ziya zixhaphaka ngakumbi, ngakumbi ecaleni koohola bendlela kunye nakwiindawo ezisezidolophini, zibonelela ngofikelelo olungcono kubasebenzisi ekuhambeni.
- Itshaja ezikhawulezayo zeDC zizisa amandla aphezulu, zizenza zilungele abasebenzisi ngokukhawuleza okanye abo bafuna ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lohambo.
neengozi
- Ukufakela iitshaja zenqanaba lesi-3 zibiza kakhulu kunenqanaba loku-1 okanye itshaja zenqanaba lesi-2
- Iziseko ezingundoqo ezifunekayo ukuxhasa iitshaja zenqanaba lesi-3 zintsonkothile ngakumbi, zifuna amacandelo athile kunye noqwalaselo, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiindleko zolungiso eziphezulu.
- Ayizizo zonke izithuthi zombane ezixhotyiselwe ukujongana nenqanaba 3 lokutshaja, ukunciphisa ukufikeleleka kwezi tshaja kwabanye abasebenzisi be-EV.
Iingcebiso eziphambili zokuqwalasela xa uthenga itshaja ye-EV efanelekileyo
1. Uhlobo

Ukumisela ukuba yeyiphi indlela yokutshaja ehambelana neemfuno zomsebenzisi kunye nendlela ezinxibelelana ngayo neemfuno ezithile zesithuthi sombane kuthetha ukuba kufuneka kuqala uvavanye ezahlukeneyo. Itshaja ye-EV iintlobo umzekelo:
- Iitshaja zeNqanaba loku-1 lelona nqanaba lisisiseko letshaja ekhoyo nelungele ukusetyenziswa ekhaya
- Itshaja ezikwinqanaba eliphezulu le-2 zilungele ukusetyenziswa kwabucala kunye noluntu
- Iitshaja zeNqanaba lesi-3 ziyilelwe ukutshaja ngesantya esiphezulu ngelixa zihamba imigama emide
2. Isantya

Xa ukhetha Itshaja ye-EV, kugxilwe kwimikhwa yokuqhuba yemihla ngemihla kunye nesantya esifunekayo sokutshaja sabathengi. Gcinga ezingqondweni:
- Iitshaja zeNqanaba loku-1 zibonelela malunga noluhlu lweemayile ezi-2-5 ngeyure
- Iitshaja zeNqanaba lesi-2 zingongeza phakathi kwe-10-60 yeemayile ngeyure
- Iitshaja zeNqanaba lesi-3 zinokongeza ngokukhawuleza iimayile ezingama-180 okanye njalo kwimizuzu engama-30
3. Ixabiso
Ixabiso Iitshaja ze-EV iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo.
Iitshaja zeNqanaba loku-1, ezinexabiso phakathi kwe-USD 200-600, zigqame njengokhetho olulungele uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwekhaya kunye neemfuno zokutshaja imihla ngemihla, iitshaja zenqanaba loku-1 zilungele abantu abafuna isisombululo esinexabiso eliphantsi ngaphandle kwemfuneko yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza. Ukufikeleleka kwezi tshaja ikakhulu kubalelwa kumthamo wazo osezantsi wokutshaja kunye nesantya esisezantsi sokutshaja, nto leyo ezenza zifaneleke kubasebenzisi abaneemfuno zokutshaja ezincinci.
Iitshaja zeNqanaba 2 ziza ngexabiso le-USD 400-1,200. Olu khetho loluhlu oluphakathi lufanelekile kubasebenzisi abafuna izantya zokutshaja ezikhawulezayo, nto leyo ebenza bafanelekele ukufakelwa kwasekhaya kunye nezinye izikhululo zokutshaja zikawonke-wonke. Ukunyuka kweendleko xa kuthelekiswa neetshaja zenqanaba loku-1 kungqinwa kukwandiswa kokutshaja kwazo, nto leyo ezenza zibe lukhetho olusebenzayo kwabo babeka phambili ukubiza ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokungena kudidi lwamaxabiso aphezulu.
Kwabo baneemfuno zokutshaja ezibanzi ngakumbi, kubandakanya imfuno yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza, iitshaja zenqanaba lesi-3, ezixabisa phakathi kwe-USD 5,000-50,000, isesona sisombululo silungileyo. Ezi tshaja ziyilelwe izikhululo zokutshaja zikawonke-wonke, usetyenziso lwezorhwebo, okanye usetyenziso lwezithuthi, ezibonelela ngezantya zokutshaja ezikhawuleza kakhulu. Ixabiso labo eliphezulu libonisa ubugcisa obuphezulu, ulwakhiwo olomeleleyo, kunye nokukwazi ukuhambisa ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza, okubenza bafanelekele amashishini, oomasipala, kunye neendawo ezinabantu abaninzi.
4. Ukuthwaleka

Kufuneka ugcine ukuphatheka engqondweni:
- Iitshaja zeNqanaba loku-1 ziphathwa kakhulu kwaye zinokusetyenziswa kwiindawo zokuthengisa ezisemgangathweni zasekhaya
- Iitshaja zeNqanaba lesi-2 ziphathwa ngokuphakathi kwaye ziqhele ukubonwa ekhaya, emsebenzini, okanye nakwindawo kawonke-wonke eneendawo zokutshaja zenqanaba lesi-2.
- Iitshaja zeNqanaba lesi-3 aziphatheki, ngenxa yeemfuno zazo zamandla aphezulu. Ezi Iitshaja ze-EV zifakwe ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezizinzileyo kunye nezikhululo zokutshaja.
5. Ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla

Modern Iitshaja ze-EV banobuchule obukrelekrele kwaye baya kuhlawulisa xa ixabiso lombane lisithiphu. Ukusebenzisa iitshaja ezisebenza ngamandla akukona nje kuphela ukuphumelela kodwa kuqinisa iinjongo zokuzinza, eziyinxalenye yendalo eco-friendly yezithuthi zombane.
Iitshaja zeNqanaba loku-1 zisebenzisa umthombo oqhelekileyo we-120-volt AC wamandla, nto leyo ezenza zibe lukhetho olusisiseko kubanikazi bezithuthi zombane. Ngelixa ikulungele ukusetyenziswa kwindawo yokuhlala eneendawo zokuthengisa ezisemgangathweni zasemakhaya, ezi tshaja zaziwa ngokusebenza kwazo okuphantsi kwamandla, okukhokelela kumaxesha okutshaja acothayo xa kuthelekiswa nokhetho olukwinqanaba eliphezulu.
Iitshaja zeNqanaba lesi-2 zisebenza ngomthombo wamandla we-240-volt we-AC onamandla ngakumbi, iphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa amaxesha okutshaja xa kuthelekiswa neetshaja zenqanaba loku-1.
Iitshaja zeNqanaba lesi-3, okanye iitshaja ezikhawulezayo ze-DC, zenzelwe ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kusetyenziswa i-direct current (DC). Ezi tshaja zibeka phambili ukutshaja okukhawulezayo, zizenza zibe lukhetho olusebenzayo kubasebenzisi olugxile ekucutheni amaxesha okutshaja ngexesha lohambo olude.
isishwankathelo
Ukukhetha itshaja ye-EV efanelekileyo ngundoqo kumashishini abonelela abathengi bawo ngezinto abazidingayo kunye nokwenza ubunini bemoto yombane ukuba yonwabe kwaye ibe lula. Imiba efana nodidi lwetshaja, isantya, ixabiso, isixhobo esihambisekayo, isilondolozi samandla, kunye nokusetyenziswa kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngokunzulu.
Ngeziseko ezingundoqo zokutshaja isithuthi sombane eziphuma mihla le, kufuneka uhlale usexesheni ngezinto ezintsha zetekhnoloji kunye nentsingiselo yangoku yentengiso. Nokuba ufuna ntoni na, uya kuqiniseka ukuba uyifumanele itshaja ye-EV efanelekileyo Chovm.com.