I-UN GHS-uHlelo oluHlaziyiweyo lwe-10 lupapashiwe

NgoJulayi 27, 2023, iKomishoni yezoQoqosho yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yaseYurophu (UNECE) yapapasha Inkqubo eLungeleleneyo yeHlabathi yoHlulo kunye nokuFakwa kweMichiza (GHS Rev.10). Uhlaziyo lwenziwa kwiindawo ezininzi, kuquka

• inkqubo yokuhlela,
• ukusetyenziswa kweendlela zokuvavanya ezingezizo izilwanyana,
• iingxelo zokhuseleko, kunye
• izihlomelo 9 kunye ne-10.

UN GHS ibhekisa kwiNkqubo yeHlabathi yoLwahlulo loHlulo kunye nokuFakwa kweMichiza (incwadi emfusa). Yinkqubo yamazwe ngamazwe eyenziwe yiKomiti yeeNgcali zeZizwe eziManyeneyo kwi-GHS, i-International Labour Organisation (ILO) kunye ne-Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) ukujongana nokuhlelwa kweekhemikhali ngeentlobo zeengozi kunye nokulungelelanisa izinto zonxibelelwano ezinobungozi, kubandakanywa iilebula kunye namaphepha edatha yokhuseleko. Ijolise ekuboneleleni ngesiseko solungelelwaniso lwemithetho kunye nemimiselo kwiikhemikhali kwinqanaba lesizwe, lengingqi kunye nehlabathi jikelele, okwangoku, ukuququzelela urhwebo yinto ebalulekileyo. I-UN GHS 1st edition yakhutshwa ngo-2003. Ukususela ngoko, iKomiti yeeNgcali zeZizwe eziManyeneyo kwi-GHS idibana rhoqo ukuxoxa ngohlaziyo lwe-UN GHS kwaye ikhuphe uhlelo oluhlaziyiweyo lwe-GHS rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini.

Ngokuthelekisa ne GHS Rev.9, utshintsho olubalulekileyo lwenziwa kwi-GHS Rev.10. Umzekelo, amalungiselelo amatsha aqulunqwa. Kweli nqaku, iCIRS inika ingcaciso ngokwezi mbono zilandelayo:

I. Iingozi Zomzimba

1. KwiSahluko 2.1, i-pyrotechnic substance okanye umxube uchazwa njengento eqhumayo okanye imixube. Isiphumo sokuqhushumba okanye i-pyrotechnic nayo yongezwa ngokutsha. Sisiphumo esiveliswa kukuzixhasa ngokwaso kweekhemikhali eziphumayo ezibandakanya ukothuka, ukuqhekeka, uqikelelo, ubushushu, ukukhanya, isandi, igesi kunye nomsi.

2. KwiSahluko 2.6, indlela yokuvavanya i-open-cup yolwelo oluvuthayo iqaliswa. Uvavanyo lwendebe evulekileyo lwamkelekile kulwelo olungenako ukuvavanywa kwiindlela zovavanyo lwendebe evaliweyo (ngenxa ye-viscosity yazo) okanye xa idatha yovavanyo lwendebe evulekileyo sele ikhona. Kwezi meko, i-5.6℃ kufuneka ithathwe kwixabiso elilinganisiweyo, njengoko iindlela zovavanyo lwendebe evulekileyo ngokubanzi zikhokelela kumaxabiso aphezulu kuneendlela zendebe evaliweyo. Nangona kunjalo, kwi-GHS Rev.9, iimvavanyo ezivaliweyo zamkelwa kuphela kwiimeko ezizodwa.

3. KwiSahluko 2.7, i-powders yensimbi ibhekisela kwi-powders yesinyithi okanye i-alloys yensimbi.

4. Inkcazo yeziqhushumbisi ezingavakaliswayo icace ngakumbi. Iziqhushumbisi ezingevaniyo zibhekisa kwizinto kunye nemixube ekwisahluko 2.1 ephothiweyo ukucinezela iipropathi zazo eziqhumayo ngendlela yokuba zihlangabezane nemigaqo echazwe kwi-2.17.2 kwaye ke ngoko zinokukhululwa kudidi lwengozi “Iziqhushumbisi”. Ngapha koko, "Uvavanyo lwesi-3: Ngaba lunobuntununtunu okanye aluzinzanga ngokushushu?" yongezwa kwingqiqo yesigqibo seziqhushumbisi ezingasebenziyo. Iipictograms kunye nesilumkiso seziqhushumbisi kwisahluko 2.1 seGHS Rev.9 ziyacinywa.

II. Iingozi zempilo

1. KwiSahluko 3.1 Ubutyhefu obubukhali, ifomula inikwe ukuvavanya ubutyhefu bokuphefumla phantsi kwexesha elahlukileyo lokuvezwa. Amaxesha okuvezwa awamkelweyo okuguqula ukusuka kwi-30min ukuya kwi-8h ekutyhilekeni.

2. Ukusetyenziswa kweendlela zokuvavanya ezingezona izilwanyana zokuhlelwa kweengozi zempilo zicaciswa ngokukodwa kwiSahluko 3.2 (I-Skin corrosion / irritation), iSahluko 3.3 (Umonakalo omkhulu wamehlo / ukucaphuka kwamehlo) kunye neSahluko 3.4 (Ukuphefumula okanye ukuvuselela isikhumba). Iindlela ezingavavanyiyo ziquka imodeli yekhompyutha exela kwangaphambili ubume besakhiwo-ubudlelwane bomsebenzi (izilumkiso zesakhiwo, i-SAR) okanye ubudlelwane bomsebenzi wesakhiwo sobungakanani (QSARs) kunye nokufunda-ngokubanzi kusetyenziswa i-analogue kunye neendlela zodidi.

3. KwiSahluko 3.2 Ukonakala kwesikhumba/ukucaphuka, izigqibo zokungahlelwa kolusu ukusuka kukufunda ngokuphela kunye (Q)SAR kuya kungqinisiswa kakuhle. Idatha egqibeleleyo engavavanyiyo yokubola kwesikhumba inokusetyenziselwa ukuhlelwa kweziphumo kwiliso.

4. KwiSahluko 3.4 Ukuphefumula okanye ukuvuselela ulusu, ukuhlelwa okusekelwe kwidatha yabantu kuyongezwa. Into ethile ihlelwa njengesilumkisi kulusu kudidi loku-1 ukuba kukho ubungqina ebantwini bokuba loo nto inokukhokelela ekwaziseni ngokudibana kwesikhumba kwinani elininzi labantu. Kwi-3.4.2.2.3 Ukuhlelwa ngokusekelwe kwidatha yezilwanyana eziqhelekileyo, ulwahlulo lwe-skin sensitization yecandelo 1 kunye necandelo elincinci lingenziwa ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo ze-radioisotopic local lymph code assay (LLNA).

III. Iingozi zokusingqongileyo

Uhlaziyo lwenziwa kumagama athile kunye nezivakalisi ukwenza inkcazo ichaneke ngakumbi kwaye icace. Umzekelo, ekupheleni kweSahluko 4.1, "ieleyibhile ezicacileyo zezinto kunye nemixube ehlelwe kolu didi lobungozi ngokusekelwe kwiikhrayitheriya zesi sahluko" inikwe kwaye esi sivakalisi sikwabonakaliswe kwizahluko ezininzi ze-GHS Rev.10.

IV. Iingozi kwimekobume yasemanzini kwiziHlomelo

KwiSihlomelo 9, isikhokelo sokwahlulwa kwe-organicmetallic compounds kunye neetyuwa ze-organicmetallic zongezwa. Ukuze uhlele umxube oqukethe izithako ze-Acute kunye ne-Chronic 1, u-classifier kufuneka aziswe ngexabiso le-M factor ukuze asebenzise indlela yokuhlanganisa.

V. Ingxelo yobungozi kunye nengxelo yokhuseleko

1. Kuvunyelwe ukudibanisa ngaphezu kwengxelo enye yengozi yezempilo yobunzima obulinganayo ukuba, umzekelo, akukho ndawo yaneleyo kwileyibhile. Ngokomzekelo, ingxelo yengozi ye-H317+H340+H350 ibonisa "Inokubangela ukusabela kwesikhumba, iziphene zemfuza kunye nomhlaza".

2. Ingxelo yengozi ye-H315 + H319 ibonisa "ibangela ukucaphuka kwesikhumba kunye nokucaphuka okukhulu kwamehlo".

3. Iingxelo zokhuseleko ziyahlaziywa okanye zongezwe kuhlelo lweengozi ezininzi phantsi kwe-GHS Rev.10. Umzekelo, i-P262, i-P264 kunye ne-P270 yongezwa kwi-acute dermal toxicity-isigaba 3. Utshintsho olukhulu lwenziwa kwiingxelo zothintelo lokuthintela ukuphefumla kwitheyibhile ilandelayo:

Olu guqulelo luhlaziyiweyo luphucula ngokubonakalayo ukucaca kunye nokucaca kwenkqubo yokuhlelwa, ephethe ukubaluleka okukhulu kuhlelo lwe-GHS lweekhemikhali. I-GHS Rev. 10 ikwabonelela ngemibono emitsha yokuqulunqwa kunye nohlaziyo lwemigaqo ye-GHS kumazwe ahlukeneyo, ibonelela ngendlela esekelwe ngokwenzululwazi ekulungiseleleni iilebhile zeekhemikhali ezinobungozi kunye namaphepha edatha yokhuseleko (SDS).

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