Ukuqonda iLori yokuQala kunye neyokuGqibela iMile

Ukuthutha ngeelori ezisebenzayo ukusuka kwimvelaphi ukuya kwizibuko, nokusuka kwizibuko ukuya kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo, zizinto ezibalulekileyo zolungiselelo olunqumla imida.

Eli nqaku lichaza ukuba zeziphi iinkqubo kunye nezinto eziphambili ezibandakanyekayo kwimvelaphi kunye nokuhamba ngelori. Qhubeka ufunda ukuze uqiniseke ukuba iimpahla zakho zifika ngexesha kwaye zingenangxaki.

Isiqulatho
Ilori: ikhonkco elibalulekileyo ekuthuthweni kwempahla
Uthutho lwezikhongozeli zaselwandle
Uthutho lomoya kunye nothutho lwe-LCL
Iintlawulo eziguquguqukayo kwiilori
Iingqwalasela eziphambili kunye nesishwankathelo

Ilori: ikhonkco elibalulekileyo ekuthuthweni kwempahla

Iinkonzo zelori zemvelaphi kunye nendawo eziya kuyo zisoloko zibizwa ngokuba 'yimayile yokuqala' kunye 'nemayile yokugqibela'. Ukuphatha imayile yokuqala kunye neyokugqibela ngokukhawuleza nangempumelelo kunokwenza umahluko omkhulu kwixesha lohambo lokuya kwindlu ngendlu lilonke kunye neendleko zothutho zizonke. Ukulibaziseka akunyusi nje ixesha lokuthunyelwa kwempahla, kodwa kongeza kwiindleko zokuvalelwa kweekhonteyina, iimali zezibuko kunye neendleko zokugcina.

Ngokwemigaqo yokuthumela ngenqanawe, imvelaphi kunye nendawo yokuya kulori ibizwa ngokuba 'yikhareji' okanye 'idrayage', amagama embali asuka kwiinqwelo ezitsalwa ngamahashe, okanye iidrayi, ezazisetyenziselwa ukuhambisa iimpahla ukuya nokubuya ezinqanaweni. Ezi ekugqibeleni zatshintshwa ziinkonzo zelori, kodwa imiqathango imoto kwaye i-drayage ihlala.

Ukutsalwa kwamanzi ngokuqhelekileyo kubhekiselele ekuthuthweni kwemithwalo yempahla yaselwandle ukuya okanye ukusuka kwizibuko. ICartage idla ngokubhekisa ekuthuthweni ngepallets okanye kwikhathoni ekhululekileyo yothutho lomoya okanye ukuhanjiswa kwe-LCL. Ukutsala amanzi kunye nekhareji akubhekiseli kwiinkonzo zelori ezithatha ixesha elide.

Uthutho lwezikhongozeli zaselwandle

kuba imithwalo yolwandle, iimpahla zipakishwa kwizikhongozeli ngaphambi kokuba zilayishwe enqanaweni, emva koko izikhongozeli zinokulayishwa ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye zipakishwe ngokusekelwe kuhambo lwenqanawa kunye neshedyuli yokukhutshwa kwesikhongozeli. Nangona kunjalo, izikhongozeli zilinganiselwe kwimiqathango yokusetyenziswa kwekhontrakthi, ngoko ke nakuphi na ukulibaziseka okungeyomfuneko ekuthathweni kweekhonteyina okanye kubuyiswa kubangela iindleko.

Imvelaphi yedrayage

Inkqubo yokutsala amanzi kwimvelaphi iqala ngokufumana (ukukhulula) isikhongozeli esingenanto, ukupakisha isikhongozeli kwindawo yokugcina impahla yomhambisi, kwaye iphele ‘ngokungena’ kwisingxobo esikwizibuko esilungele ukulayishwa.

Ukukhulula izitya ezingenanto

Isithuba sesikhongozeli seencwadi zomthumeli kwinqanawa ekhethiweyo kunye nomhla wokuhamba ngesikhephe. Umthuthi wolwandle emva koko ukhupha uMyalelo wokuKhupha iKhontenti (CRO) / uMyalelo wokuThumela (SO) kumthumeli, ngolwazi kunye negunya lokuba umqhubi welori athathe isitya esingenanto.

Abathuthi baselwandle bavumela ixesha eliqingqiweyo ukusuka xa isikhongozeli esingenanto sithathwa kwindawo yokugcina de isikhongozeli sifakwe kwisango kwizibuko. Kukho intlawulo yesohlwayo seentsuku ezongezelelweyo apho isikhongozeli sibanjwe ngumthumeli, kwaye loo nto ibizwa ngokuba yintlawulo yokuvalelwa.

Isiqulathi silayishwa kwimvelaphi

Umthumeli ulayisha isikhongozeli kwindawo yokugcina impahla aze agqibezele onke amaphepha anxulumene nokuthunyelwa. Ukulayishwa ngokufanelekileyo kwezikhongozeli kufuna ukuba ubunzima bomthwalo busasazwe ngokulinganayo. Kolunye uthutho lwamazwe ngamazwe, ukulayishwa kweekhonteyina kunokuthi kube phantsi kokuhlolwa kwangaphambili kokuthunyelwa kwempahla yesiqhelo apho amagosa othutho anokuthi emva koko ayitywine isikhongozeli xa silayisha. Nakuphi na ukulibaziseka ekungeneni kwisikhongozeli esikwizibuko kungenza umrhumo wokuvalelwa.

Isingxobo sangaphakathi

Nje ukuba isikhongozeli silayishiwe, umqhubi welori uyisa isitya kwindawo yokulayisha. Oku kubizwa ngokuba 'yisango lokungena' okanye 'isango lokungena'. Isingxobo siyahlolwa kwaye silinganiswe, kwaye amaxwebhu aqinisekisiwe. Iikhreyini zezibuko zipakisha izikhongozeli ze emva koko zizilayishe kwinqanawa eyabelweyo.

Umthuthi wolwandle uya kube evumelene ngexesha lokuvala isango kunye nomsebenzisi wezibuko, kwaye umthumeli kufuneka ahlangabezane naloo mhla wokugqibela ukwenza umhla wokuhamba ngesikhephe, atshixe isantya somthwalo, kwaye aphephe imirhumo engeyomfuneko yokubamba isikhongozeli. Luxanduva lomthumeli ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukungena kugqityiwe, ngokwemvumelwano yokuthwala impahla. 

Indawo yokufikela

Inkqubo yokutsala amanzi kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo iqala emva kokuba inkonkxa icociwe amasiko kwaye iye yakhululwa ukuba ithathwe ngumthuthi wolwandle. Isikhongozelo ke ngoko 'siyakhutshelwa ngaphandle', umthwalo wothulwe kwisikhongozeli kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo, emva koko isingxobo esingenanto sibuyiselwe kwitheminali yezibuko.

Isingxobo sangaphandle kwesango

Emva kokuba inkonkxa ikhutshiwe kwisikhephe esifikayo, kwaye emva kokuba lonke imvume yokungenisa elizweni igqityiwe kunye neentlawulo eziyimfuneko zenziwe, umqhubi welori owabelweyo unokuchola umgqomo kwizibuko.

Kwindawo yokuphuma, ukuhlolwa kwesikhongozeli kunye namaxwebhu kugqityiwe, usuku lokuphuma kwesikhongozeli kunye nexesha lifakwe kwinkqubo yezibuko, kwaye umqhubi welori unokuhamba nesikhongozeli. Umthumeli okanye Umthunywa, kuxhomekeke kwikhontrakthi yokuthwala, inoxanduva lokugqiba i-gating-out.

Ukothula umgqomo kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo

Nje ukuba ikhonteyina ikhutshelwe ngaphandle, umqhubi welori uya kuyithutha iyise kwidilesi yokuhanjiswa ukuze yothulwe. Kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo, umthumeli uya kothula imithwalo kwisikhongozeli aze agqibezele onke amaphepha okuziswa kwawo. Ulibaziseko lungenzeka ukuba izixhobo zokothula azikho okanye ukuba kukho ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi.

Ukubuyiswa kwezikhongozeli ezingenanto 

Indawo ekuyiwa kuyo, xa isikhongozelo sothulwe kufuneka sibuyiselwe singenanto kwindawo yokugcina izikhongozeli zomthuthi wolwandle. Umthuthi wolwandle uya kuvumela kuphela iintsuku ezimbalwa ukusuka ekuphumeni de kube kubuya umgqomo ongenanto, okanye umrhumo wokuvalelwa imihla ngemihla uhlawuliswa.

Uthutho lomoya kunye nothutho lwe-LCL

Uthutho lothutho lomoya lunokulayishwa kwinqwelo-moya kusetyenziswa isixhobo somthwalo weyunithi (ULD) okanye ipalethi yenqwelo-moya enepalethi enethi. Amaqela anikezela ngeenkonzo kumhlaba wesikhululo seenqwelomoya ahambisa imithwalo ukuya nokubuya kwinqwelo-moya, ukuya kwiindawo zokugcina kunye nabaphathi bomthwalo kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya. I-Cartage kukuqokelelwa kunye nokuthuthwa kwempahla xa sele yohluliwe ukusuka kwi-ULD kwiipallets, iikhreyithi, iibhokisi okanye iibhokisi.

Imoto yemvelaphi

I-Origin cartage ibandakanya ukuthutha ukuthutha kunye nokuthutha ukukhetha uloyiko lomoya indawo yokugcina impahla, okanye ukuhamba kwempahla phakathi kwendawo yokugcina impahla, kwindawo yokugcina impahla, okanye kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya.

Ukuthunyelwa kwePalletized

Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla okanye izinto ezinkulu zinokubekwa kwiipaliti zomthi okanye zeplastiki ezinobungakanani obuqhelekileyo, kwaye zishwabene-zisongelwe ukhuseleko. Iipalethi zifuna iforklift ukuze zilayishwe kwilori ukuze zifakwe kwisikhululo sempahla ukuze zihlanganiswe.

Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla

Ukuthunyelwa ngokukhululekileyo kunokubandakanya iibhokisi, iibhokisi kunye nezinto ezincinci ezinemilo engaqhelekanga. I uloyiko ludluliselwe okanye inkampani ye-express iya kucebisa ngemigangatho yabo yokupakisha. Ezi zinto ziqokelelwa yilori encinci okanye iveni enokuthi ithathe abantu abaninzi kwindawo enye kwindlela yabo.

Ukudityaniswa kwendawo yokugcina impahla

Kwindawo yokugcina impahla okanye kwiziko lohlobo oluphumayo, umthumeli wothutho lomoya udibanisa uthutho olusuka kubathengi abahlukeneyo, kunye nelizwe elinye lendawo ekuyiwa kuyo, kwinqwelomoya enye ULD. Oku kuvumela umhambisi wothutho lomoya ukuba afikelele elona xabiso liphezulu kumthuthi womoya. Iinkonzo eziphantsi komhlaba emva koko zihambisa isikhongozeli kwinqwelomoya.

Indawo yokufikela

Ikhareji yendawo ekuyiwa kuyo ingabandakanya uthutho lothutho phakathi kwesikhululo seenqwelomoya, indawo yokugcina impahla, indawo yokugcina impahla, okanye yendawo ukudityaniswa okanye iziko lokuhlela, okanye ukuhanjiswa kumthumeli.

Ukudityaniswa kweWarehouse

Nje ukuba uthutho lothutho lomoya lufikile kwaye ii-ULD zothulwe, iinkonzo eziphantsi komhlaba ziziqhubela kwindawo yokugcina impahla. Ii-ULD zothulwa kwaye zihlelwe (zinqunyanyisiwe) ukuze zihanjiswe kwingingqi okanye ukuthunyelwa. I-ULD kufuneka ibuyiselwe kumphathi womoya ngaphakathi kwexesha elivunyelweyo okanye i-ULD demurrage Iintlawulo zenziwa.

Ukuthunyelwa kwePalletized

Iimpahla ezithunyelwa ngempahla ezifika zifakwe ngephalethi ziya kothulwa ukusuka e-ULD kwindawo yokugcina iimpahla zothutho ngeforklift kwaye zilayishwe kwilori ukuze zihanjiswe.

Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla

Ukuthunyelwa ngokukhululekileyo kuthululwa kwi-ULD, ihlelwe kwaye yabelwe indlela yokuhambisa. Emva koko zihanjiswa ngelori encinane okanye iveni ehambisa izinto ezininzi kwindlela eyabelweyo yokuhambisa.

Iintlawulo eziguquguqukayo kwiilori

Iintlawulo zelori ziya kubandakanywa kwikowuteshini yokuthumela evela kumthumeli wakho wempahla. Iintlawulo eziguquguqukayo zinokongezwa kwi-invoyisi yokugqibela:

• Intlawulo yamafutha eyongeziweyo yintlawulo kushishino lwelori olunceda abaqhubi belori balinganise ukuguquguquka kwexabiso lepetroli. Le ntlawulo iyahluka ukusuka kwimarike ukuya kwimarike.
• Imirhumo yezibuko irhafiswa ngugunyaziwe wezibuko ngokusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo neenkonzo zezibuko, ezinjengokulayisha iikhonteyina kunye nokothula okanye ukugcinwa kwesikhululo sezibuko. Imirhumo ye-Demurrage ihlawuliswa ngumthuthi wolwandle ngalo naliphi na ixesha ngeentsuku ezivumelekileyo ezivumelekileyo ukuba ikhonteyina ifakwe kwizibuko. Ukuthintela iintlawulo ze-demurrage, umgqomo kufuneka ufakwe kwisango elifutshane ngaphambi komhla wokuvala izibuko kwimvelaphi, okanye ukhutshwe ngaphandle kwezibuko ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba ukhutshiwe kwinqanawa.
• Imirhumo yokuvalelwa ihlawuliswa ngumgca wokuthutha ukusetyenziswa okwandisiweyo kwesitya xa ingaphandle kwechweba, apho umthumeli ugcina isitya ngaphaya kweentsuku ezivumelekileyo ezikhululekile. Ukubuyisela isikhongozeli esingenanto kuthintela iindleko zokuvalelwa.
• Iintlawulo zetheminali yenqwelomoya ziintlawulo ezifunwa ngumsebenzi wesikhululo senqwelomoya ukuhlawula iindleko zokuphatha imithwalo, ukusetyenziswa kwesixhobo, kunye naluphi na ukuphatha ipalethi.
• Imirhumo yokudityaniswa ziintlawulo zomntu wesithathu zokwaphula isikhongozeli sibe sisithuthelo somntu ngamnye kwindawo yokugcina impahla, phambi kokuba ukuthunyelwa kuqwalaselwe kwaye kukhweliswe ngeelori kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.

Iingqwalasela eziphambili kunye nesishwankathelo

Imayile yokuqala yokuthathwa kunye nokuthuthwa kweelori zeempahla ezisuka kuyo, kunye neyokugqibela yeelori kunye nokuhanjiswa kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo, kunokuba nefuthe kulo lonke ixesha lokuthunyelwa kunye neendleko. Amazibuko afuna abathwali kunye nabaqhubi belori ukuba balayishe kwaye bakhuphe ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo, okanye izohlwayo zibekwe.

I-drayige kunye ne-cartage ilawulwa ngumthumeli wempahla, kunye neendleko ezipheleleyo eziboniswe kwikoteyishini kunye nekhontrakthi, kodwa iindleko eziguqukayo kunye nezohlwayo zinokongezwa. Ukunyanzelwa nokuvalelwa ngokukodwa kufuneka kulawulwe kwaye kuthintelwe ukuba kunokwenzeka ngocwangciso olululo kunye nokucwangciswa kweshedyuli.

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