Ukuqonda kanye Ngexesha (JIT) kunye nendlela onokuthi uxhamle ngayo kuyo

Xa iJIT yaziswa okokuqala kwi Ngoo-1970 ngumsebenzi wakwaToyota uTaiichi Ohno eJapan, akukho mntu waziyo ukuba iza kuwaguqula njani amashishini. Inciphisa inkunkuma ngokuzisa kuphela oko kufunwayo emva kokuba abathengi befake iiodolo. Namhlanje, iJIT ngumbono odumileyo owamkelwa zizenzo ezindala nezintsha ngokufanayo.

Isiqulatho
Yintoni iJIT, ngendlela?
Imizekelo Yexesha Kanye esebenzayo
Iingenelo Zokufumana Kanye Ngexesha
Iingxaki zeXesha nje
Pholisha isicwangciso sexesha elifanelekileyo

Yintoni iJIT, ngendlela?

I-JIT yifilosofi yolawulo efuna ukulungelelanisa imathiriyeli ekrwada kwimigca ethile yemveliso xa ifuneka ukuze kugcinwe owona mthamo usezantsi wempahla kunye nemathiriyeli ekrwada ekhoyo. Ibonakaliswa ngu;

• Ukwahlulahlula okukodwa kunye nokuguquguqukayo kwabasebenzi
• Ukuhamba ngokuqhubekayo kwempahla kunye nezinto ezikrwada ngamanani amancinci
• Ukuthenga okuzenzekelayo
• Ixesha elifutshane lokuhambisa
• Ulondolozo lokuthintela
• Vala amaqhina kunye nababoneleli
• Ukufumana indawo, kwiimeko ezininzi

Ukuqinisekisa iinkqubo ezigudileyo, i-JIT idume ngokusebenzisa i-Kanban, isakhelo solawulo lomsebenzi esaqanjwa ngo-1940 esijolise ekulinganiseni iimfuno kunye nabasebenzi abakhoyo. Abasebenzi babelwa kwiindawo ezithile zokusebenza kwaye njengoko iimpahla zihamba kwinqanaba ngalinye, wonke umntu unokujonga inkqubo kwiibhodi ekwabelwana ngazo ezincedisa ekwenzeni izigqibo ezinolwazi kunye nokuthintela ukunqongophala kwezinto eziluhlaza kwimigca yokuvelisa.

Imizekelo Yexesha Kanye esebenzayo

1. IToyota

I-Toyota yaqala ukusebenzisa inkqubo ye-JIT emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini ukuze ifumane okona kulungileyo kwizixhobo ezinqabileyo, ukunciphisa inkcitho, kunye nokumelana nokhuphiswano. Ke, endaweni yokuvelisa amawaka eemodeli ezithile ngexesha elifana ne-USA, iToyota ikhethe ukwenza “iodolo phambi kokuba senze” indlela.

Imodeli yakhawuleza yafumana ingcambu ithatha ithuba lendawo encinci yomhlaba yaseJapan, eyanciphisa ixesha lothutho. Phakathi ko-1960 kunye no-1980, inkqubo esebenzayo, eyayivelisa iimoto zexabiso eliphantsi, yatyhalela iToyota kwimarike yase-USA ngempumelelo enkulu. Ngowe-1966, izinto zeToyota iphindwe kathathu ukuya kuma-20,000, kwaye inkampani yaba lolona hlobo lwesithathu lwentengiso yokuthengisa kumazwe angaphandle kweli lizwe.

2. Abathengisi

Abathengisi abafana neWalmart kunye neThagethi basebenzisa i-JIT ukunciphisa uluhlu lwempahla kunye nokucima izithuba zeshelufu. Besebenzisa ubuchule bokuqikelela, baqikelela iipateni zokuthenga kwaye bacwangcise ukungena kwempahla yexesha lonyaka xa imfuno iphezulu. Iishelufa ziyakhululwa njengoko ixesha lonyaka liphela.

3 Apple

Ihlangulwe kumda wokuzinza kwilinge elingenangeniso, iApple yenye yezigebenga ezivuna izibonelelo zeJIT. Yaqala yonke loo nto xa uApple waqesha uTim Cook njengosekela mongameli womsebenzi wehlabathi ngo-1998. Wavala iifektri zamazwe ngamazwe kunye noovimba ngelixa eseka ubudlelwane obusondeleyo neekontraka ezizimeleyo, ezingabizi kakhulu, nezithembekileyo ezivela e-China, nto leyo ekhokelele ekubeni inkampani yamkele iJIT.

4. Kellogg's

Njengoko uKellogg eneminyaka engaphezu kwe-100 evelisa amashwamshwam, ayimangalisi into yokuba i-Just in Time isembindini wokuphatha kwayo okunencasa ukulawula ngokufanelekileyo izithako ezitshabalalayo. Inkampani ihlala iqinisekisa ukuba inokwaneleyo ukunyamekela iimveliso eziyalelweyo.

5. UZara

Ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-450 zezinto ezifika kwintengiso ngonyaka, iZara ilawula inkqubo yemveliso esebenzayo ngokudibana rhoqo neebhetshi ezincinci zokuhanjiswa kwiivenkile zayo ezingama-2000+ kabini ngeveki.

Iingenelo Zokufumana Kanye Ngexesha

Kanye Ngexesha ngundoqo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nemveliso, kunye nokwandisa imbuyekezo.

Iindleko ezincitshisiweyo

Ukusebenza ngesixa esilinganiselweyo kunciphisa iindleko ngokonga irenti, umsebenzi, umbane, nexesha elifunekayo ukuze kugcinwe oovimba abakhulu.

• Inkcitho ephantsi

I-JIT icoca iindleko zolawulo lwenkunkuma ngokugcina amaqondo enkunkuma ephantsi.

• Ukuncitshiswa kwenkunzi yokusebenza ehamba ngenkqubo

Imali yokusebenza sisixa semali esisetyenziselwa ukuqhuba imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. I-JIT inciphisa oku ngokunciphisa iindleko zokugcina kunye nokunciphisa imijikelo ye-inventri.

• Isitokhwe esingaphantsi esifileyo

Xa iimpahla ezigqityiweyo zihlala kwindawo yokugcina impahla ixesha elide, ziba impahla efileyo okanye uluhlu lwezinto eziphelelwe lixesha. Okukhona iimpahla zigcinwa ixesha elide, kokukhona umphumo uba yingozi ngakumbi kumashishini kuba kufuneka aguqulwe abe yimali ukuze ahlawule amatyala kwaye afumane inzuzo. Kwinkqubo ye-JIT, kuba inkampani izalisekisa kuphela ii-odolo ezilindileyo, ukuqokelelwa kwesitokhwe esifileyo akunakwenzeka.

Ukuphuculwa okuqhubekayo komgangatho wemveliso

Abasebenzi abaqeqeshwe kakuhle nabaguquguqukayo batyala ixesha elininzi ekuphuculeni umgangatho, olingana nomlinganiselo ophezulu owanelisayo.

• Ukuncitshiswa kwempahla phantsi komsebenzi oqhubekayo

Abasebenzi banexhala elincinci malunga nokucoca imisebenzi elindileyo, ngaloo ndlela besebenza ngakumbi ekunikezeni iziphumo ezintle.

• Ukufana kwemveliso

Ukufana kwemveliso kubalulekile xa kuthenjiswa abathengi ngomgangatho ongaguqukiyo. I-JIT ifezekisa oko ngokumisela iinkqubo zokusebenza.

Ukuphuculwa kokusebenza 

I-JIT iphelisa ukugqithisa ngokuvula izikhululo kunye nokugudisa imigca yokuhambisa. Ikwasusa izinto ezingafunekiyo kunye nempahla egqityiweyo, inika inkampani ixesha lokucwangcisa iiodolo ezilandelayo.

• Ukufumana indawo

Ukuba nabanikezeli indawo yokuphosa ilitye kwandisa ixesha lokuphendula kunye nokuthembeka, kwaye kuphelisa ukuphuka okunxulumene nokuthutha.

• Yehlisa isitokhwe esiphelelwe lixesha

Izinga eliphezulu lokuthengiswa kwempahla linciphisa ixesha lokuhlala kwempahla kwindawo yokugcina impahla, nto leyo ethintela ukuphelelwa lixesha kwempahla.

Iingxaki zeXesha nje

I-JIT ibala kuye wonke umntu okwijelo lemveliso ukuba asebenze ngokungenasiphako. Kwishishini, akukho nto injalo; ngoko ke, ukuqhekeka kuqhelekile kwaye kuchaphazela yonke iziseko zophuhliso.

Iingxaki zexesha

Kunzima kakhulu ukuphumeza ukufaneleka kwexesha kuyo yonke inkqubo, ngakumbi ukuba abaphathi abajongi amakhonkco obonelelo.

• Ukuthembela ngokugqithisileyo ekufikeni kwexesha kwabaxhasi

Ukuxhomekeka ngokugqithisileyo ekufikeni kwexesha kwababoneleli kuyingozi, kwaye izinto ezingalunganga ziyonakalisa kwaye zibonakala kakuhle ngakumbi xa usebenza ngeeodolo ezinkulu.

Ishishini linokuthi, nangona kunjalo, lithintele le ngozi ngokuhlola rhoqo ababoneleli kunye nokuba neendlela ezininzi zokuya kuzo.

Iindleko ezingalunganga

I-JIT ihlala ingena kwintengiselwano ephezulu kunye neendleko zokuqhuba kwakhona imveliso ngenxa yokungakwazi ukwenza imali kuqoqosho lwesikali.

• Iindleko eziphezulu zokuphindaphinda

Ukulungisa iziphene kuyabiza xa kungekho mathiriyeli ekrwada esandleni.

• Ukungaphumeleli kwesikali

Ukungaphumeleli kwesikali kubangela ukunyuswa kweendleko zemveliso.

• Iindleko eziphezulu zentengiselwano

Iindleko zentengiselwano zihlawulela ukutshintshiselana ngeempahla neenkonzo. Ziquka iikhomishini kunye neentlawulo zebhanki, kunye ne-JIT, kuba kukho ukutshintshiselana okuninzi, iindleko zokuthengiselana ziphezulu.

Ukunyuka kokuxhomekeka kuqikelelo

Ngenxa yeendlela zokuziphatha zabathengi ezingalindelekanga, iinkampani ezisebenzisa iJIT zixhomekeke kuqikelelo ukugqiba ukuba imfuno iya kuba phezulu nini kwaye ilungiselele amaqela abo kunye nababoneleli baloo nto. Ngelishwa, iingqikelelo azichanekanga; kungoko amashishini ephela elandela umkhondo wobuxoki.

Utshintsho lwamaxabiso olungalindelekanga lunesiphumo esibi

Abamkeli be-JIT abanalo ubunewunewu bokubamba isitokhwe ngokulindela amaxabiso angcono. Enyanisweni, ngokungena kancinane kwixabiso, amashishini aphela ethengisa iimpahla ngexabiso elikhoyo nangona efumana imathiriyeli ekrwada ngexabiso eliphezulu.

Izenzo zendalo

Iintlekele zendalo ziphazamisa ukungena kwezinto eziluhlaza, zimisa imveliso. Umzekelo, emva kwetsunami ka-2011 eJapan yashiya iToyota ikhangela imigca emitsha yokubonelela ukukhusela iinxalenye ezingaphezu kwe-1200.

Utyalo-mali olukhulu ekuphuhliseni uthungelwano lonxibelelwano

Utyalo-mali kubuchwephesha bekhompyuter obuhlaziyiweyo obudibanisa abachaphazelekayo yimfuneko ukuba Kanye ngexesha lisebenze ngokungenamgudu. Oku kufuna isixamali senaliti yemali kwaye isenokungafikeleleki kuqalo oluninzi. Ngaphaya koko, amashishini kufuneka aqeshe abasebenzi be-IT abaqeqeshiweyo ukuba baqhube kwaye bakhusele ulwazi olwabelwana ngalo kubagezeli.

Pholisha isicwangciso sexesha elifanelekileyo

I-JIT yinkqubo yolawulo lwempahla eyenzelwe eJapan iToyota kwaye yamkelwe ziinkampani ezininzi kubo bonke ubomi bayo. Inkqubo ithatha iiodolo kubathengi, icela oko ikufunayo, kunye neenkqubo eziya kwiimveliso ezigqityiweyo. Amashishini axhamla kwi-JIT kuba inciphisa iindleko zokugcina, iphucula imveliso yemveliso, kwaye iqinisekisa ukufana kwemveliso.

Ngelishwa, abavelisi banokungena kwiindleko eziphezulu zentengiselwano, bajongane nokulibaziseka rhoqo, kwaye bathwale umngcipheko wokutshintsha kwexabiso. Ngethamsanqa, ukucwangciswa okucokisekileyo, ukulungiswa kakuhle kwamakhonkco okubonelela, kunye nokunqumamisa ukuqwalasela imingcipheko kuya kuba luncedo ekunciphiseni ukungahambelani kwemveliso ye-JIT.

Njengoko uqhubeka nokupolisha isicwangciso sexesha nje, nazi izicwangciso zolawulo lwababoneleli abanobuchule.