Ukuqonda uMthetho we-80/20: Umgaqo wePareto kwiShishini

Umthetho we-80/20, owaziwa ngokuba ngumgaqo wePareto, ngumbono obonisa inani elincinci lezizathu ezihlala zikhokelela kwinxalenye enkulu yeziphumo. Lo mgaqo uneempembelelo ezinzulu kuzo zonke imimandla eyahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa ulawulo lweshishini, ulawulo lomgangatho, kunye nemveliso yomntu.

Ithiywe ngoVilfredo Pareto, owathi waqaphela ukuba i-80% yobutyebi base-Italiya ibiyeyomntu wama-20% wabemi, umgaqo wePareto unceda ekuqondeni nasekulungiseni ukusasazwa kokungalingani kwamagalelo kunye neziphumo kwiinkqubo ezininzi.

Imvelaphi yoMgaqo wePareto

Umgaqo wePareto wavela kuqwalaselo lukaVilfredo Pareto ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19. Ngelixa wayefundela ukwabiwa kobutyebi e-Italiya, uPareto waqaphela ukuba inani elincinane labantu lingabanikazi bomhlaba nobutyebi abaninzi. Oku kwamkhokelela ekubeni aqulunqe umgaqo wokuba i-80% yeziphumo zivela kwi-20% yezizathu, ingcamango ethe yagqitywa kwaye yasetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezininzi.

Impembelelo kaGqirha Joseph Juran

UGqr. Joseph Juran, uvulindlela kulawulo lomgangatho, wadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwaziseni umthetho-siseko wePareto. Waqaphela amandla ayo ekuphuculeni iinkqubo zoshishino kunye nokulawula umgangatho. Amagalelo kaJuran ancede ukudibanisa umgaqo wePareto kwiSix Sigma kunye nezinye izikhokelo zolawulo lomgangatho, egxininisa ukubaluleka kwayo ekuchongeni unobangela weengxaki kunye nokugxila kwizisombululo ezinempembelelo ephezulu.

Ukusebenzisa i-80/20 Rule kuLawulo lweShishini

Kulawulo lweshishini, umthetho we-80/20 sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Icebisa ukuba i-80% yenzuzo yenkampani ihlala ivela kwi-20% yabathengi bayo okanye iimveliso. Ngokuchonga nokujolisa kwezi ndawo ziphambili, amashishini anokwandisa izicwangciso zawo kunye nezixhobo. Lo mgaqo usebenza kwakhona ekuxazululeni iingxaki kunye nokwenza izigqibo, apho ukujongana ne-20% yemibandela ebalulekileyo kunokusombulula i-80% yeengxaki, ukuphucula ukusebenza ngokubanzi kunye nenzuzo yombutho.

Ulawulo lwempahla kunye noMgaqo wePareto

Kulawulo lwe-inventri, umgaqo wePareto unceda ekuchongeni ezona zinto zibalulekileyo zoluhlu lwezinto ezibalelwa kuninzi lwexabiso. Ngokugxininisa kwi-20% yezinto eziphezulu ze-inventory ezivelisa i-80% yokuthengisa, abaphathi bezinto eziphathekayo banokubeka phambili izinto zabo kwaye baqinisekise ukuba ezi zinto zexabiso eliphezulu zihlala zikhona. Le ndlela inciphisa umngcipheko wokuphela kwamasheya kunye nokugqithisa, okukhokelela ekuguqulweni kwe-inventory engcono kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokuthwala.

Ukunciphisa iiBottlenecks zokuSebenza

Imiqobo yokusebenza inokuchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kolungiselelo. Umgaqo wePareto unceda ekuchongeni inani elincinci leenkqubo okanye amanqaku kwikhonkco lokubonelela abangela uninzi lokulibaziseka kunye nemiba. Ngokujolisa kwezi ntsilelo zekhonkco lonikezelo, abaphathi bezothutho banokuphumeza izisombululo ezikhokelela kuphuculo olubonakalayo ekuhambeni konke kwempahla. Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo, ukuphucula umgca ophantsi.

Uhlalutyo lwePareto kuLawulo loMgangatho

Uhlalutyo lwePareto bubuchule bamanani obusetyenziswa kulawulo lomgangatho ukuchonga nokubeka phambili iingxaki. Ngokujolisa kweyona miba ibalulekileyo, iinkampani zinokunikezela ngezibonelelo ngokufanelekileyo ukuze zifezekise impembelelo enkulu. Iitshathi zePareto zihlala zisetyenziswa kule nkqubo ukumela ngokubonakalayo ukuphindaphindeka kunye nempembelelo eyongezelekayo yeziphene, ukunceda amaqela ukuba agxininise kwiindawo eziya kuzisa olona phuculo lukhulu.

UFanelo lweWarehousing

Kwindawo yokugcina impahla, umthetho-siseko wePareto unokusetyenziselwa ukwenza ngcono ugcino kunye neenkqubo zokufumana kwakhona. Ngokugxininisa kwi-20% yezinto ezithatha i-80% yeentshukumo ze-warehouse, abaphathi banokuyila ugcino olusebenzayo ngakumbi kunye neenkqubo zokubuyisela. Oku kugxininiswa kwizinto ezihamba phambili kunciphisa amaxesha okukhetha, ukunciphisa iindleko zabasebenzi, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwendawo yokugcina impahla.

Ukuphucula uLawulo lweXesha kunye noMthetho we-80/20

Umgaqo we-80/20 ngumbono onamandla ekulawuleni ixesha. Icebisa ukuba i-80% yeziphumo zivela kwi-20% yemizamo. Ngokuchonga imisebenzi ebalulekileyo eyenza impembelelo enkulu, abantu ngabanye banokubeka phambili imisebenzi yabo kwaye bagxininise kwizinto ezibaluleke ngokwenene. Le ndlela inceda ekunciphiseni umzamo ochithekileyo kunye nokuzuza okuninzi ngexesha elincinci. Ukudala uluhlu lwezinto eziza kwenziwa ngokusekwe kumgaqo wePareto kunokukhokelela ekubekeni phambili izinto ezibalulekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kakuhle kwexesha.

Imizekelo eSebenzayo yoMgaqo wePareto

Kukho imizekelo emininzi yomgaqo wePareto osebenzayo. Kwiintengiso, kudla ngokubonwa ukuba i-80% yokuthengisa ivela kwi-20% yabathengi. Kuphuhliso lwesoftware, i-80% yemiba yabasebenzisi idla ngokubangelwa yi-20% yeempazamo. Ngokuqaphela ezi patheni, amashishini kunye nabantu ngabanye banokwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi kunye nezicwangciso. Kubarhwebi, ukuqonda umthetho we-80/20 kunokukhokelela ekwabiweni okusebenzayo kwezibonelelo kunye neziphumo ezingcono zizonke.

Ukusasazwa kwePareto kunye neziphumo zayo

Ulwabiwo lwePareto luphawu lwemathematika lomgaqo wePareto. Ichaza usasazo apho inani elincinci leziganeko okanye izizathu zinempembelelo enkulu ngokungenakulinganiswa. Le ngcamango isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwezoqoqosho, ezemali, nakwamanye amasimi ukumisela ulwabiwo olungalinganiyo. Ukuqonda oku kusasazwa kunceda ekwenzeni izigqibo eziqhutywa yidatha kunye nokuchonga amanqaku abalulekileyo okuphucula.

Ukuphuculwa koCwangciso lobuChule ngoMgaqo-siseko wePareto

Kucwangciso lobuchule, umgaqo wePareto unceda ekugxininiseni kwezona zinto zibalulekileyo eziqhuba impumelelo. Ngokuhlalutya iziphumo kunye nokuchonga i-20% ephezulu yemisebenzi eyenza igalelo kwi-80% yeziphumo, imibutho inokuphuhlisa izicwangciso ezisebenzayo kwaye ifezekise iinjongo zabo ngokufanelekileyo. Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukuba izibonelelo zijoliswe kwiindawo ezinempembelelo ephezulu, ukuphucula umgca ophantsi.

Ukubaluleka kweeMetrics ekusebenziseni uMgaqo wePareto

Iimetriki ezichanekileyo zibalulekile ekusebenziseni ngokukuko umthetho-siseko wePareto. Ngokulinganisa kunye nokuhlalutya idatha efanelekileyo, imibutho inokuchonga izinto eziphambili eziqhuba ukusebenza. Ezi metrics zinceda ekudaleni izicwangciso ekujoliswe kuzo kunye nokwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi. Ingaba kulawulo lomgangatho, ukuthengisa, okanye ulawulo lwexesha, ukuba neemetriki ezifanelekileyo kwenza ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo komthetho we-80/20.

Ukusebenzisa iitshathi zePareto ukuze ube nombono

Iitshathi zePareto zisisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokujonga umgaqo wePareto. Ezi tshathi zibonisa ubuninzi beengxaki okanye oonobangela kunye nefuthe labo elongezelekayo. Ngokuqaqambisa eyona miba ibalulekileyo, iitshathi zePareto zinceda amaqela ukuba agxile kwiinzame zawo kwiindawo eziya kuzisa olona phuculo lukhulu. Oku kubonakaliswa okubonakalayo kwenza lula inkqubo yokuchonga kunye nokubeka phambili izinto eziphambili.

Umgaqo wePareto kwiMveliso yoMntu

Umgaqo wePareto awuphelelanga nje kushishino; Ikwanazo nezicelo ezibalulekileyo kwimveliso yomntu. Ngokuchonga i-20% yemisebenzi ekhokelela kwi-80% yeziphumo ezinqwenelekayo, abantu ngabanye banokujolisa iinzame zabo kwizinto ezibalulekileyo ngokwenene. Le ndlela ikhokelela kulawulo olungcono lwexesha, ukwanda kwemveliso, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo. Ukuphumeza umthetho we-80/20 kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla kunokubangela ukukhula okukhulu komntu kunye nobungcali.

Ukoyisa Iingcamango Eziphosakeleyo eziqhelekileyo

Nangona usetyenziswa ngokubanzi, umgaqo wePareto ngamanye amaxesha awuqondwa kakuhle. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba umlinganiselo we-80/20 sisikhokelo esiqhelekileyo kwaye asingomgaqo ongqongqo. Olona lwabiwo lunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kumxholo. Ukongeza, ngelixa umgaqo wePareto unceda ekuchongeni iindawo ezinempembelelo ephezulu, kufuneka isetyenziswe ngokubambisana nezinye izixhobo zokuhlalutya kunye nobuchule bokwenza izigqibo ezibanzi.

Indima yoMgaqo wePareto ekuSombululeni iNgxaki

Ekusonjululweni kwengxaki, umgaqo wePareto unceda ekuchongeni eyona miba ibalulekileyo kwaye uyisombulule kuqala. Ngokugxila kwiingxaki ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-20%, imibutho inokufezekisa uphuculo olukhulu ngomzamo omncinci. Le ndlela iluncedo kakhulu kulawulo lomgangatho kunye neendlela zeSix Sigma, apho ukuchonga nokuphelisa unobangela weziphene kubalulekile kwimpumelelo.

Izempleyithi kunye neZixhobo zokuSebenzisa uMgaqo wePareto

Iimodeli ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo ziyafumaneka ukunceda abantu kunye nemibutho ukusebenzisa umthetho-siseko wePareto ngempumelelo. Ezi zixhobo zibonelela ngeendlela ezicwangcisiweyo zokuhlalutya idatha, ukuchonga izinto eziphambili, kunye nokuphuhlisa izicwangciso ezijoliswe kuzo. Nokuba kungeetshathi zePareto, uluhlu lwezinto eziza kwenziwa, okanye izikhokelo zocwangciso lobuchule, ezi zixhobo ziququzelela ukusetyenziswa ngokubonakalayo komgaqo wama-80/20 kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.

Okukwintsusa

Umgaqo we-80/20, okanye umgaqo wePareto, ngumbono onamandla ogxininisa impembelelo engalinganiyo yezizathu ezincinci kwiziphumo ezipheleleyo. Ukusuka kwimvelaphi yayo kunye neVilfredo Pareto ukuya kwizicelo zayo kushishino lwangoku kunye nemveliso yomntu, umgaqo wePareto ubonelela ngeembono ezixabisekileyo zokuphucula iinzame kunye nokuzuza iziphumo ezinkulu. Ngokuqonda nokusebenzisa lo mgaqo-siseko, abantu kunye nemibutho banokuphucula ukwenza izigqibo, baphucule ukusebenza kakuhle, kwaye baqhubele phambili uphuculo olubonakalayo kuzo zonke iindawo.

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