Iiwasha ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobomi bethu bemihla ngemihla, kodwa ukuntsonkotha kwazo kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zihlala zingahoywa. Eli nqaku ligocagoca kubuchwephesha, ukusetyenziswa, kunye neendleko zeewasha, libonelela ngokuqondwa okubanzi kwaba matshini babalulekileyo. Nokuba yeyoshishino, yorhwebo, okanye isetyenziselwa indawo yokuhlala, ukuqonda iiwasha kunokuchaphazela kakhulu ukhetho lwakho kunye nokugcinwa kwezi zixhobo.
Isiqulatho:
– Yintoni iwasha?
– Zisebenza njani iiwasha?
– Indlela yokusebenzisa iwasha
– Ingaba iwasha ixabisa malini?
– Iiwasha eziphezulu
Yintoni iwasha?
Iwasha, kummandla woomatshini, ingaphezulu lee kunento nje yokucoca iimpahla. Iquka udidi olubanzi lwezixhobo ezenzelwe ukusabalalisa umthwalo, ukukhusela ukuvuza, ukwahlula, ukuthintela ukukhulula, okanye ukubonelela ngohlobo loxinzelelo. Ezi zixhobo zinokususela kwi-washer ye-flat elula esetyenziswe kwi-bolted joint to sophisticated high-pressure washers ezisetyenziselwa iinjongo zokucoca ishishini. Izinto eziphathekayo, uyilo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweewasha kuyahluka ngokubanzi, ukulungiselela iimfuno ezithile kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezifana ne-aerospace, izithuthi, ukwakhiwa kunye nokuvelisa.
Iiwasha zisebenza njengamacandelo abalulekileyo kwiindibano ezininzi zoomatshini, zibonelela ngesithuba kunye nokuhanjiswa komthwalo kwizibophelelo ezifakwe imisonto, ezinjengeebholiti kunye nezikrufu, kunye nokutywinwa kwamalungu ukuthintela ukuvuza kolwelo. Ukubaluleka kwabo ekuqinisekiseni ingqibelelo kunye nokuphila ixesha elide lokudityaniswa komatshini akunakugqithiswa. Ngokuhambela phambili kwisayensi yezixhobo kunye nobunjineli, iiwasha ziye zavela kwizikhewu nje ukuya kwizinto ezintsonkothileyo ezinokuphucula ukusebenza, ukuqina, kunye nokuthembeka koomatshini.
Ukwahlukana kweewasha kubonakala kwiintlobo zabo kunye nokusetyenziswa. Ukusuka kwiiwasha ezicacileyo ezisasaza nje umthwalo kwiiwasha zokutshixa ezenzelwe ukuthintela ukuqina okanye ukukhulula phantsi kwe-vibration okanye i-torque, uhlobo ngalunye lusebenza ngenjongo ekhethekileyo. Iiwasha ezikhethekileyo, ezifana ne-Belleville washers okanye i-wash washers, zibonelela ngeepropati ezinjenge-spring-spring ukuze zigcine amandla kwaye zihlawulele ukwandiswa okanye ukucutha kwizicelo. Ukuqonda indima ethile kunye nokusebenza kohlobo ngalunye lwewasha kubalulekile ekukhetheni iwasha efanelekileyo kuso nasiphi na isicelo.
Zisebenza njani iiwasha?
Ukusebenza kwe-washer kuxhomekeke kuyilo lwayo, izinto eziphathekayo, kunye nesicelo esisetyenziselwa sona. Kwisiseko sawo, umsebenzi ophambili we-washers ezininzi kukusabalalisa uxinzelelo lwentloko ye-fastener ngokulinganayo phezu kwendawo, ukukhusela umonakalo kumphezulu kunye nokuqinisekisa ukukhuseleka ngakumbi kunye nokuncamathela. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwizinto ezithambileyo apho intloko yebholithi okanye isikrufu sinokuzinzisa ngokwaso kwisixhobo, sibangele umonakalo okanye ukungakhuseleki kancinci.
Kwizicelo ezibandakanya iibholiti kunye namantongomane, i-washers inokuthintela ukukhulula ngenxa ye-vibration ngokubonelela ngomgangatho ococekileyo kunye nofanayo kwisenzo se-bolt okanye i-nut. Iiwasha ezitshixayo, umzekelo, zisebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezifana nezangqa zokucanda ezemba kwibholithi kunye nomphezulu wokukhwelana, zithintele ngokufanelekileyo intshukumo enokukhokelela ekukhululekeni. Kwizicelo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu, iiwasha eziyilwe ngokukodwa zinokwenza itywina elithintela ukuvuza kwamanzi, zisebenza njenge-fastener yomatshini kunye nesixhobo sokutywina.
Umgaqo wokusebenza wabahlambi ukwandise ukukwazi kwabo ukuhlawulela ukwandiswa kwe-thermal kunye nokunciphisa kwizinto eziphathekayo. Kwiindawo apho utshintsho lweqondo lokushisa lubalulekile, iiwasha ezifana ne-Belleville washers zinokugcina amandla angatshintshiyo nangona utshintsho lwe-dimensional kwindibano. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba ingqibelelo yoqhagamshelo igcinwa ngaphandle kwemfuneko yohlengahlengiso rhoqo okanye ukutshintshwa, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukuthembeka okupheleleyo kunye nokuphila ixesha elide koomatshini.
Indlela yokusebenzisa iwasha
Ukusebenzisa iwasha ngokuchanekileyo kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphumezeni iziphumo ezinqwenelekayo, nokuba kukuqinisekisa ukuqina okukhuselekileyo okanye ukuthintela ukuvuza. Isinyathelo sokuqala ekusebenziseni iwasha kukukhetha uhlobo olufanelekileyo kunye nobukhulu besicelo. Oku kubandakanya ukuqwalasela izinto eziphathekayo, uhlobo lomthwalo (i-static okanye i-dynamic), iimeko zokusingqongileyo (ezifana nokuchayeka kwiikhemikhali okanye ubushushu obugqithisileyo), kunye nokuqina okufunekayo.
Emva kokuba iwasha efanelekileyo ikhethiwe, kufuneka ibekwe phezu kwebholiti okanye isikrufu, iqinisekise ukuba ihleli ngokulinganayo phambi kokuba i-fastener ifakwe emngxunyeni. Kwizicelo ezifuna ukutywinwa, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba iwasha iyahambelana nolwelo ekujongwe ukutywinwa ngalo. I-fastener kufuneka iqiniswe kwi-torque ekhuthazwa ngumenzi, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iwasha ixinzelelwe ngokulinganayo. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kwiiwasha ezenzelwe ukubonelela ngesitywina okanye ukugcina uxinzelelo.
Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa kungundoqo ekusetyenzisweni kakuhle kweewasha. Oku kubandakanya ukujonga iimpawu zokuguga, ukubola, okanye umonakalo, kunye nokutshintshwa kweewasha njengoko kuyimfuneko ukugcina ingqibelelo yendibano. Ukusetyenziswa okubalulekileyo, ukusebenzisa i-torque wrenches okanye i-thread-locking compounds inokunyusa ukhuseleko lwe-joint edibeneyo, ukuncedisa umsebenzi we-washer.
Ingaba iwasha ixabisa malini?
Iindleko zeewasha zihluka ngokubanzi ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo, izinto eziphathekayo, ubungakanani kunye nobuninzi. Iiwasha ezilula ezisicaba ezenziwe ngezinto eziqhelekileyo njengentsimbi okanye irabha zinokufikeleleka kakhulu, zihlala zibiza iisenti nje ezimbalwa xa zithengwe ngobuninzi. Nangona kunjalo, iiwasha ezikhethekileyo, ezinjengezo zenziwe ngezinto eziphambili ezifana ne-titanium okanye ezenzelwe uxinzelelo oluphezulu okanye izicelo zobushushu obuphezulu, zinokubiza kakhulu, ngamanye amaxesha zibiza iidola ezininzi.
Kwiiwasha zoxinzelelo zomgangatho wabathengi ezisetyenziselwa ukucoca ikhaya okanye ukuthengisa ukukhanya, amaxabiso anokuthi asuse malunga ne-100 yeedola kwiimodeli ezisisiseko zombane ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-1,000 yeedola kumatshini anamandla amakhulu, asebenza ngegesi. Iiwasha zoxinzelelo lomgangatho weshishini, ezikwaziyo ukuhambisa uxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu kunye nesantya sokuhamba kwezicelo zokucoca ezinobunzima, zinokuxabisa amawaka eedola.
Xa kuqwalaselwa iindleko zeewasha, kubalulekile ukubala ixesha lokuphila kunye neemfuno zokulondolozwa kwewasha ukongeza kwixabiso lokuqala lokuthenga. Utyalo-mali kwiiwasha ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezinika ukuqina okukhulu kunye nokuthembeka kunokubangela iindleko eziphantsi eziphantsi kwexesha, ngakumbi kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo okanye zokunxiba okuphezulu.
Iiwasha eziphezulu
Ukuchonga abahlambi abaphezulu kufuna ukuqwalasela iimfuno ezithile zesicelo, kubandakanywa uhlobo lomthwalo, iimeko zokusingqongileyo, kunye nokuqina okufunekayo. Ukusetyenziswa kwenjongo ngokubanzi, iiwasha zensimbi ezingenasici zijongwa kakhulu ngenxa yokudibanisa amandla, ukuxhathisa ukubola, kunye nokufikeleleka. Iiwasha ezitshixayo, ezinje ngeringi eqhekezayo okanye iiwasha ezinamazinyo, ziyimfuneko kwizicelo ezithanda ukungcangcazela okanye imithwalo eguqukayo, eqinisekisa ukuba izibophelelo zihlala zikhuselekile ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Kwindawo yoxinzelelo loxinzelelo, ukhetho oluphezulu lubandakanya iimodeli zombane ukuze zisebenziseke lula, ukusebenza ngokuzolileyo, kunye nokungabikho kokukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo, okuzenza zilungele ukusetyenziswa kwindawo yokuhlala. Iimpawu ezifana ne-Sun Joe kunye neGreenworks zihlala zinconywa ngokuthembeka kunye nokusebenza kwazo. Ukufumana izicelo ezifuna kakhulu, iimodeli ezisebenza ngerhasi ezivela kwiibrendi ezifana noSimpson kunye neGenerac zibonelela ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye namazinga okuhamba, okubenza bafanelekele imisebenzi yokucoca okanye yorhwebo.
Isiphelo:
Iiwasha, kwiifomu zazo ezininzi, zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kuluhlu olubanzi lomatshini kunye nokusetyenziswa. Ukusuka kwizixhobo ezilula zokuhambisa umthwalo ukuya ekutywinweni okuphucukileyo kunye nokugcina uxinzelelo, ukuqonda iintlobo, ukusebenza, kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kweewasha kubalulekile kuye nabani na obandakanyekayo kugcino lomatshini, uyilo, okanye ukusetyenziswa. Ngokukhetha okufanelekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa, i-washers inokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza, ukuthembeka, kunye nexesha elide leendibano zoomatshini.
