I-US EPA iValela konke usetyenziso oluqhubekayo lwe-Asbestos yeChrysotile

Ngomhla we-18 ka-Matshi i-2024, i-Arhente yoKhuseleko lweNdalo yase-US (i-EPA) yazisa ukuba igqibe umgaqo wokulawula umngcipheko phantsi kwenkqubo ehlaziyiweyo yokuhlaziywa kweekhemikhali kwi-Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), ukuvala ukuveliswa, ukungenisa, ukucubungula, ukusabalalisa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-asbestos ye-chrysotile kwi: i-diaphragms kwishishini le-chlor-alkali; iigaskets zamaphepha kwimveliso yeekhemikhali; iibhloko zebrake kwishishini leoli; iziqhoboshi zeemoto zasemva kwentengiso kunye ne-linings; ezinye iimveliso zokungqubana kwezithuthi; kunye nezinye iigaskets, njl.

I-Asbestos, eyaziwa njenge-carcinogen, kudala ibeka isoyikiso esinzulu kwimpilo yoluntu, inxulunyaniswa nomhlaza onjengomhlaza wemiphunga, umhlaza wesibeleko, kunye nomhlaza we-laryngeal. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuvaliwe kumazwe angaphezu kwama-50 kwihlabathi liphela. Nangona kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo ze-asbestos, ukusetyenziswa kwe-asbestos ye-chrysotile kubandakanyeka ikakhulu e-US okwangoku. Esi sithintelo siphawula ukuphunyezwa kokuqala okupheleleyo kwesihlomelo se-TSCA sowama-2016.

Ukuvalwa kuya kusebenza ukusuka kwiintsuku ze-60 emva kokupapashwa komgaqo kwiRejista ye-Federal. I-EPA imisele ixesha lotshintsho olufanelekileyo, kwaye ukuphunyezwa kokuvalwa komsebenzi kuya kuqaliswa ngezigaba:

1. Ishishini le-Chlor-alkali: Kuya kufuna ubuncinci iminyaka emihlanu ukuphelisa ngokuthe ngcembe ukusetyenziswa kwe-asbestos diaphragms. Kusekho izityalo ezisibhozo ze-chlor-alkali e-US zisebenzisa i-asbestos diaphragms, ezidibeneyo zivelisa malunga nesinye kwisithathu sobonelelo lwe-chlorine yesizwe. Ezi zixhobo ziya kutshintshela kwi-non-asbestos diaphragm okanye iteknoloji ye-membrane engeyiyo ye-asbestos, kunye nomgaqo wokugqibela oqinisekisa ukuba abathandathu kubo bayayigqiba le nguqu kwiminyaka emihlanu, kwaye ezimbini eziseleyo ziya kulandela.

2. I-asbestos-containing sheet gaskets kwimveliso yeekhemikhali: Ezi zivaliwe kwisithuba seminyaka emibini emva kokuba umthetho uqalisiwe, odla ngokuba ziintsuku ezingama-60 emva kokupapashwa.

3. Kwisithuba seminyaka emibini emva kokuba umgaqo wokugqibela uyasebenza, uninzi lweegasthi ezine-asbestos eziqulathe amaphepha ziya kuvalwa, kunye nexesha leminyaka emihlanu lotshintsho kwezo zisetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwe-titanium dioxide kunye nokulungiswa kwezinto zenyukliya. Iigasket ezifakiweyo zingaqhubeka zisetyenziswa.

4. Iibhloko zeBrake kushishino lwe-oyile, iibhuleki zeemoto ezithengiswa emva kwentengiso kunye neelinings, ezinye iimveliso zokukhuhlana kwezithuthi kunye nezinye iigaskets: Ezi ziya kuvalwa kwisithuba seenyanga ezintandathu emva kokuba umthetho uqalile ukusebenza. Iimveliso ezifakiweyo zingaqhubeka zisetyenziswa.

5. I-US Department of Energy Savannah River Site: Ukusetyenziswa kwe-asbestos-containing sheet gaskets kuya kuvunyelwa kude kube ngu-2037 ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukulahlwa okukhuselekileyo kwezinto zenyukliya akuthotywanga ngelixa kukhuselwa abasebenzi ekubeni bangakhuseleki kwimathiriyeli ye-radioactive.

I-EPA idinga ukuba abanini okanye abaqhubi bahambelane neeyure ezisibhozo ezikhoyo kwi-chemical exposure limit (ECEL) ye-0.005 fibers (f) / cubic centimeter (cc), ukuqala kwiinyanga ezintandathu emva kokuba umgaqo wokugqibela usebenza. Kwaye ifuna amanyathelo okhuseleko kwindawo yokusebenzela ukukhusela abasebenzi ekubeni sesichengeni se-asbestos ngalo naliphi na ixesha lokuphumla elingaphezu kweminyaka emibini.

Ngokwahlukileyo, i-EPA iphinda ivavanye ezinye iintlobo ze-asbestos fibers kwinxalenye ye-2 yovavanyo lomngcipheko we-asbestos. I-EPA iya kukhulula inxalenye ye-2 yovavanyo lomngcipheko oluyilwayo kungekudala kwaye iya kupapasha uvavanyo lokugqibela lomngcipheko ekupheleni kwe-2024.

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