Iibhiliyoni zeetoni zempahla zithuthwa ngeelori zisiwa kwiindawo ezinqumla eUnited States minyaka le. Ngokutsho kwe Umbutho weelori zaseMelika, iilori zihambe malunga ne-72.6% yomthwalo wase-US ngobunzima ngo-2022. Lo ngumthamo ongaphezulu kunomthwalo ohanjiswa ngololiwe, obangela ukuba 28% yentshukumo iyonke yomthwalo ngeetoni zeemayile.
Ke ngoko, ukuze uphumelele kukhuphiswano lwanamhlanje kushishino, ukuthenga ilori efanelekileyo kubalulekile. Esi sikhokelo sibanzi sixoxa ngezinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe phambi kokukhetha ilori yemithwalo, kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeelori zempahla ezikhoyo kwimarike namhlanje. Iza kujonga kwakhona ubungakanani bemarike yelori yemithwalo yehlabathi. Masiqalise.
Isiqulatho
Isishwankathelo sobungakanani bemarike yelori zemithwalo
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeelori zemithwalo
Izinto eziphambili ekufuneka uziqwalasele xa ukhetha ilori yempahla
isiphelo
Isishwankathelo sobungakanani bemarike yelori zemithwalo
Ilori yemithwalo, ngamanye amaxesha eyaziwa njengelori yomthwalo, sisithuthi esisetyenziselwa ukuthutha iimpahla ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye. Iyakwazi ukusebenza ngaphandle kwendlela kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino lolungiselelo.
Imakethi yelori yemithwalo ifumana ukukhula okubonakalayo kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, kwaye ayimi nangaliphi na ixesha kungekudala. Ngoku ka Iingqondo zengqondo, Imarike yelori yemithwalo yayixabisa i-USD 2,586.73 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2022, kwaye abahlalutyi balindele ukuba ikhule iye kwi-USD 5530.97 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2032 ngesantya sokukhula sonyaka esihlanganisiweyo (CAGR) se-6.83%.
Ukukhula okukhulu kuphenjelelwe kukuhambela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe, kunye nabavelisi belori abakhupha iimodeli ezibonisa umthamo ongcono womthwalo kunye nobuchwepheshe obuphucula ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza kweelori.
Ukuthenga kwi-Intanethi nako kudlale indima ekwandiseni ubungakanani bemarike yelori yemithwalo yehlabathi. Oku kukhokelele ekwandeni kokuthuthwa kwempahla ngenxa yokuthandwa kwendlela yokuhanjiswa kwempahla ekhaya. Abanye abadlali abaphambili kweli candelo baquka iDeutsche Post AG, FedEx, USPS, kunye neOld Dominions.
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeelori zemithwalo
Kukho iindidi ezahlukeneyo apho iilori zemithwalo zinokwahlulwa, kuquka nezi zilandelayo:
1. Iilori ezimfutshane
A isiqingatha ilori, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-semi-trailer, i-18-wheeler, i-rig enkulu, okanye i-trailer yetrekta, yeyona ilori yemithwalo eqhelekileyo endleleni. Itreyila ayina-asi yangaphambili kodwa endaweni yoko iphumla kumavili ayo ngasemva. Ubunzima bayo obuseleyo buxhaswa yikhabhi yelori, enokuthi ikhutshelwe okanye ithotywe.
Iilori eziziisiqingatha zingatsala ngaphezulu kwenqwelwana enye, nto leyo ezenza zikwazi ukuthwala imithwalo eyongezelelweyo. Bangakwazi ukuthutha imithwalo esuka kwizinto zabathengi ukuya kwizinto zokwakha. Oku kuguquguquka kwenza ilori eyi-semi-lori ilungele ukuthuthwa kwempahla yomgama omde.
2. Iilori ezine-Flatbed
A flatbed yilori enzima enomzimba othe tyaba ngokupheleleyo kwaye utyhilekile, ngokungafaniyo netreyila evaliweyo. Isimbo sayo somzimba webhedi evulekileyo senza ukulayisha kunye nokothula iimpahla ngokukhawuleza kwaye kulula.
Iilori ezine-Flatbed ziyakwazi ukuthutha iimpahla ezinzima ezingaboliyo okanye ezingenwa lula yimvula. Zikwakulungele ukukhwelisa imithwalo engaqhelekanga emikhulu kakhulu ukuba ingangena kwindawo evaliweyo yomthwalo, njengesikhongozeli.
3. Iidekhi zenyathelo
A inyathelo lesiteji lolunye uhlobo lwelori yempahla esetyenziswayo namhlanje. Yitreyila evulekileyo, kanye njengelori ene-flatbed, kodwa iyilwe inamanqanaba amabini. Umgangatho ophezulu unokuhla ukuya kumgangatho ophantsi, ovumela ukuthuthwa kwemithwalo emide yempahla.
Kulula ukulayisha kunye nokukhulula imithwalo kwindawo yokuthwala idekhi. Ezi lori zidla ngokuphatha izithuthi, abembi, iitrektara, izinto zokwakha kunye nezixhobo zolimo.
4. Iiveni ezomileyo
A iveni eyomileyo yilori engenasikhenkcezisi kunye nomzimba ovaliweyo kunye nophahla ukukhusela iimpahla zokuhamba ukusuka ekuvezweni kwizinto zangaphandle. Ezi veni zemithwalo zidla ngokuthutha iibhokisi okanye iipalethi ezinefanitshala, izixhobo zombane, iimpahla, nezinto ezingaboliyo. Banokurhuqa iimpahla ezininzi kuneeveni ezininzi zabakhweli.
5. Abaqhubi
Ngelixa iveni eyomileyo ayinayo iyunithi yokulawula imozulu ebhodini, a ilori yokubuyisela inefriji. Ilori inendawo yomthwalo elawulwa ngamaqondo obushushu encanyathiselwe kwindlwana yokuthwala impahla etshabalalayo.
Ikhabhinethi yayo ineyunithi elawulwa yiqondo lobushushu ekufuneka umqhubi ebeke iliso rhoqo ukunqanda ukuba izinto zingonakali. Oku kwenza i-reefer ibe ilori efanelekileyo yokuhambisa izinto ezinobushushu obufana neyeza kunye nokutya.
6. Iilori zebhokisi
Ukususela kwigama layo, a ibhokisi yetraki ibonwa ngendawo yomthwalo emile okwebhokisi encanyathiselwe kwisakhelo selori. Idla ngokuba ncinane kunezinye iintlobo zeelori ezithwala imithwalo.
Iilori zebhokisi zithandwa ukuhanjiswa kwasekhaya kuba ziyakwazi ukuhamba ngezitrato ezincinci kunye neekona ezixineneyo kwimimandla yasezidolophini. Uninzi lwamashishini luzisebenzisa ukuthutha imithwalo kumgama omfutshane. Banokuzalisekisa iimfuno ezinjengokuhanjiswa kweemayile zokugqibela, izixhobo zekhaya kunye nokuhanjiswa kwefenitshala, ukuhanjiswa kokutya, kunye neenkonzo zokuhambisa indlu.
7. Iitanki
Zimbini iindidi zeetanki: iitanki ezinolwelo nezomileyo. Iitanki zolwelo zisetyenziselwa ukuthutha ulwelo okanye igesi ukuya kwiindawo eziya kuzo. Ziquka iitanki zamanzi, iitanki zepetroleum, kunye neetanki ze-LPG.
Kwelinye icala, iitanki ezininzi ezomileyo zisetyenziselwa ukuthutha iimpahla ezomileyo, ezikhululekileyo ezifana neepellets zeplastiki, iinkozo, isamente, okanye i-mineral ores.
Ngokungafaniyo neelori zebhokisi, iitanki zimile ngokwesilinda, zenziwe nge-aluminiyam, kwaye zinokwenziwa ngokwezifiso ngamagumbi okugcina amaninzi. Ngokuxhomekeke kubume bempahla, itanki inokufakwa i-insulated, icinezelwe, okanye ifakwe efrijini.
Izinto eziphambili ekufuneka uziqwalasele xa ukhetha ilori yempahla
Ngaphambi kokuthenga ilori yemithwalo, amashishini kufuneka athathele ingqalelo le miba ilandelayo ukuze enze isigqibo esinolwazi:
1. Qonda iimfuno zomthwalo
Xa kuthengwa ilori yemithwalo, iimfuno ezikhethekileyo zeshishini kufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Izinto ezinokuthi zibe nefuthe ekusebenzeni kakuhle kufuneka zihlalutywe nzulu phambi kokuba kwenziwe utyalo-mali olubalulekileyo ekufumaneni ilori entsha.
Ngokomzekelo, ubunzima bomthwalo kunye nobukhulu zizinto ezibalulekileyo. Ngokuqwalasela ubunzima, iinkampani zinokukhetha ilori enokuthi irhuqe iimpahla ngokukhuselekileyo ngaphandle kokugqithisa umda ofunekayo.
Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba umthwalo uyahlangabezana nomthamo omkhulu womthwalo wesithuthi. Ukongeza, ubungakanani kunye nokuqwalaselwa komthamo kuqinisekisa ukuba indawo isetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo, ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle xa kuthuthwa iimpahla.
Uhlobo lomthwalo lukwanceda ukumisela ilori yempahla efanelekileyo. Umthwalo ungonakala okanye ungonakali.
Kwimpahla etshabalalayo, abathengi banokukhetha ilori yemithwalo ekhethekileyo, njengelori efakwe efrijini. Impahla engonakaliyo, kwelinye icala, inokuthuthwa kusetyenziswa iilori zemithwalo eziqhelekileyo. Ezinye iilori ezikhethekileyo zifanelekile xa ziphethe iimpahla zothutho eziethe-ethe ezifana neglasi ukuqinisekisa uthutho olukhuselekileyo nolukhuselekileyo.
2. Ukuqina
Ubomi be-a ilori yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka iqwalaselwe ngelixa kuthengwa iilori ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba iyayifeza injongo yayo ixesha elide kwaye ibonelela ngomsebenzi ogqwesileyo. Oku kuqinisekisa ubude belori kunye neshishini ngokwalo, ngaphandle kwe-hiccups.
Ilori kufuneka ikwazi ukwenza kakuhle kwiimeko zemozulu ezahlukeneyo kunye nomhlaba ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni ukhuseleko lwayo okanye ukusebenza kakuhle.
Kufuneka kwakhona yenziwe ngezinto ezihlala ixesha elide, ibe nolwakhiwo olomeleleyo, kwaye ibonise izinto ezinokumelana nokuguga okuqhelekileyo kunye nokukrazuka kokusetyenziswa rhoqo. Ekugqibeleni, iindleko zokugcinwa kufuneka zibe zincinci ngokunciphisa ukumisa igaraji rhoqo kunye nokulungiswa okuvela ekuqhekekeni kwezithuthi kwangaphambili.
3. Iimpawu zelori ye-Cargo
Jonga iimpawu zelori yemithwalo phambi kokuba wenze isigqibo ngemodeli efanelekileyo. Iimpawu ekufuneka uzijonge ziquka amandla enjini, ukusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha, kunye nobungakanani bebhedi yempahla.
Amandla e-injini amisela ukuba ilori inamandla kangakanani na ukuthutha imithwalo imigama ethile. Khetha ilori enamandla ngakumbi enjini xa uthutha imithwalo emikhulu efana nezixhobo ezinzima, ngakumbi kwimigama emide, ngaphandle kwemicelimngeni.
Ukongeza, a ilori eyonga amafutha Ukwandisa iindleko zokusebenza ngelixa unciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo. Ikwayonga kwiindleko zamafutha ngelixa iqinisekisa inkqubo yothutho ezinzileyo ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Ubungakanani bebhedi yempahla buchaphazela ngqo umthamo wokulayisha welori kunye nokuguquguquka. Ilori enobungakanani bebhedi enkulu inokuthwala iimpahla ezininzi ngohambo ngalunye, nto leyo enciphisa inani lohambo olufunekayo ukuhambisa wonke umthwalo.
Ngaphandle kokonga ixesha, ikhulisa umthwalo onokuthwalwa kuhambo olunye. Ukongeza, ezinye iilori zinokuza neesayizi zebhedi ezilungelelanisiweyo ukubonelela ukuguquguquka xa uphatha iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeempahla, ukusuka kubukhulu ukuya kwincinci.
4. Entsha vs. iilori ezisetyenzisiweyo
Xa kuthengwa ilori yemithwalo, amashishini asenokuba nengxaki yokukhetha phakathi kwelori entsha nesele isetyenziswa. Nganye kwezi lori ineenzuzo zayo kunye neengozi zayo ezinokuphembelela ukuphumelela kweendleko ngokubanzi kunye nempumelelo yokusebenza kwempahla.
Iilori ezintsha zibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lweenzuzo, ezifana noqoqosho olungcono lwamafutha, itekhnoloji entsha, kunye nokhuseleko lwezithuthi oluphambili. Bakwabiza kancinci ukulungisa ngenxa yeziqinisekiso ezibonelelwa ngabavelisi. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso labo lokuqala lokuthenga linokuba ngumngeni kwamanye amashishini.
Ngokuchasene noko, iilori ezisetyenzisiweyo unikeze ukhetho lohlahlo lwabiwo-mali ngelixa usanikezela ngokusebenza kwelori entsha. Iindlela ezizezinye ezisetyenzisiweyo zihlala zinexabiso eliphantsi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba amashishini atshintshe izibonelelo kwezinye izinto. Ukongeza, iilori ezisetyenzisiweyo zehla ngaphantsi kunezitsha.
Nangona iilori ezisetyenzisiweyo zibonelela ngamathuba okonga imali, zinokufuna ukulungiswa rhoqo kunye nokulungiswa xa kuthelekiswa neelori ezintsha kwaye zingabi namanqaku amva nje kwiimodeli ezintsha.
5. Iimpawu zokhuseleko
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwelori yemithwalo ukukhusela umqhubi kunye neempahla zokuhamba. Ngokubeka ukhuseleko kwindawo yokuqala, amashishini anokukhangela imingcipheko enxulumene nemisebenzi yezothutho.
Iilori zemithwalo zifakelwe iimpawu zokhuseleko oluphezulu ezifana neengxowa zomoya, ukujongwa kwendawo engaboniyo, i-anti-lock braking (ABS), uzinzo, kunye ne-adaptive cruise control, ezomeleza ukhuseleko lwabaqhubi kunye nokunciphisa amathuba okungqubana okanye ezinye izehlo zendlela xa uthutha imithwalo.
isiphelo
Eli nqaku liye lachaza iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeelori zemithwalo kunye nezinto ekufuneka zijongwe xa uthenga ilori yemithwalo. Abanini bamashishini kufuneka bavavanye izinto ezinje ngeemfuno zempahla, iindleko, ukugcinwa, kunye neempawu zelori ukwenza inkqubo yabo yokukhetha ilori ibe lula.
Ngokuqwalasela ezi zinto, amashishini anokuqinisekisa umsebenzi wothutho ongenaxinzelelo ngelixa ekhulisa inzuzo yawo. Ndwendwela Chovm.com namhlanje ukufumana uluhlu olubanzi iilori imithwalo ezithengiswa ngobuninzi.
