Ziziphi izithintelo kwiPakethe yePlastiki?

Ihlabathi liya liqonda ngakumbi isoyikiso esibangelwa yinkunkuma yeplastiki, amazwe amaninzi aphumeza inkqubo-sikhokelo yokulawula ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweplastiki. Amazwe amaninzi aye azivala iiplastiki ezisetyenziswa kanye, ngoxa amanye ebeke izohlwayo eziqatha kubavelisi abaphula imithetho yendalo esingqongileyo. Eli nqaku linika ukukhanya kumanyathelo ohlukeneyo aphunyezwa ngamazwe awohlukeneyo ukulwa ungcoliseko lweplastiki.

Isiqulatho
Ubume bemiqobo yeplastiki
Ukutshintsha kwemilinganiselo yokupakishwa kweplastiki kwihlabathi jikelele
Iintlobo zeemveliso zokupakisha ezinokubola
isiphelo

Ubume bemiqobo yeplastiki

Njengoko ulwazi lwefuthe longcoliseko lweplastiki lukhula, urhulumente, ii-NGOs, kunye namashishini basebenzela ukunciphisa i-carbon footprint. Amazwe amaninzi amisele imimiselo enxulumene neplastiki, kwaye ngaphezu kwama-60 aqalise ukuvalwa kunye nerhafu kwinkunkuma esetyenziselwa enye kunye nokupakishwa kweplastiki.

Isisombululo songcoliseko lweplastiki sinobugocigoci kwaye sinamacala amaninzi njengoko imithombo yeplastiki yahlukile, ukusuka kwiibhotile ukuya kwipakethe kunye nelaphu. Ngaloo ndlela, impendulo yehlabathi iyafuneka apho amaqumrhu esizwe, engingqi, nawamazwe ngamazwe asebenzisanayo. Ngaphandle kolwazi olukhulayo, inyathelo lexesha elide lamazwe amaninzi liyafuneka.

Amazwe ahlukeneyo aphumeze amanyathelo awohlukeneyo, amanye ekhokela amanye asemva. Makhe sihlolisise indlela ephuhliswa ngayo imithetho kumazwe asehlabathini lonke.

Ukutshintsha kwemilinganiselo yokupakishwa kweplastiki kwihlabathi jikelele

iYurophu

Ngokuzisa imithetho kwi-2018, i-EU yaba ngummandla wokuqala ukufumana izicwangciso ezinobundlobongela ukujongana nomba wenkunkuma yeplastiki. Bazibophelele ekwenzeni zonke iipakethe zeplastiki kwimarike ye-EU ziphinde zisetyenziswe ngo-2030, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweplastiki enye, kunye nokunciphisa i-microplastics.

Phantsi kwalo mgaqo-nkqubo, zonke iibhotile zesiselo ze-PET kufuneka zibe ne-25% ubuncinane. kwakhona iiplastiki eziqala ngo-2025 kwaye zanda ukuya kwi-30% ngo-2030. Yonke le mimiselo ikwandisa imfuno yezinto ezihlaziyiweyo.

I-EU yazisa irhafu yeplastiki kwinkunkuma engahlaziywayo ukuze kunyuswe amaxabiso okuphinda kusetyenziswe kwakhona ngo-2021. Izinto eziphathekayo ezineendlela ezizezinye ezifumaneka ngokukhululekileyo ziye zavalwa ukususela phakathi kwe-2021, kubandakanywa iindiza, i-cutlery elahlayo, i-cotton bud sticks, kunye nezitya zokutya zeplastiki. Kwaye kwiimveliso ezinezinye iindlela ezimbalwa, umyalelo uthi ukusetyenziswa kufuneka kuncitshiswe ubuncinane nge-50%.

Uxanduva luphezu kwabavelisi kuphela, kunye nezohlwayo ezininzi zokungathobeli. Kulindeleke ukuba basebenze, bahlawulele ukuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma kunye nezinye iinkqubo, kwaye bafundise abasebenzisi malunga nefuthe leplastiki kwindalo.

Irhafu yokupakishwa yase-UK

Irhafu yokupakisha yeplastiki yase-UK (PPT) iqale ukusebenza ngo-Epreli ka-2022, ikhuthaza abavelisi ukuba bathathe amanyathelo okutshintshela kwizinto ezilungele indalo kunye nokuphucula iipropathi ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe kwimveliso yabo.

Ukupakishwa kweplastiki equlethe ngaphantsi kwe-30% yeplastiki esetyenzisiweyo, kubandakanywa nempahla evela kumazwe angaphandle, iya kurhafiswa phantsi kwalo myalelo. Kukho, nangona kunjalo, izinto ezimbalwa ezingaqhelekanga kwiimveliso ezithile, ezifana nokupakishwa kwamayeza.

Urhulumente wase-UK ukwaphumeze iKhowudi yamaBango eGreen ukwenza ukubambelela kumanyathelo okusingqongileyo kube lula kangangoko. Le Khowudi ikhankanya indlela amashishini anokuthengisa ngayo nawaphi na amabango aluhlaza.

Amabango obuxoki be-eco nawo aya kubangela izohlwayo eziqatha ezivela kuGunyaziwe weMigangatho yeNtengiso (i-ASA) kunye nezityholo zolwaphulo-mthetho. Eli nyathelo laqaliswa ukukhusela abasebenzisi kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho yendalo esingqongileyo.

Fransi

IFransi imisele injongo yokuhlaziya iiplastiki ze-100% ngo-2025 kunye nokuphelisa iiplastiki ezisetyenziselwa enye i-2040. Zonke iiplastiki zokupakishwa kwemifuno kunye neziqhamo ziye zavalwa ukususela ngoJanuwari 2022. Ngaphezu koko, izindlu zokupapasha azisavunyelwa ukuba zisebenzise iplastiki yokugubungela; iindawo zokutyela azivumelekanga ukuba zisebenzise izixhobo zokusika zeplastiki, kwaye nemithombo yamanzi kawonke-wonke iyafakelwa ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweebhotile zeplastiki.

Izinto ezifana ne-styrofoam, izitro zeplastiki, kunye neekomityi ziye zavalwa ngo-2021. Ngaphaya koko, amashishini athengisa kubathengi baseFransi kufuneka abhalise ukupakishwa kwawo kunye neskimu saseFransi sokuphinda sisetyenziswe. Phantsi komthetho wokupakisha waseFransi, iinkampani zibhatala imali encinci ngokuphinda zisetyenziswe.

Asia

iTshayina

Urhulumente ukhuphe uluhlu lwezikhokelo eziya kufakwa ngezigaba. Olokuqala luthintelo kwiingxowa zeplastiki ezingaboliyo, eziya kuphunyezwa kulo lonke elaseTshayina ngo-2025. Iindiza kunye nezinye izinto zeplastiki ezilahlwayo ziya kuvalwa ngokupheleleyo ekupheleni kuka-2025.

Ngeli xesha, zonke iihotele ezinkulu kunye neendawo zokutyela ziyekile ukuthengisa iimveliso zeplastiki ukusukela ngo-2022, kwaye amashishini amancinci alindeleke ukuba aphelise konke ukupakishwa kweplastiki ngo-2025. Ububele, inkonzo yokutya, kunye nemizi-mveliso yokupakisha iyakhuthazwa ukuba isebenzise kwakhona kwaye ngokupheleleyo. esonakala ezinye iindlela kunye nokutyala imali kubuchule obutsha bemveliso ukuzixhasa.

Indiya

I-Indiya ijonge ukukhupha iiplastiki ezisetyenziswa kanye kuphela ukuqala ngo-2022. Malunga ne-60% yenkunkuma yeplastiki kwakhona, kodwa i-40% eseleyo ilahliwe kwaye isetyenziswa njengendawo yokulahla inkunkuma kwiindawo ngeendawo.

Nangona izinto zeplastiki zithintelwe kwaye zivaliwe kwimimandla ethile, uthintelo lwesizwe alwanelanga kwaye lufuna imithetho engqongqo ngakumbi. Urhulumente ukwathe watyala imali kumaphulo okwazisa uluntu ngengxaki.

Urhulumente ucebise abavelisi bokupakisha ukuba bathobele imimiselo yokupakisha okanye bajongane nesohlwayo. Le mimiselo iya kuqaliswa ngezigaba, kunye nezinto ezincinci ezifana ne-candy wrappers zibe zezokuqala.

Inkonzo ikwasebenzela ukuphuhlisa imithetho ye-EPR esebenzayo kweli lizwe ukunciphisa inkunkuma yeplastiki ngakumbi.

eJapan naseThailand

Abathengisi kunye namashishini amancinci afunwa ngumthetho ukunciphisa iimveliso zeplastiki ezilahlayo okanye ukujongana nezohlwayo ukususela ngo-Epreli 2022. Nangona kunjalo, iinjongo zommiselo ziyahluka, kwaye amanyathelo athile okunciphisa axhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kubanikazi bamashishini.

Amatyathanga ehotele aphumeze umthetho ngokunciphisa iiplastiki ezifana neebrashi zamazinyo zeplastiki kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi. Ngeli xesha, iThailand iye yavala ukusetyenziswa kweplastiki enye ukusukela ngo-2020, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni kweebhiliyoni ezi-2 kusetyenziso lweengxowa zeplastiki kunyaka omnye.

Ostreliya

I-Australian Packaging Covenant Organisation (APCO) isebenzisana norhulumente kunye namashishini anomdla ukunciphisa kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe inkunkuma yeplastiki. Amashishini ayakhuthazwa ukuba ajoyine umnqophiso, apho acetyiswa ukuba aqhubele phambili amanyathelo awo azinzileyo kunye nokuphucula ukuphinda kusetyenziswe imveliso. Okwangoku, ngaphezulu kwe-1500 yamashishini asayine kwesi sibhambathiso, ejonge ukwenza ukupakishwa kwawo kuphinde kusetyenziswe, kuphinde kusetyenziswe, okanye kuhlanganiswe i-compost ngo-2025.

Imithetho yokupakisha ifuna ukuba ubuncinci i-70% yeplastiki ethile iphinde isetyenziswe kwakhona ngo-2025 kwaye i-50% yezinto zokupakisha zenziwe. kwakhona izixhobo ngo-2025. Urhulumente ukwajolise ekupheliseni zonke iiplastiki ezisetyenziswa kanye ngo-2025.

amantla Emelika

eunited States

Imithetho yothintelo lwePlastiki eMntla Melika ayifani, kunye namatyala kunye nezindululo ezahlukeneyo ngokwelizwe. I-United States yenye yezona zinto zinegalelo elibalulekileyo kwihlabathi kwinkunkuma yeplastiki kwaye inamazinga asezantsi okuhlaziya, nangona oku kohluka kakhulu ngokwelizwe. Amazwe alishumi eUnited States anemithetho yediphozithi okanye amatyala ebhotile, kwaye izinga lokuphinda lisetyenziswe kula mazwe ngama-54%, eliphinda kabini umyinge welizwe.

Awona mazinga aphezulu okurisayikilisha aseCalifornia, eMichigan, naseOregon, apho iMaine inelona zinga liphezulu lokurisayikilisha kwi-78%. Ngo-2021, urhulumente wapasisa uMthetho weBreak Free kuNgcoliseko lwePlastiki, ojolise ekupheliseni iiplasitiki ezisetyenziswa kanye ngo-Januwari ka-2023.

Iingxowa zeplastiki ezisetyenziswa kanye ngoku azivumelekanga kumazwe asibhozo: Connecticut, California, Hawaii, Maine, New York, Delaware, Oregon, and Vermont. I-Senate yaseNew Jersey ipasise umthetho ofuna ukuba iibhotile zeplastiki kunye nezikhongozeli ziqulathe ubuncinci i-10-15% yemathiriyeli esetyenzisiweyo kwisithuba seminyaka emibini ezayo.

Khanada

Urhulumente waseKhanada ucebise umthetho wokuvala iiplastiki ezisetyenziselwa enye ngo-2021. Injongo yalo mthetho kukuthintela ukungeniswa, ukuveliswa kunye nokuthengiswa kweentlobo ezintandathu zeeplastiki ezisetyenziselwa enye, kubandakanywa ukusika, ukuthwala imisesane, kunye neengxowa.

EMbindi naseMzantsi Melika

Chile

I-Chile lilizwe lokuqala laseMzantsi Melika ukuvala ukusetyenziswa kweeplastiki zokusetyenziswa kanye, ngenxa yoMthetho 21368, owaphunyezwa ngo-Agasti 2021. Iindiza zeplastiki, izitya zokutya ezenziwe nge-styrofoam, kunye neeplasitiki zokusika ziye zavalwa.

I-Chile isebenzela ukuqinisa umthetho oza kufuna iibhotile ezibuyiselwayo kwiindawo zokugcina iimpahla kunye neevenkile ngo-Agasti 2023. Basebenza kwakhona ukwenza izitya ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe okanye ezixutywe kunye ne-cutlery mandatory kwiindawo zokutyela kunye namashishini amancinci aqala ngo-2024.

Brazil

Imibutho yendawo efana ne-UNEP kunye ne-Oceana iphuhlisa amaphulo okwazisa ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa kweplastiki enye kwilizwe lonke. Bafikelele kwisivumelwano neyona nkonzo ibalaseleyo yokuhanjiswa kokutya kweli lizwe, i-ifood, yokuphelisa unikezelo lwabo lweeplastiki ezisetyenziswa kanye ngo-2021.

Iintlobo zeemveliso zokupakisha ezinokubola

Abathengi bafuna ukupakishwa kwe-eco-friendly, bebeka amashishini phantsi koxinzelelo. Nazi ezinye zezona zidumileyo ukupakishwa kwe-eco-friendly ezinye iindlela zamashishini.

I-Cornstarch- Izinto ezisekelwe kumbona zinokuguqulwa zibe yifayibha okanye ifilimu yokupakishwa, ekwanexabiso eliphantsi ngenxa yeendleko eziphantsi kunye nokulula kokuveliswa kwemathiriyeli ekrwada. Ngenxa yokuba ziyilwe ngokupheleleyo ziibiomass ezityiwayo, ezo zixhobo aziyingcolisi indalo xa zilahlwe ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukupakishwa kwe-Biodegradable amandongomane- Ziyenye indlela eco-friendly kwi-peanuts zeplastiki eziqhelekileyo kwaye zinokukhusela ngokulula iimpahla. Zinokuchithwa emgqomeni womgquba okanye zinyibilikiswe emanzini. Bayenza, nangona kunjalo, inobunzima obungaphezulu kancinci kunobulingane babo.

Iplastiki enyibilikayo emanzini-Yenziwe ngepolyvinyl yotywala, ipolima yokwenziwa engenazo zinyithi ezinetyhefu enzima. Zinyibilika emanzini ashushu kwaye ziqhele ukusetyenziselwa ukupakisha iimpahla.

Amasimi e-bamboo anempembelelo ephantsi yokusingqongileyo kuba ayifuni kubulala izitshabalalisi kwaye ayahlaziyeka ngokupheleleyo. Ivundisa kwiinyanga ezintandathu kwaye yeyona ndlela ibalaseleyo kunemithi.

isiphelo

Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, iiplastiki ezisetyenziswa kanye negalelo elikhulu kwinkunkuma yeplastiki, kwaye amazwe aliqela athathe amanyathelo okuzithintela ngokupheleleyo. Amashishini kunye nabavelisi kufuneka balandele imithetho yengingqi yolawulo lweplastiki okanye bajongane nezohlwayo zemali. Nangona oorhulumente kwihlabathi liphela sele beqalisile ukuwisa imithetho elawula ukusetyenziswa kweplastiki, kusekuninzi ekufuneka kwenziwe ukulungisa ingxaki yeplastiki.