Yintoni i-invoyisi yoRhwebo yokuThumela

A i-invoyisi yentengiso iphakathi kwawona maxwebhu abalulekileyo kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Isetyenziselwa ukuxhasa ixabiso kunye nomxholo wempahla kunye nemvelaphi yazo phambi kokungenisa amagunya eCustoms yelizwe. Olu xwebhu lunokwenza lula iinkqubo zesithethe kwaye luncede abathumeli bangaphandle baphephe ukulibaziseka kokuthunyelwa ngokungeyomfuneko okanye iingxaki zomthetho kunye nabasemagunyeni beCustoms.

Eli nqaku liza kuhamba phezu kwayo yonke into amashishini afuna ukuyazi malunga nee-invoyisi zorhwebo, kubandakanywa nenjongo yabo, ulwazi olufunekayo kufuneka lubandakanye, kunye nendlela eyahluke ngayo kwamanye amaxwebhu ahambelanayo okuthumela.

Isiqulatho
Yintoni i-invoyisi yorhwebo?
Yintoni injongo ye-invoyisi yorhwebo?
Zeziphi iinkcukacha eziphambili ze-invoyisi yorhwebo?
I-invoyisi yorhwebo ngokuchasene ne-invoyisi ye-pro forma
I-invoyisi yorhwebo vs i-bill of lading
I-invoyisi yorhwebo ngokuchasene ne-invoyisi yerhafu
Ukubaluleka kwe-invoyisi yorhwebo efanelekileyo yokuthumela ngenqanawa

Yintoni i-invoyisi yorhwebo?

I-invoyisi yorhwebo luxwebhu olukhethekileyo lokuthumela ngaphandle olusetyenziselwa ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe ngamazwe kunye neenjongo zesithethe. Ngokuqhelekileyo ikhutshwa ngumthengisi / umthengisi kwi-akhawunti yomthengisi / umthengi emva kokuba iimpahla zithunyelwe, kwaye isebenza njengesicelo esisemthethweni sentlawulo yezo mpahla.

Ii-invoyisi zorhwebo kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe zahlukile kwii-invoyisi zentengiso eqhelekileyo kuba kufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno ezithile zomthetho. Bamele babandakanye ulwazi olongezelelweyo malunga nokuthunyelwa ukuze kudlule kwimida yamazwe ngamazwe, njengelizwe lemvelaphi, ixabiso elipheleleyo lokuthengisa, imigaqo yomthwalo, njl. Ngaphezu koko, bavumela abasemagunyeni kwi-Customs ukuba bagqibe ukuba yimalini yerhafu kunye neerhafu ezifunekayo.

Yintoni injongo ye-invoyisi yorhwebo ekuthuthweni kwenqanawa?

I-invoyisi yorhwebo ibonelela ngobungqina bentengiselwano yeshishini phakathi komthengi kunye nomthengisi. Ukongeza ekunikezeni inkcazo ecacileyo yempahla ethunyelweyo, i-invoyisi yorhwebo isebenza ngeenjongo ezintathu eziphambili.

Uvavanyo lwemisebenzi kunye neerhafu

Eyona njongo ibalulekileyo ye-invoyisi yorhwebo ekuthumeleni inqanawa kukumisela ixabiso lezithethe zeempahla ezibhengezwe ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe. Amagosa e-Customs kwilizwe lomthengi kufuneka ahlole ixabiso lezoqoqosho lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, ukwenzela ukuba banqume imisebenzi esebenzayo kunye neerhafu ngokuchanekileyo. Umrhumo (kunye neerhafu ezinxulumene nokungenisa elizweni, ukuba zikhona) ziya kuvavanywa ngokusekelwe kwixabiso elihlawulweyo okanye elihlawulwayo kwizinto ezithengwe kumazwe angaphandle.

Ibhili yentengiso

I-invoyisi yorhwebo ikwasetyenziselwa ukurekhoda iinkcukacha zentengiselwano yokuthumela ngaphandle, kubandakanywa igama kunye nedilesi yomthengi nomthengisi, kunye nenkcazo yento ethengiweyo. Ngaloo ndlela, isebenza njengobungqina bentengiso xa kukho ukudideka okanye ingxabano malunga nexabiso elipheleleyo lokuthengisa okanye imali etyalwayo.

Iindlela zokuqinisekisa

Ii-invoyisi zoRhwebo zincedisa ekuqinisekiseni ukuthunyelwa ngokubonelela ngenkcazo ecacileyo yezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, kubandakanywa nomgangatho wazo, ubuninzi, ixabiso, kunye nolwazi lokuhanjiswa. Olu lwazi lunokunceda abathumeli bangaphandle baqinisekise ukuba ukuthunyelwa kwabo kuyahambelana noko bekuchaziwe kumyalelo wokuthenga wokuqala kunye ne uluhlu lokupakisha. Basenokuyisebenzisa ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iimpahla zikhona kwaye zibaliwe.

Zeziphi iinkcukacha eziphambili ze-invoyisi yorhwebo?

Ukuze i-invoyisi yorhwebo ibe nayiphi na impembelelo yomthetho, kufuneka ibandakanye ezi ziqendu ezilandelayo zolwazi.

Iheda enolwazi malunga nomrhwebi kunye nomthumeli ngaphandle

Inxalenye yokuqala yayo yonke i-invoyisi yorhwebo yorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, ebizwa ngokuba yi-header, iqulethe ulwazi oluchonga umthengi/umthengi ongenayo kunye nomthengisi/uthumela ngaphandle. Iinkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano zomthengisi zidweliswe kuqala kwaye ziquka ezi nkcukacha zilandelayo:

• Igama leKhampani
• Idilesi yomzimba
• Inombolo yomnxeba
• Isixeko kunye nekhowudi yeposi
• ilizwe

Iinkcukacha zomrhwebi ngaphandle nazo ziya kudweliswa kweli candelo, kanye ecaleni kweenkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano zomthumeli ngaphandle:

• Igama elipheleleyo leshishini
• Idilesi yomzimba
• Isixeko kunye nekhowudi yeposi
• ilizwe

Inombolo ye-invoyisi kunye nomhla

I-invoyisi nganye yorhwebo kufuneka ibe nenombolo yesazisi eyodwa, elandelelanayo ukunceda amaqela ezoshishino agcine umkhondo wentengiselwano nganye kwaye aphephe ukuphindwa kweentlawulo. Okulandelayo, qiniseka ukuba i-invoyisi ibandakanya umhla wokukhutshwa kunye nomhla omiselweyo. Oku kuya kuthintela nakuphi na ukubhideka malunga nexesha ekufanele kuhlawulwe ngalo, kwaye kuncede ukuthintela naziphi na iintlawulo ezongezelelweyo ezinokuthi zenziwe ukuba iintlawulo zifike emva kwexesha.

Iinkcukacha zokuhambisa

Ii-invoyisi zoRhwebo zibonelela amagosa e-Customs ngolwazi olufunekayo ukuze kuqhutywe ukuthunyelwa ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zesithethe. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukubandakanya uluhlu lwezinto ezithunyelwa ngenqanawa nezineenkcukacha zilandelayo:

• Ikhowudi yento
• Igama kunye nenkcazo emfutshane yemveliso
• Ubungakanani kunye neyunithi yokulinganisa (umz., ikhilogram okanye ilitha)
• ubunzima Gross
• Ukusinda okushiyekile
• Ixabiso ngeyunithi nganye
• Isixa sentengiso iyonke

Ilizwe lemveli

Xa iimpahla zithunyelwa ngaphaya kwemida yamazwe ngamazwe, ilizwe lemvelaphi kufuneka lirekhodwe kwi-invoyisi yorhwebo. Olu lwazi lunceda amagosa eCustoms ukuba abone ukuba ngaba iimpahla zivumelekile na, okanye zixhomekeke kumanyathelo orhwebo olongezelelweyo afana namaxabiso exeshana. Kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, ilizwe lemvelaphi ayilolizwe apho imveliso ithunyelwa ngaphandle - kukho iMithetho ethile yeMvelaphi.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, isatifikethi semvelaphi siya kungqina ubuzwe bezoqoqosho beempahla ezisekelwe kwimithetho engakhethiyo yemvelaphi. Le migaqo imisela ukuba yintoni na eyenza iimveliso "ezifunyenwe ngokupheleleyo" xa kuveliswa iimpahla kwilizwe elinye; kwaye yintoni eyenza "inguqu enkulu" ukuba amazwe amabini okanye ngaphezulu abandakanyeka kwimveliso yemveliso.

HS khowudi

Inkqubo ehambelanayo (HS) ikhowudi kufuneka ibandakanywe kwimveliso nganye ethunyelwe kwimida yamazwe ngamazwe. Ikhowudi ye-HS yinombolo enamanani ama-6, ephuhliswe nguMbutho weHlabathi weZinto ezithengwayo (WCO) ukuchonga nokuhlela iimveliso ngokwendalo kunye nomsebenzi wazo. Ukongeza ekuboneleleni ngendlela elula yokuba amazwe ahlele iimpahla zawo, iikhowudi zeHS zikwanegalelo ekulungelelaniseni amasiko neenkqubo zorhwebo.

Imigaqo yentlawulo kunye ne-incoterms

Imigaqo yentlawulo ixelela abathengi ukuba lingakanani ixesha ekufuneka behlawulele ukuthenga kwabo, kwaye inokubanceda baqonde ukuba loluphi uhlobo iindlela zokuhlawula umrhwebi wamkela. Awona magama aqhelekileyo okuhlawula ngumjikelo we-30 wokuhlawula, oku kuthetha ukuba umthengi uneentsuku ezingama-30 ukusuka kumhla we-invoyisi ukuyihlawula. Kungenjalo, abathengisi banokusebenzisa umjikelo wokuhlawula i-net-45, onika abathengi iintsuku ezingama-45 zokuhlawulela iodolo yabo.

I-invoyisi yorhwebo kufuneka ibandakanye ulwazi malunga nokuba yiyiphi i-incoterm esebenzayo kwintengiselwano. I-Incoterms (iMigaqo yoRhwebo yaMazwe ngaMazwe) yimigaqo yokuhambisa esemgangathweni enceda abathengi nabathengisi banxibelelane ngokucacileyo umngcipheko kunye noxanduva malunga namaxesha okuhanjiswa, iindleko, kunye namalungiselelo okuthumela ngenqanawa. 

I-invoyisi yorhwebo ngokuchasene ne-invoyisi ye-pro forma

Ii-invoyisi zeProforma zihlala zibhidaniswa nee-invoyisi zorhwebo njengoko zinefomathi eqhelekileyo, kodwa eneneni zahluke kakhulu kwindalo. I-invoyisi yeproforma, eyaziwa ngokuba yi "predict invoice", sisivumelwano phakathi komthengi nomthengisi. Ichaza amalungelo kunye nezibophelelo zamaqela omabini kwaye inika umthengi uqikelelo lweendleko zokugqibela ze-invoyisi kunye nokuba ukuhanjiswa kuya kwenzeka nini. Kwelinye icala, ii-invoyisi zorhwebo ngamatyala okwenene anceda abarhwebi basuka kumazwe angaphandle bacoce iimpahla ngezithethe. Kukwafanelekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukuba akukho-invoyisi yorhwebo ekhoyo, i-invoyisi ye-proforma mhlawumbi isetyenziswe njengenye injongo yeenjongo zerhafu yokungenisa elizweni (ngokuxhomekeke kwingqiqo yeCustoms yasekuhlaleni).

I-invoyisi yorhwebo vs i-bill of lading

Zombini a ityala lokhwela kunye ne-invoyisi yorhwebo yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yamaxwebhu okuthumela, kodwa bakhonza iinjongo ezahlukeneyo. Ngelixa i-invoyisi yorhwebo idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekumiselweni kweempawu zedatha yokubhengezwa kwempahla yokungenisa elizweni, i-bill of lading isebenza njengoxwebhu olusemthethweni oluchaza imigaqo yokuthunyelwa kwempahla. Ngamanye amazwi, i-bill of lading isebenza njengoxwebhu lwetayitile yempahla kwaye inika ubungqina bokuba umthwali ulwamkele uxanduva lokuzithutha.

I-invoyisi yorhwebo ngokuchasene ne-invoyisi yerhafu

I-invoyisi yerhafu yibhili esemthethweni ekhutshwe ngababoneleli ababhalisiweyo okanye abathengisi phantsi kwe GST (iRhafu yeeMpahla neeNkonzo) inkqubo. Isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiintengiselwano zasekhaya okanye xa uthengisa iinkonzo kubathengi baphesheya kweelwandle. Kodwa kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, apho iimpahla zisiwe kwimida, i-invoyisi yorhwebo iyafuneka ngeenjongo zokurhweba. 

Ukubaluleka kwe-invoyisi yorhwebo efanelekileyo yokuthumela ngenqanawa

I-invoyisi yorhwebo efanelekileyo kwaye ezaliswe ngokuchanekileyo yindlela efanelekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukuba iimpahla ezithunyelwayo zichazwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ziqhutywe ngokufanelekileyo ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuba i-invoyisi yokuthengisa ayichanekanga okanye ayiphelelanga, inokukhokelela ekuhlawuleni kakubi ngabasemagunyeni be-Customs kunye neentlawulo ezingeyomfuneko. Ngoku sele sifunde yonke into malunga nee-invoyisi zorhwebo, masingene nzulu ukuthunyelwa kwamaxwebhu!

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