Yintoni Injongo yoMthetho oYilwayo wokuLawula

Urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe lushishino olukhulu, kwaye umthamo weempahla ezithunyelwa kwihlabathi jikelele ukhula yonke imihla. Ngo-2021 kuphela, urhwebo lwehlabathi luye lwafikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu $ 28.5 zezigidi. Kwaye njengoko iinkampani ziqhubeka nokungena kwiimarike ezintsha zehlabathi kwaye zifumana iindlela ezintsha zokusebenza kunye ngaphaya kwemida yamazwe ngamazwe, kubaluleke kakhulu kunangaphambili ukuba wazi kakuhle isitshixo. amaxwebhu okuthumela.

Amaxwebhu othutho angafanelekanga anokubamba ukuthunyelwa kwaye kubangele ukulibaziseka okungeyomfuneko okunokuthi kubize amashishini ixesha lawo, imali kunye nodumo. Kweli nqaku, siza kugxila kuxwebhu olunye lokuthumela ngenqanawa: i ityala lokhwela. Makhe sijonge injongo ye-bill of lading kunye nokuba kutheni ibalulekile kumashishini abandakanyeka kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe.

Isiqulatho
Yintoni i-bill of lading?
Ngubani ofuna i-bill of lading?
Yintoni ukubaluleka kwebhili yempahla?
Yintoni injongo yebhili yempahla?
Zeziphi ezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zamatyala omthwalo?
Iquka ntoni i-bill of lading?
Umzekelo osebenzayo we-bill of lading
Uxwebhu lwe-BoL: hayi nje iphepha, kodwa isitshixo sothutho lwehlabathi

Yintoni i-bill of lading?

Ityala lempahla (Isitya) luxwebhu olusemthethweni oluchaza imigaqo kunye neemeko zokuthuthwa kwempahla. Isebenza njengesivumelwano sokuhamba phakathi komthumeli kunye nomthwali. Isetyenziselwa ukubhengeza imixholo yokuthumela, apho iya khona, kunye nalapho ivela khona.

I-bill of lading inokubandakanya nolunye ulwazi, njengobunzima okanye umthamo weempahla, ezithunyelwa ngubani kwaye (ekwaziwa ngokuba ngumthumeli kunye nomthumeli), luhlobo luni lokupakisha abakulo, kunye nokunye.

Ngubani ofuna i-bill of lading?

Ewe, kakhulu nabani na othatha inxaxheba ekuhambiseni imithwalo ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye. Iqela ngalinye elibandakanyekayo kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe lijongene namatyala othutho, nokuba ngabathumeli bangaphandle, abathumeli bangaphandle, okanye abathuthi.

Yintoni ukubaluleka kwebhili yempahla?

I-bill of lading yenye yezona zinto zininzi amaxwebhu abalulekileyo okuthumela. Isebenza njengobungqina bobunini phezu kwempahla kwaye luxwebhu oluchonga kwaye luqinisekise ukuthunyelwa, kungakhathaliseki ubungakanani bayo okanye ixabiso. Ngenxa yoko, inceda ukuthintela ubuqhophololo okanye ubusela ngexesha lokuhamba. Ngapha koko, ngaphandle kwe-BoL, akukho bungqina bokuba nabani na ungumnikazi okanye unoxanduva lokuthunyelwa kwempahla.

Yintoni injongo yebhili yempahla?

I-BoL iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yokuthutha ngenxa yokuba ivumela onke amaqela abandakanyekayo ukuba agcine umkhondo wokuthunyelwa njengoko besuka kwindawo A ukuya kwindawo B. Olu xwebhu lomthetho luneenjongo ezintathu eziphambili:

Uxwebhu lwesihloko

I-bill of lading yikhontrakthi ebophelelayo ngokusemthethweni esebenza njengoxwebhu lwetayitile yempahla. Inika igunya lokuthwala ukuthutha kunye nokuhambisa iimpahla, kwaye iqinisekisa ubunini bempahla ngumthumeli.

Irisithi yokuthunyelwa kwempahla

Isebenza njengobungqina obugunyazisiweyo bokuthunyelwa, i-BoL isetyenziselwa ukubhala ukuhanjiswa kobunini ukusuka kumthumeli ukuya kumthwali okanye. uloyiko ludluliselwe. Xa kwenzeka umonakalo kwimpahla, okanye ukuba abathwali bahluleka ukuhambisa ngexesha, i-bill of lading iya kuba yinto ebalulekileyo yobungqina kwisimangalo.

Imvumelwano macala

I-BoL yincwadana ebalulekileyo yephepha, ukuya kuthi ga ngoku imele imigaqo kunye nemiqathango ekuvunyelwene ngayo ngumthumeli kunye nomthwali. Iquka iinkcukacha ngeempahla ezithuthwayo, indawo eziya kuyo, nayiphi na imiyalelo ekhethekileyo yokuphatha, nokunye okuninzi.

Zeziphi ezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zamatyala omthwalo?

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba akukho nolunye uhlobo lwebhili yomthwalo. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeebhili ezisetyenzisiweyo, ngokuxhomekeke kwimimiselo ebekwe ngamaqela abandakanyekayo kwinkqubo yokuthutha. Ezinye zikhethekileyo kwiindlela ezithile zothutho, ngelixa ezinye zisebenza kuphela phantsi kweemeko okanye iimeko ezithile. Makhe sijonge iintlobo eziqhelekileyo kunye nendlela eyahluke ngayo enye kwenye.

Ibhili yomthwalo ekunokuxoxiswana ngayo

I-bill of loading (NBL) luxwebhu oluvumela umnini (umthumeli okanye umthumeli) ukuba atshintshe ubumnini kunye nesihloko sempahla kumntu wesithathu (umthumeli). I-NBL inokukhutshelwa ukusuka kwelinye iqela ukuya kwelinye ngomthwalo kwaye isebenza kuphela xa isayinwe ngumthumeli wokuqala. Kufana nokuba netshekhi engenanto—nabani na onayo unokubanga ubunini beempahla ezidweliswe kuyo.

Ityala elingaxoxisiyo lokulayishwa

Njengoko igama libonisa, i-bill ye-lading engenakuxoxisana ayikwazi ukudluliselwa kumntu wesithathu. Igama lomamkeli kufuneka livele kwibhili yomthwalo, kwaye akukho mntu wumbi unokuthatha iimpahla ngaphandle kwemvume yakhe. Olu hlobo loxwebhu lusetyenziswa xa kungekho mfuneko yokutshintshwa kwezandla okanye ukudluliselwa komnye umthwali.

Iphepha elithe ngqo lokuthwala

I-bill ye-lading echanekileyo luhlobo lwe-BoL engaxoxiswanga efuna ukuba umamkeli ahlawule iindleko ezipheleleyo zokuthunyelwa kwabo ngaphambi kokuba bafumane iimpahla. Ngaloo ndlela, bathatha zonke iingozi ezinxulumene nezothutho. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-BoL ethe tye yenza lula ukuthengiselana kwemali kwaye ikhuphe imfuno yamaxwebhu amaninzi ukuba athunyelwe ngapha nangapha phakathi kwamaqela.

Ibhili yolwandle yokuhambisa umthwalo

I-ocean bill of lading sisivumelwano esisemthethweni phakathi komthuthi kunye nomthwali ochaza imiqathango yothutho lwempahla. imithwalo yolwandle. Isebenza njenge-invoyisi yokuthunyelwa esayinwe ngamaqela omabini kwaye iqulethe ulwazi malunga nemixholo yokuthunyelwa, njengobunzima kunye nemilinganiselo. Wakuba umthwalo ufikile kwindawo oya kuyo, umamkeli uyasayina aze avume ukuziswa.

Ityala elicocekileyo lempahla

I-bill of lading ecocekileyo luhlobo oluthile lwe-ocean bill of lading, ekhutshwe ngumqhubi emva kokuhlola imeko yempahla ngexesha zilayishwe kwinqanawa. Sisiqinisekiso sokuba zonke iimpahla zihloliwe kwaye akukho monakalo okanye ziphene ezikhoyo. Olu xwebhu yindlela yokuba umamkeli aqinisekise ukuba oko kuthunyelweyo kuyahambelana na noko beku-odolwe.

Ityala elimiselweyo lomthwalo

I-bill of lading bill idla ngokukhutshwa xa umphathiswa efumanisa uhlobo oluthile lokungahambelani nomthwalo okanye imeko yawo. Idwelisa yonke into ukususela kwizinto ezilahlekileyo ukuya kwezo zonakeleyo, kuquka oko bekumele ukuba kukho noko kufike kanye.

Iquka ntoni i-bill of lading?

Ngoku makhe sihambe kumacandelo athile aqhelekileyo ebhilikhi yegeneric yokulayishwa kwetemplate. Siza kugubungela indlela yokugcwalisa uxwebhu lwe-BoL kunye nokuba yintoni na ekufuneka ifakwe kwiakhawunti nganye.

Umzekelo osebenzayo we-bill of lading

Masithi i-ABC Ltd., inkampani yetshokholethi ese-USA, ifuna ukunyusa imigca yayo yokuvelisa ngeebhari zetshokolethi eziyi-100,000 phambi kweKrisimesi. Intloko yesebe lezothutho, uMnu. Munro, sele iveki ifuna umthengisi omtsha weembotyi zetshokolethi. Ekugqibeleni ufikelele kwisivumelwano ne-ZXY LLC, omnye wabavelisi abakhulu be-cocoa kunye nabathengisi bangaphandle base-Ivory Coast. UMnu. Munro usayina isivumelwano kunye ne-ZXY LLC., ukufumana iitoni ezingama-80 zeembotyi zekoko nge-2 yeedola ngeponti.

I-ZXY LLC ilungisa iodolo kwaye iyithathele ukuthunyelwa kwi-MSX Airline Ltd., umthumeli wempahla osekelwe e-Abidjan. Lo mva uza kukhupha ibhili yomthwalo echaza "ZXY LLC" njengomthumeli, "ABC Ltd" njengomthumeli, "Los Angeles, CA" njengendawo yokuthunyelwa, "Uloyiko lomoya” njengendlela yothutho ekuvunyelwene ngayo; kunye “nomhla woku-1 kuSeptemba 2019” njengomhla eziya kuthunyelwa ngawo ezi zinto. I-BoL iya kubandakanya ulwazi malunga nobunzima, imilinganiselo, kunye neempawu zomzimba zeembotyi zetshokolethi.

Ekufikeni kwabo kwindawo abasingise kuyo eLos Angeles, iimbotyi zetshokholethi ziya kusiwa ngelori ngqo kwindawo yokugcina impahla yakwa-ABC Ltd. Abaphathi apho banokufumana ukuhanjiswa ngokubonisa ikopi esayiniweyo ye-BoL. Nje ukuba iimbotyi zetshokolethi zihlolwe kwaye zifunyenwe zikwimeko entle kwaye zinikezelwe njengoko wayethembisile, uMnu. Munro uya kuqhagamshelana nebhanki yomthetheli yenkampani yakhe ukukhulula intlawulo ye-ZXY LLC ngokudluliselwa kwebhanki nge-elektroniki, kwaye voila!

Uxwebhu lwe-BoL: hayi nje iphepha, kodwa isitshixo sothutho lwehlabathi

Ngokwenyani, injongo yomthetho oyilwayo kukusebenza njengoxwebhu olubophelelayo ngokusemthethweni oludlala indima ebalulekileyo kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Lubomi phantse kuyo yonke imithwalo ethunyelwayo, kwaye ngaphandle kwayo, imithwalo isesichengeni sokubiwa kwempahla okanye ukulibaziseka kokuthunyelwa. Funda ngakumbi malunga ukuthunyelwa kwamaxwebhu ngenqwelo egudileyo nekhuselekileyo ukunqumla imida yamazwe ngamazwe!

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