Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi malunga neeMoto zoMbane

Iimoto zombane zithandwa kakhulu kule mihla, kwaye ngesicwangciso sikarhulumente sokuvala ukuthengiswa kweemoto zepetroli kunye nedizili ngo-2035, lelona xesha lihle lokuhlala unolwazi kwaye ufunde ngakumbi malunga nezithuthi zombane.

Le bhlog iya kukuthatha ngeziseko zezithuthi zombane kwaye uxoxe ngamathuba oshishino kwimarike ye-EV.

Isiqulatho
Amandla oshishino lweemoto zombane
Indlela yokusebenza yeemoto zombane
Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe phambi kokuthenga iimoto zombane
isiphelo

 Amandla oshishino lweemoto zombane

Ngaphambi kokuba ungene nzulu kubuchwephesha obusebenzayo beemoto zombane, ukuqonda ukubanakho kweshishini labo kunokuba kukhulu.

Uphononongo olusisiseko, isithuthi sombane sehlabathi okanye imakethi ye-EV kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele malunga ne-823.75 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ngo-2030. Ngamanye amazwi, imarike kulindeleke ukuba ikhule ngesantya esiphezulu. I-CAGR ye-18.2% kwi-2021-2030.

Umba onegalelo kolu hlumo lulindelekileyo lulwazi lwabathengi ngeemveliso eziyingozi ezikhutshelwa kokusingqongileyo zizithuthi eziqhelekileyo zepetroli nezedizili.

Kwakhona, izithuthi zombane zineendleko eziphantsi, ezine-ROI ephezulu kunezithuthi eziqhelekileyo eziqhutywa ngamafutha. Ngaphezu koko, izinto ezenza izithuthi zombane, njengeebhetri ze-EV, iintlobo zoqhagamshelo lokutshaja, iimoto zombane, njl. njl., nazo zibalulekile kwimarike.

Indlela yokusebenza yeemoto zombane

Ngokusetyenziswa rhoqo kwepetroli kunye neenjini zeemoto zedizili, inokuziva intle intsha xa iziswa kwindlela yokusebenza yeemoto zombane.

Isithuthi sombane esiqhelekileyo sidibanisa iibhetri ezinokutshajwa kunye nemoto yombane ukunika amandla amavili emoto. Ngoko ke, xa umqhubi ecinezela i-accelerator, amandla agcinwe kwiibhetri athunyelwa kwi-motor.

Ukwenza izinto zibe lula, nanga onke amacandelo emoto yombane:

Umbane

An umbane idla ngokufumaneka phantsi kwebhonethi yemoto, kwaye ithumela amandla kwi-drivetrain. Ngenxa yoko, amavili ajika naphi na apho umqhubi ecofa i-accelerator. Ngokuqhelekileyo, uninzi lweenjini zombane zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwezinye iindawo zangoku (AC). Nangona kunjalo, abanye abavelisi kunye nababoneleli banokubonelela ngeentlobo zangoku ngqo (DC).  

Iibhetri ezinokuphinda zisebenze

Iibhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona zi-hub yamandla agciniweyo kwimoto yombane. Nanini na xa imoto iplagiwe ukuze itshajiswe, ithatha kwaye igcine amandla asuka kuthungelwano lwesizwe. An EV-ibhetri ilinganiswa ngee-kilowatt-iiyure (kW), uninzi lwazo ziyi-lithium-ion. Kwaye kungenxa yokuba le bhetri yeyona ilungileyo yokugcina intlawulo kunye nokubonelela ngemveliso enamandla. Kwakhona, okukhona iphezulu i-kW yebhetri ye-EV, kokukhona umgama omde wemoto.

I-EV inverter

An I-EV inverter ikhona ukuguqula iDC ibe yiAC. Nangona oku kungafumaneki kwezinye iimoto zombane, konke kuxhomekeke kubume kunye nokusebenza kwemoto yombane. Nangona kunjalo, i-EV inverter iluncedo kwiimeko ezithile ezingalindelekanga kwaye akufanele ihoywe xa ukhetha imoto yombane.

I-drivetrain

The ukuqhuba liqhekeza le-catalyst lemoto yombane ethumela amandla nokuba ngamavili amabini okanye amane. Uninzi lwezithuthi zombane zinesantya esinye kunye nenkqubo yoqeqesho lokuqhuba.

Ukutshaja ngezibuko

Isithuthi sombane asiphelelanga ngaphandle kwayo ukutshaja izibuko-evumela ukudibanisa iimoto zombane izitishi zokutshaja. Into ekhumbulekayo malunga nezibuko lokutshaja isithuthi sombane kukuba iza kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo. Eyona ixhaphakileyo yiplagi ene-pin-ntathu esemgangathweni, nokuba ifakwe okanye ibotshelelwe. Ukongeza, iimoto ezahlukeneyo zinokubonelela ngokutshaja ukusuka kancinci ukuya kwizantya ezikhawulezayo. Ngoko ke, konke kuxhomekeke kubavelisi bezithuthi zombane.

Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe phambi kokuthenga iimoto zombane

Ukuthenga imoto yombane yinto entsha kwaye ibonakala ngathi yinto enkulu namhlanje. Nangona kunjalo, yayifana nendlela abathengi abazisa ngayo imoto yokuqala eyenziweyo emva komhla.

Ke ngoko, kulula ukugcina ezi zinto engqondweni xa ukhetha imoto yombane efanelekileyo ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa lukhetho oluninzi:

Qonda i-ROI ngokuhamba kwexesha

Inqaku lokuqala lingokwengqondo kuphela. Kwaye ibonisa ukuba izithuthi zombane zine-ROI engcono kakhulu ekuhambeni kwexesha kune-diesel kunye ne-petroli-powered counterparts. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iimoto zombane ziyabiza kwaye zifuna iindleko eziphezulu ngaphambili, kodwa iindleko eziphantsi zokuqhuba kunye nokugcinwa kwemoto yombane ziqinisekisa ukuba zihlawulela utyalo-mali lokuqala.

Umzekelo, usebenzisa isixhobo sokubala iindleko zohambo, iimoto ezimbini ezintsha zakwaHyundai ziyathelekiswa: 

Okokuqala yi-Hyundai IONIQ yoMbane, ehamba ngeekhilomitha ezili-1,000 ngenyanga. Esi sithuthi siqikelelwa kwi-dollar ye-10 yamafutha ngekhilomitha nganye kwaye $1,197 iindleko zamafutha zonyaka. Thelekisa oko kwi-Hyundai i30 ehamba kwi-PMS (iikhilomitha ezili-1,000 ngenyanga). Esi sithuthi siqikelelwa kwi-dollar ye-24 ye-fuel ngekhilomitha nganye kwaye $2,924 iindleko zamafutha zonyaka.

Lo mzekelo ubonisa ukuba ungagcina ukuya kuthi ga $ 1,727 ngonyaka ukuba ukhetha iimoto zombane kunepetroli. Ngamafutshane, xa kuziwa kumdlalo wexesha elide, iimoto zombane zifanelekile utyalo-mali. 

Ukutshaja ixesha

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba ixesha lokuhlawula isithuthi sombane sixhomekeke kuhlobo loxhulumaniso lokutshaja, umbane wombane, kunye nobukhulu beebhetri ze-EV. Umzekelo, uhlobo olucothayo lwentlawulo eneplagi ene-pin-ntathu eqhelekileyo ithatha ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezisi-8 ukuya kwezili-10 ngentlawulo epheleleyo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uhlobo olukhawulezayo lokuhlawulela kunye nekhonkco elinesiseko lithatha ukuya kwii-3 - 4 iiyure ngentlawulo epheleleyo. Kwaye uhlobo olukhawulezayo lwentlawulo enekhonkco kunye ne-tethered ithatha kuphela imizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwiyure e-1 ngentlawulo epheleleyo.

Umthamo webhetri umisela umgama

Iimoto zombane zaziwa ngobuchule bazo bokusebenzisa ibhetri kunye nomthamo wemoto yombane. Ngoko ke, xa idizili kunye nepetroli abalingane bayo, akukho khuphiswano, kwaye iimoto zombane zivelele. Ngaphaya koko, umthamo webhetri udlala indima kuluhlu lwemoto. Umzekelo, iVolkswagen e-Golf enebhetri ye-36 kW inoluhlu lweekhilomitha ezili-125, kodwa iHyundai Kona Electric enebhetri ye-64 kW inoluhlu lweekhilomitha ezingama-245. 

Ukwenza i-inshurensi okanye akunjalo?

Ekubeni iimoto zombane zibiza kakhulu, kungokwemvelo ukuba kuya kubakho iintlawulo eziphezulu ze-inshurensi ezibandakanyekayo xa kuthelekiswa noogxa babo be-diesel kunye nepetroli. 

Esinye sezizathu zokuba iinkampani zeinshurensi zenze loo nto kungenxa yokuba uninzi lwabaqhubi abaqhelananga neemoto zombane njengeemoto eziqhelekileyo. Ekugqibeleni, bagqiba ukubeka iipremiyamu eziphezulu. Lo mbandela unokubonakala ngathi yi-con ekuqaleni, kodwa uhlala uxhomekeke kwiimeko zomntu kunye nesigqibo sokuqinisekisa.

isiphelo

Iimoto zombane zikhethekileyo kwaye zixabisa utyalo-mali. Emva kokufunda malunga noqikelelo olulindelekileyo lwemarike ye-EV kunye neendlela zokusebenza zemoto yombane, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba abathengi bakhethe ukuqhuba izithuthi zombane kwixesha elizayo. Emva koko, abathengi sele befumana ixabiso leemoto zombane. Ke, abathengisi banokuhlangabezana neemfuno ezikhulayo ze-EV zabathengi ngokuthenga iimveliso ezisekwe kwi-EV ababoneleli abathembekileyo kwaye uhlale unolwazi lwamva nje iindlela isithuthi amandla amathuba oshishino amaninzi.