Konke okufuneka uyazi malunga nokugcinwa kweWarehousing

Ukugcinwa kwempahla yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yonikezelo lwenkampani, ikakhulu kukugcina iimveliso ubude bexesha obahlukeneyo, kunye nokudlulisela iimveliso phakathi komvelisi kunye nomthengi. Eli nqaku lichaza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zogcino, kwaye yintoni ebandakanyekayo kulawulo lwendawo yokugcina impahla kunye nokusebenza.

Isiqulatho
Iziseko zogcino
Ulawulo lwempahla yendlu
Imisebenzi yendawo yokugcina impahla
Iinkqubo zolawulo lweWarehouse
Konke malunga nokugcinwa kwempahla: imiba ephambili

Iziseko zogcino

Iindawo zokugcina iimpahla zigcina uluhlu lwezinto eziphathekayo oluyinxalenye yakhe nawuphi na umthengi okanye umthengisi itsheyini yonikezo. Ngokunjalo, zihlala zibekwe apho kukho ukufikelela lula kwiilori, kunye kufutshane nezikhululo zeenqwelomoya, amazibuko, uloliwe okanye uthungelwano lwendlela.

Banezibonelelo kunye nezixhobo zokulayisha kunye nokothula iilori ngokulula, kunye nokuhambisa ezo mpahla ukuya okanye ukusuka kwiindawo zokugcina. Iilori zokuphakamisa ifolokhwe zihambisa iimpahla kwiipalethi zobukhulu obuqhelekileyo. Ukwengeza, IiNkqubo zoLawulo lweWarehouse (WMS) zisetyenziselwa ukulawula uluhlu lwempahla, ukucwangcisa umthamo, kunye nokurekhoda isitokhwe kunye nokuphela kwempahla.

Iindawo zokugcina iimpahla zisetyenziswa ngaba: 

• abavelisi ukugcina iimveliso
• abarhwebi nabathumela ngaphandle njengenxalenye yenkqubo yokuthumela ngenqanawa
• amagunya eCustoms njengenxalenye yenkqubo yokucocwa
• iinkampani zolungiselelo njengenxalenye yonikezelo lwenkonzo
• abathengisi kunye nabasasazi
• ababoneleli be-e-commerce njengamaziko okuzaliseka

Ugcino lwabavelisi

Abavelisi bafuna indawo yokugcina iimpahla ukuze bagcine iimveliso zabo ixesha elifutshane, kodwa injongo yabo kukuthengisa nokuhambisa iimveliso zabo ngokukhawuleza. Kusenokubakho imveliso kunye nentsalela yesitokhwe, okanye izinto ezingathengiswanga, ezifuna ukugcinwa kwexesha elide.

Ukugcinwa kwempahla njengenxalenye yomjikelo wokuthunyelwa kwempahla

Iinkampani zokuthumela ngenqanawa zinikezele okanye zabelane ngeendawo zokugcina iimpahla ukuze zibambe ukuthunyelwa okwexeshana kwindawo yemvelaphi okanye indawo ekuyiwa kuyo. Nje ukuba ukuthunyelwa kuthatyathwe kwindawo yokugcina abavelisi, kunokuthi kugcinwe kwindawo yokugcina impahla ngelixa kulindelwe umthuthi, okanye kudityaniswe nezinye izinto ezithunyelwayo. Ekufikeni kwi-port ekuyiwa kuyo, iimpahla zingabanjwa okwethutyana yi-arhente yempahla efumanayo kwindawo yazo yokugcina impahla, ngelixa ilindele imiyalelo yokuhanjiswa okanye intlawulo yomsebenzi kumthumeli.

Ukugcinwa kwempahla njengenxalenye yenkqubo yokucocwa kwempahla

Nje ukuba imithwalo ifike kwizibuko ekuyiwa kulo, ukuba iimpahla azikhange ziwasuse amasiko, zinokubanjwa kwindawo indawo yokugcina impahla de icocwe. Iinkampani ezivunyiweyo zivumelekile ukuba zigcine iimpahla ezithunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle kwixesha elithile kwindawo echongiweyo, enelayisensi ngamasiko, kunye nomsebenzi kunye neerhafu ezimisiweyo. Lo mmandla utyunjiweyo ubizwa ngokuba yindawo evalelweyo, okanye indawo yokugcina impahla enelayisensi.

Ukugcinwa kwempahla njengenxalenye yenkonzo yolungiselelo

Xa indawo yokugcina impahla inikezelwa njengenkonzo yolungiselelo, umboneleli wezothutho onje ngenkampani ye-air Express ubonelela ngenkonzo edibeneyo yogcino kunye nothutho olunokwahlulwa ngokweemfuno zomthengi. Ababoneleli boLungiselelo banokuthi ke babonelele ngeenkonzo ezongeziweyo ngexabiso ngaphakathi kwikhonkco lokubonelela ngemveliso ukuthumela imathiriyeli ekrwada okanye iindawo ezitshintshileyo. 

Ukugcinwa kwempahla kubathengisi kunye nabasasazi

Iziko lokuhambisa liyindawo yokugcina impahla ekholisa ukuba phakathi komenzi okanye umthengisi ogcina uluhlu lwempahla yokuhanjiswa kwengingqi kunye neentengiso eziya phambili. Ngale ndlela, umenzi unokubamba izinto ze-inventri ezikhethekileyo kumthengi kufutshane nomthengi wabo wokugqibela ukuhanjiswa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuthengiswa kwakhona. Amaziko okusasaza anokulawulwa ngumenzi okanye anikezelwe ngaphandle komnye umntu.

I-E-commerce warehousing kunye namaziko okuzaliseka 

A iziko lokuzaliseka liyindawo yokugcina impahla isetyenziswa nguye nawuphi na umthengisi okanye umthengisi onendawo engaphambili ye-e-commerce. Iziko lokuzaliseka lidla ngokunikezelwa kumnikezeli wezinto ezingaphandle (i-3PL warehousing). Umthengisi okanye umthengisi uya kuthenga iimveliso kwi-wholesale kwaye azigcine kwiziko lokuzalisekisa kude kufike i-e-commerce yabathengi kwiimveliso zomntu ngamnye. Iziko lokuzaliseka lilawula uluhlu lomthengisi, likhetha kwaye lipakishe izinto, kwaye lithumele ii-odolo ngokuthe ngqo kumthengi wokugqibela.

Ulawulo lwempahla yendlu

Ulawulo lwesitora lubandakanya ukulungelelanisa indawo yokugcina impahla, ukucwangcisa abasebenzi, ukulawula uluhlu lwempahla kunye nokuzalisekisa imiyalelo. Ulawulo olusebenzayo lwesitora ibandakanya ukudibanisa kunye nokwandisa yonke imiba yokusebenza kwendawo yokugcina impahla ukwandisa imveliso kunye nokugcina iindleko ziphantsi.

Ukulawula umthamo wokuthumela

Indawo yokugcina impahla ilinganiselwe; ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukulawula amanqanaba oluhlu kunye nomthamo wokuthunyelwa. Oyena ndoqo wokulawula umthamo kukuceba kakuhle, yaye inkqubo yokulawula indawo yokugcina impahla inokuba luncedo. Olunye uluhlu lwempahla lunokugcinwa okwexeshana kunye nabanye ixesha elide, ngoko ke isicwangciso sokukhetha sibalulekile ekujikelezeni uluhlu, umzekelo, ekusebenziseni i-FIFO okanye i-LIFO (i-first-in-first-out, last-in-first-out).

Ulawulo lwabasebenzi

Ulawulo lwabasebenzi kwindawo yokugcina impahla lubandakanya ukucwangcisa nokucwangciswa kweeshifti kunye namaqela. Abasebenzi badinga uqeqesho ukuze basebenzise iinkqubo, kwaye babe yinxalenye ekhuthazayo yenkqubo yokuzaliseka ngokupheleleyo ukunciphisa ukukha, ukupakisha kunye neempazamo zokuthumela.

Ukuthotyelwa komthetho

Ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho yesitora kubandakanya zombini iinkqubo zokhuseleko lwendawo yokugcina impahla, kunye nemigaqo yokuthotyelwa kwemizi-mveliso. Oku kunokubandakanya ukuphathwa ngokukhuselekileyo kwezinto eziyingozi, ukutya, kunye noluhlu lwexabiso eliphezulu. Ukuthobela kunokubandakanya uqeqesho olukhuselekileyo lokuphakamisa, ukusebenza kwe-forklift, kunye neenkqubo zomlilo kunye nokhuseleko. 

Iinkqubo zokhuseleko

Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa indawo yokugcina impahla ekhuselekileyo, ngaphakathi nangaphandle, ukunciphisa ilahleko ye-inventri. Iinkqubo zokhuseleko lwangaphandle zithintela ubusela, ngelixa iinkqubo zokhuseleko zangaphakathi zinokunceda ukunqanda ubusela xa kukho nakuphi na ukwaphulwa kwangaphandle. Iinkqubo zokhuseleko ziquka iikhamera zokhuseleko, ii-ID zabasebenzi, iinkqubo zokulandela umkhondo we-inventri, iinkqubo ze-alarm, kunye nolawulo lokungena kweminyango nefestile.

Imisebenzi yendawo yokugcina impahla

Imisebenzi yesitora ibandakanya inani lemisebenzi ephambili ekucwangcisweni nasekuqhutyweni kwemisebenzi yesitora. Oku kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwendawo kunye nokucwangciswa kwamandla, iinkqubo zokugcina kunye nokulungiswa kwe-inventory, ukusebenza kwezixhobo kunye nokugcinwa, ukusetyenziswa kwabasebenzi, kunye nokulawulwa kwabathengi.

Ukucwangciswa komthamo wendawo yokugcina impahla

Le miba yokucwangcisa zombini umthamo wokugcina kunye nomthamo wokusebenza. Umthamo wokugcina ubungakanani bendawo ekhoyo yokubamba uluhlu, ngelixa amandla okusebenza sisixa sendawo ekhoyo yokupakisha, ukulungiselela ukuthunyelwa, kunye nokuhamba.

Ukugcinwa kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwe-inventri

Ukuphucula ugcino kunye noluhlu lwempahla kubandakanya ukudibanisa iziseko zophuhliso, izixhobo, kunye nokuleyibhile, kwi lawulo lwezinto. Inkqubo esebenzayo yokukhwela iyacetyiswa ukuba isebenzise ngokufanelekileyo umgangatho kunye nendawo ethe nkqo. Izixhobo zokufikelela ziya kubandakanya iipalati kunye neeforklift okanye iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo. Iinkqubo zokuleyibhela kunye nokulandela umkhondo zidla ngokusebenzisa iibhakhowudi okanye iithegi zeRIFD.

I-automation yeWarehouse

Ngokusetyenziswa okwandayo kwerobhothi kunye netekhnoloji kwindawo yokugcina iimpahla, zininzi iindlela ezikhoyo zokusebenzisa intshukumo yesitokhwe, ukukrazula, ukuchola, kunye nokubuyisela isitokhwe.

Ukugcinwa kwezixhobo zokugcina impahla

Ukugcinwa rhoqo kwezixhobo zokugcina iimpahla kubalulekile ukugcina imisebenzi isebenza. Ii-forklifts kufuneka zigcinwe, iitroli kunye neelevator zigcinwe zisebenza kakuhle, kwaye naziphi na iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo zikhangelwe kwaye zinikwe inkonzo.

Ulawulo lwabathengi

Ngokunyuka kwe-e-commerce kunye nekhonkco kumaziko okuzalisekisa, abathengi bajwayele ukukha imveliso ngokukhawuleza kunye namaxesha amafutshane okuthumela. Iinkqubo zangaphakathi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwendawo yokugcina izinto kuye kwabaluleke kakhulu ekwanelisekeni kwabathengi, ngoko ke amava omthengi kunye nengxelo iba yinxalenye yenkqubo yokuphucula.

Iinkqubo zolawulo lweWarehouse

Inkqubo yolawulo lwe-warehouse (WMS) yisoftware esetyenziselwa ukulawula yonke imiba yokusebenza kwendawo yokugcina impahla, njengolawulo lwempahla equka ukuzaliswa kwakhona, ukuthathwa nokupakisha, ukuthunyelwa kwenqanawa, kunye nolawulo lwendawo yokugcina impahla kubandakanya ukucwangciswa kwamandla, ukuphumelela kokuhamba komsebenzi kunye nohlalutyo lwamanani.

Kutheni usebenzisa isoftware yeWMS?

Esinye sezizathu ezibaluleke kakhulu zokusebenzisa i-WMS kulawulo lwempahla yokugcina impahla. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba sisiphi isitokhwe esikhoyo ngoku kwindawo yokugcina impahla, sesiphi isitokhwe esisezantsi okanye esiphelileyo, kunye nendawo yokugcina impahla ukufumana eso sitokhwe. Inkqubo elungileyo iphinda iqhagamshele kwindawo yokuthengisa okanye i-e-commerce shopfront ukubonisa isitokhwe esikhoyo ukuze umthengi asibone.

I-WMS elungileyo nayo iya kubonelela ngohlalutyo lwexesha lokwenyani kuwo wonke umba wokusebenza kwendawo yokugcina impahla, kubandakanywa ukufumana kunye nokuthunyelwa, uluhlu lwempahla kunye nokuzaliseka kwe-odolo, ukucwangciswa kwamandla kunye nokusetyenziswa kwabasebenzi, kunye neendleko zokusebenza.

Iinzuzo ze-WMS automation

I-WMS ibalulekile ukuze isitora sisebenze ngokufanelekileyo kwaye silandele umkhondo wempahla ukusuka kwilori ukuya kwishelufu, ukusuka kwishelufu ukuya kwilori. Okona kubaluleke kakhulu, i-WMS idibanisa yonke imiba yokubonelela ngemveliso, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukulawula ii-KPIs kunye nokulungelelanisa iinkqubo zokugcina iimpahla phantsi kweqonga elinye.

Konke malunga nokugcinwa kwempahla: imiba ephambili

Impahla yokugcina impahla yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yobonelelo ngokubanzi. Kukho amanqaku amaninzi ecaleni kwekhonkco lokubonelela apho iimpahla kufuneka zigcinwe kwaye zigcinwe ubude bexesha elahlukileyo, kwaye uhlobo ngalunye logcino luneemfuno ezahlukeneyo ekuzalisekiseni ukwaneliseka kwabathengi kunye neemfuno. Urhwebo lwe-E-lwenze imfuno yokuba imisebenzi yeziko lokuzalisekiswa isebenze ngokufanelekileyo ukuze ihlangabezane neemfuno zokuthumela abathengi.

Ukuze ube nokusebenza ngempumelelo kwekhonkco lonikezelo, kubalulekile ukufunda konke malunga nezona ndlela zilungileyo zokugcina iimpahla. Ngale ndlela unokuqinisekisa ulawulo olululo lwe-inventri kunye nokuzaliseka kweodolo ngexesha.

Nokuba luhlobo luni lwendawo yokugcina impahla, ukucwangciswa okusebenzayo kunye nolawulo lwe-inventri kubalulekile, njengokugcinwa okuphuculweyo kunye nokucwangciswa komthamo. Amashishini kunye nokukhula kwezakhono kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba umthamo wogcino angonganyelwa. Iinkqubo zolawulo lwe-Warehouse zingundoqo kulawulo jikelele, kunye nocwangciso lweqhinga.

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