Kutheni i-Perovskites inokuthatha iiSeli zeSola ziye kwiindawo eziphakamileyo

Ukutshintshela kwi umoya ovuselelekayo njengombane welanga ubalulekile kumlo ochasene nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngelixa itekhnoloji yelanga yenze imitsi ebalaseleyo ukusukela oko yaqalayo, isafuna itekhnoloji entsha ukuze ibe yindlela enokusebenziseka kumafutha efosili. Kule meko, i-perovskites, i-invention yamva nje kwicandelo lamandla ahlaziyekayo, ingaba ngumtshintshi wegeyimu ekuphuhliseni amandla asebenzayo elanga.

Iiphaneli zelanga zemveli zenziwa kusetyenziswa i-crystalline silicon (c-Si) okanye iitekhnoloji yelanga ecwebileyo, enokusebenza okulinganiselweyo. Nangona kunjalo, i-perovskites ilula kwaye i-flexible crystalline izakhiwo ezinokuthi zifakwe ngokulula kuyo nayiphi na indawo, iguquguqukayo okanye ibhalwe. Ndiyabulela kule nto, banokukhokelela ekudalweni kwezinto ezincinci kunye nokukhanya iiphaneli zesola, ekwazi ukusebenza kwiqondo lokushisa kunye nokuvelisa umbane ongaphezulu ukusuka elangeni ngexabiso eliphantsi kuneeseli ze-silicon zelanga.

Nangona kungekho sicelo se-perovskites sele sithengisiwe okwangoku, sisifundo sophando oluqhubekayo kunye notyalo-mali. Ngeenkampani ezininzi ezijonge ukusebenzisa amandla abo, ngoku lixesha elihle lokufunda malunga neeseli zelanga ze-perovskite, iteknoloji yazo, kunye nendlela eyahluke ngayo kwiiseli zelanga zemveli.

Isiqulatho
Yintoni i-perovskite?
Zenziwa njani iiseli zelanga zeperovskite?
Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli zelanga ze-perovskite
Iiseli zelanga ze-Perovskite vs. iiseli ze-silicon ze-crystalline zelanga
isiphelo

Yintoni i-perovskite?

Ngokungafaniyo nekristale Isilicon, I-perovskites yintsapho yezinto eziphathekayo kunye nesakhiwo se-crystal esiyingqayizivele esifana ne-mineral yegama elifanayo elafunyanwa okokuqala eRashiya kwi-1839. Nangona kunjalo, bekude kube yi-2006 ukuba i-perovskites yaqala ukuphandwa njengezinto ezixutywe, kunye neziphumo zophando olupapashwe kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, kwi-2009.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeeperovskites. I-perovskite yokuqala efunyenweyo yenziwe nge-calcium titanium oxide. Kamva, iintlobo ezininzi ze-perovskite zafunyanwa, kubandakanywa nezo zine-methyl ammonium lead triiodide. Nangona kunjalo, i-perovskites inenzuzo kakhulu kwishishini lelanga zezo i crystals yenziwe ngeeathom ze-organic kunye ne-inorganic ezidityaniswe netoti okanye iiathom zelothe.

IiPerovskites zezona zithembisayo kwi-3^rd isizukulwana I-Photovoltaic (PV) iinkqubo, ezenza ukuba zitshintshe umdlalo kwishishini lelanga. Kwiminyaka emihlanu edlulileyo, ukusebenza kakuhle kweseli yelanga ye-perovskite kwafunyaniswa ukuba kunyuswe ukusuka ngaphantsi kwe-4% ukuya ngaphezulu. 20%. Kwiminyaka eli-15 ezayo, ukusebenza kwawo kuqikelelwa ukuba kuya kunyuka ngakumbi 30%. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kukholelwa ukuba iiseli zelanga ze-perovskite zinokuthi zithathe indawo yeepaneli zelanga ze-c-Si kunye neyona nto incinci-ifilimu ye-photovoltaics.

Zenziwa njani iiseli zelanga zeperovskite?

Ngamazwi alula, iiseli zelanga ze-perovskite zenziwe ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuthi "i-chemistry emanzi," apho izinto ezifana ne-methylammonium halide, i-methylammonium lead iodide, kunye nezinye izongezo zixutywe kwisisombululo. Lo mxube unokufakwa kwiglasi, i-oxide yentsimbi, iiseli ze-silicon zelanga, iipolima eziguquguqukayo, okanye umthi ocacileyo.

Ukubekwa kwesisombululo se-perovskite kwizinto ezisisiseko kwenziwa nge-spin-coating, esekelwe kwingcamango efanayo kunye noomatshini be-Spin-Art abasetyenziswa ngabantwana. Isisombululo sinokutshizwa okanye sitshizwe kwi-substrate, kunye ne-substrate iqhutywe ngesantya esiphezulu, evumela ukuba umgca omncinci wesisombululo usasazeke ngokulinganayo kuwo wonke umhlaba. Xa i-solvent kumxube iphuphuma, ifilimu ye-perovskite ishiywe ngasemva njengemigangatho emincinci ye-perovskite crystals enokuthi ifakwe lula kwi-cell cell.

Nangona kunjalo, kukho ngaphezu kwendlela enye yokuvelisa i-perovskite iiseli zelanga, njengoncedo lomphunga, amanyathelo amabini adipozithiweyo, kunye nokubeka umphunga oshushu.

Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli zelanga ze-perovskite

Lilonke, zonke iiseli zelanga zinezinto ezifanayo. Ezi ziquka ubuncinane omnye ungqimba olubi, umgca ochanekileyo wezinto eziphathekayo ze-photovoltaic, kunye ne-electrode eqhubayo ngaphambili nangasemva. Ii-electrodes zithwala ii-electron ezitshajiswe lilanga ukusuka kumaleko angalunganga ecaleni kocingo ukuze zivelise umbane phambi kokuba zizibuyisele kumaleko afanelekileyo. Ukongezelela, emva kokufakwa kwimodyuli yelanga, zonke iiseli zelanga zivaliwe kwi-encapsulation layer ukuze zikhuseleke kumonakalo wemozulu.

Ngoku, xa kuziwa kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo ze iiseli zelanga ze-perovskite, iindidi ezimbini zibaluleke kakhulu - iiseli zefilimu ezincinci kunye neeseli ze-tandem. Iiseli zefilimu ezincinci zine-perovskites kuphela njengesixhobo se-photovoltaic, ngelixa iiseli ze-tandem zinokuba neengqimba ezininzi ze-perovskite okanye umaleko obhityileyo we-perovskite phezu kwe-crystalline silicon layer.

Kukwakho neeseli tandem zefilim ezincinci. Apha, iiseli ziqulathe zobhedu iileyile ze-indium gallium selenide (CIGS) ezigqunywe nge-perovskite layer. Iiseli ze-thin-film tandem yitekhnoloji esele igqibelele yelanga.

Iiseli zelanga ze-Perovskite vs. iiseli ze-silicon ze-crystalline zelanga

Iiseli ze-crystalline ze-silicon zelanga, ezijongwa njengetekhnoloji evuthiweyo eneenkqubo zokuvelisa ubuninzi, ibiyinto eqhelekileyo kumashumi eminyaka kwishishini lelanga. Ezi zinesakhiwo se-AI-BSF apho i-monocrystalline okanye i-polycrystalline c-Si isetyenziswe kwi-absorber layer.

Umahluko onomdla phakathi kwe-perovskite kunye ne-c-Si yikhono labo lokufunxa ukukhanya. Perovskite iiseli inokusabela kuluhlu olubanzi lwemibala kwi-spectrum yelanga, ngelixa i-c-Si inokufunxa kuphela ukukhanya kwe-wavelength elingana okanye enkulu kune-1,100 nm. Oku kungenxa yesakhiwo seeseli ze-perovskite, njengoko ivumela i-electron ukuba ingene kwiingqimba ezinzima ngokufanelekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, banokuguqula inani eliphezulu lokukhanya kwelanga libe ngumbane, onegalelo ekusebenzeni okuphezulu kwe-perovskites.

Ukuphumelela okuphezulu okurekhodiweyo kweseli yelanga ye-perovskite 29.15%, xa kuthelekiswa ne-25.4% ephantsi eboniswe yi-c-Si iiseli zelanga. Ukuqwalasela ukuba i-crystalline silicon i-Al-BSF iteknoloji ekhulile kakhulu, oku kubonakalisa amandla athembisayo eepaneli zelanga ze-perovskite.

Ekugqibeleni, perovskite iiseli zelanga bonisa izinto ezinokwenzeka eziphantsi kunye neendleko ezincitshisiweyo zokulungisa. Zisenokwenziwa ngemibala eyahlukeneyo, evumela abathengi ukuba benze imveliso ngokwezidingo zabo. Iimpawu ezongezelelweyo zeeseli zelanga ze-perovskite, ezifana nokuguquguquka, ukukhanya, kunye nokubonakala kwe-semi-transparency, baye baqinisekisa abaphandi kunye nabaqulunqi be-elektroniki ukuba izicelo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli zelanga ze-perovskite zinokuthatha indawo ye-c-Si. iteknoloji ekuqhubekeni.

Abantu banokuthenga nini iiseli zelanga ze-perovskite? Isiphelo

Abaphandi kunye neengcali kwi umoya ovuselelekayo amashishini abona i-perovskites njengesixhobo esithembisayo sokuphuhlisa iiseli zelanga ezingabizi kakhulu, ezisebenzayo, kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ngenxa yoko, amashishini amaninzi kunye nemibutho ngoku iphanda amandla eeseli zelanga ze-perovskite, kuquka i-National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), i-Oxford PV, i-Qcells, kunye nabanye. Ngelixa iiseli abazenzayo ziziiseli zovavanyo ezinobungakanani besitampu, azikakulungeli ukuthengiswa eluntwini, urhwebo olukhulu lusenokungabi kude.