Isikhokelo sakho kwezona bhetri zibalaseleyo ze-LFP kwiMarike ngo-2024

Iibhetri ze-LFP ziyaziwa ngeempawu zazo zokhuseleko oluqinileyo kunye nobomi bomjikelezo omde. Ezi bhetri zibandakanya izinto ze-lithium iron phosphate cathode ezingakhuseleki kakhulu ekushiseni, zibenza bakhuseleke kunesiqhelo. Iibhetri ze-lithium-ion. Zifaneleke ngokukodwa kwizicelo ezifuna imisinga yomthwalo ophezulu kunye nokuqina okuphezulu, njengeebhasi zombane kunye neenkqubo zokugcina amandla elanga. 

Funda kushwankathelo olufutshane lweebhetri ze-LFP, kwaye ufumanise izinto eziphambili ekufuneka uziqwalasele xa ukhetha iibhetri ze-LFP ngo-2024.

Isiqulatho
Yintoni ibhetri ye-LFP?
ukwakhiwa
uhlelo
Iziganeko zesicelo
Yintoni ekufuneka uyiqwalasele xa ukhetha ibhetri ye-LFP?
Iindlela zetekhnoloji
Umgca osezantsi

Yintoni ibhetri ye-LFP?

Iibhetri ze-lithium-iron phosphate (iibhetri ze-LFP ngokufutshane) ziibhetri ze-lithium-ion ezisebenzisa i-lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) njengezinto ze-cathode. Ukusukela ekuphuhliseni kwabo ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-2000, iibhetri ze-LFP zitsale ingqalelo ebanzi ngozinzo lwazo lwe-thermal, ubomi obude, kunye nobuhlobo bendalo.

Xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri zelithium-ion eziqhelekileyo (umzekelo, ezo zisebenzisa i-lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2)), iibhetri LFP bonisa izinto eziluncedo ezibalulekileyo ngokokhuseleko, ubomi bomjikelo, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko, noxa uxinaniso lwamandla lusezantsi ngokwentelekiso.

Isakhiwo iibhetri LFP kukuba mancinci amathuba okuba baqalise ukusabela kokubaleka kwe-thermal phantsi kwe-overcharging, i-short-circuiting, okanye i-high-temperatures, enciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wemililo okanye ukuqhuma, kwaye ibenze ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwizithuthi zombane, iinkqubo zokugcina amandla, kunye nezixhobo eziphathekayo.

Oku kunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko womlilo okanye ukuqhuma, okwenza kube yinto efanelekileyo kwizicelo ezifana neenqwelo zombane, iinkqubo zokugcina amandla kunye nezixhobo zombane eziphathekayo. Iibhetri ze-LFP zisetyenziswa kuluhlu oluhlala lukhula lwezicelo, ukusuka kwizixhobo zombane eziphathwayo ukuya kwiimoto ezinkulu zombane ukuya kwiinkqubo zokugcina amandla asekhaya kunye nezorhwebo.

Ubomi babo bokujikeleza ixesha elide / ukukhutshwa kwe-2,000 ukuya kwi-8,000 imijikelezo iphezulu kakhulu kunezinye iintlobo zeebhetri ze-lithium-ion, oku kuthetha ukuba iibhetri ze-LFP zinika ubomi obude, okunciphisa iindleko zexesha elide lobunini. Ukongeza, iibhetri ze-LFP aziqukethe izinto ezinobungozi ezifana ne-cobalt kunye ne-nickel, ezenza ukuba zikhuseleke ngakumbi kwendalo kwaye kulula ukuzisebenzisa kwakhona.

Nangona ubuninzi bamandla eebhetri ze-LFP buphantsi kunezinye iintlobo zeebhetri ze-lithium-ion, ukusebenza kwazo okugqwesileyo kokhuseleko kunye neenzuzo zezoqoqosho zenza iibhetri ze-LFP zibe yinto ethembekileyo kwaye ezinzileyo kwizicelo ezininzi.

ukwakhiwa

Iibhetri zeLithium-Fe-Phosphorus (LFP). zenziwe ngamacandelo amane aphambili: i-electrode evumayo, i-electrode engalunganga, i-electrolyte, kunye ne-diaphragm. La malungu asebenza kunye ukwenza ukuba ibhetri ikwazi ukugcina kwaye ikhuphe amandla ombane.

Cathode

Izinto ze-cathode yi-lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4). Izibonelelo zalo mbandela ziquka ukuzinza okuhle kwe-thermal, ubomi obude kunye nobuhlobo bendalo. Isakhiwo se-crystal ye-lithium ye-iron phosphate inika ukusebenza okuzinzile kwe-electrochemical kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokutshaja, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukhuseleko olupheleleyo lwebhetri.

Anode

I-electrode engalunganga ye iibhetri LFP ngokuqhelekileyo yenziwe ngegraphite. Ngethuba lokutshaja, i-lithium ion isuka kwi-electrode efanelekileyo ukuya kwi-electrode engafanelekanga kwaye ifakwe kwi-graphite layer; ngexesha lokukhupha, i-lithium ion isuka kwi-graphite ibuyele kwi-electrode efanelekileyo. I-graphite anode inikeza indawo yokugcina i-lithium ezinzileyo yebhetri, igalelo lokuhamba ngebhayisikili ixesha elide kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla okusebenzayo.

I-Electrolyte

I-electrolyte isebenza njengendawo yokuthutha ye-lithium ion kwibhetri, ivumela i-lithium ion ukuba ihambe phakathi kwe-electrodes ephilileyo kunye ne-negative ngexesha lokutshaja nokukhupha. I-electrolyte kwiibhetri ze-LFP ingaba yi-solvent ye-lithium ephilayo kunye neetyuwa ze-lithium (umzekelo, i-LiPF6) echithwe kuyo ukuze ibonelele kakuhle i-ionic conductivity.

Isifayili

I-diaphragm yifilimu ye-microporous ehlala phakathi kwe-electrodes efanelekileyo kunye ne-negative, ekhusela ukuba bangadibanisi ngokuthe ngqo kwaye ibangele isiphaluka esifutshane, ngelixa ivumela i-lithium ion ukuba idlule. Izinto eziphathekayo kunye nesakhiwo se-pore se-diaphragm sinempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwi-ionic conductivity, ukhuseleko kunye nobomi bebhetri.

uhlelo

iibhetri LFP zihlelwe ngokuyinhloko ngokusekelwe kwisicelo sabo, ifom kunye nenkqubo yokulawula ibhetri, nangona zihambelana ngokuthe ngqo kwimichiza yazo, oko kukuthi, bonke basebenzisa i-lithium iron phosphate njengento ye-cathode. Apha ngezantsi kukho iindlela ezimbalwa eziqhelekileyo zokuhlela iibhetri zeLFP:

Ihlelwe ngokwemimandla yesicelo

Izixhobo zombane eziphathwayo: iiselfowuni, iilaptops, iiPC zetablet kunye nezinye iimveliso zombane eziphathwayo.

Uthutho lombane: iibhayisekile zombane, iimoto zombane, izithuthuthu zombane kunye nezinye izinto zokuhamba.

Iinkqubo zokugcina amandla: kwiinkqubo ze-photovoltaic zelanga, ukugcinwa kwamandla omoya, iinkqubo zokugcina amandla ekhaya kunye nezisombululo zokugcina amandla egridi enkulu.

Usetyenziso lwemizi-mveliso nezorhwebo: kubandakanywa unikezelo lwamandla olungaphazamisekiyo (UPS), ukukhanya okungxamisekileyo, izixhobo zombane kunye nezinye izinto ezisetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso.

Ihlelwe ngokwefomu kunye nobukhulu

Iibhetri zeCylindrical: Uyilo lwesiqhelo lwecylindrical kwiimfuno zebhetri ezisemgangathweni.

Iibhetri zeepakethi zesikwere okanye eziguquguqukayo: zibonelela ngokuguquguquka ngakumbi ngeemilo ezilungiselelweyo kunye nobukhulu boyilo lwezixhobo ezithile, ezifanelekileyo kwizicelo ezixineneyo kwindawo.

Iimodyuli ezinkulu kunye neebhetri: Hlanganisa iibhetri ezininzi zomntu kwiipakethi ezinkulu okanye iimodyuli zezithuthi zombane kunye neenkqubo zokugcina amandla.

Iziganeko zesicelo

iibhetri LFP, kunye neempawu zabo zokhuseleko kunye nobomi obude, ziye zasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkalo ezininzi. Ngezantsi zimbalwa zeemeko ezingundoqo zesicelo kunye neenkcazo ezineenkcukacha:

Zithuthi

iibhetri LFP zithandwa kakhulu kwicandelo lezithuthi zombane kuba zinika uzinzo oluhle kakhulu lwe-thermal kunye nobomi obude, ukunciphisa ukuphindaphinda kokutshintshwa kwebhetri kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zexesha elide lobunini. 

Nangona ubuninzi bamandla eebhetri ze-LFP buphantsi kunezinye iintlobo zeebhetri ze-lithium-ion, zanele ukuhamba edolophini kunye nokuhamba kwexesha elifutshane, ngelixa ukhuseleko lwabo oluphezulu lunciphisa iingozi zokhuseleko ezinxulumene nokusebenza kwezithuthi zombane.

I-elektroniki ephathekayo

iibhetri LFP zikwasetyenziswa kwizinto zombane eziphathwayo ezifana neeselfowuni, iilaptops, neekhamera zedijithali ngenxa yokhuseleko oluphezulu nozinzo. Nangona izixhobo kwezi zicelo zihlala zineemfuno eziphezulu zoxinano lwamandla, ubomi obude kunye neempawu zokugcinwa okuphantsi kweebhetri ze-LFP zibenza balungele izicelo ezithile.

Iinkqubo zokugcina amandla

iibhetri LFP sisisombululo esifanelekileyo sokugcina amandla asekhaya kunye norhwebo. Banokugcina ngokufanelekileyo umbane oveliswa ngamandla elanga okanye omoya ukuze usetyenziswe ebusuku okanye ngamaxesha apho kungekho moya. Ukuzinza okuphezulu kunye nobomi obude beebhetri ze-LFP zibenza bafaneleke ngokufanelekileyo ukusetyenziswa njengeeyunithi zokugcina amandla kwiinkqubo zamandla avuselelekayo, kunceda ukwandisa ukusebenza kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwegridi.

Iibhayisekile ze-E kunye nee-scooters

iibhetri LFP zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuthutho lombane olukhaphukhaphu olufana neebhayisekile ze-e kunye ne-e-scooters ngenxa yemveliso yazo elungileyo yobunzima ukuya kumandla, ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko. Xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri ze-lead-asidi zemveli, iibhetri ze-LFP zibonelela ngesisombululo sobunzima obukhaphukhaphu esandisa umgama wokuqhuba kwaye sinciphise inani lokutshajwa kwakhona.

Izibane zelanga zesitrato kunye nezibane zangaphandle

iibhetri LFP nazo zifanelekile izibane zesitalato zelanga kunye neenkqubo zokukhanyisa zangaphandle ezifuna ukugcina amandla okwaneleyo ukukhanyisa okuqhubekayo ngokungabikho kwegalelo lelanga. Uzinzo kunye nobomi obude beebhetri ze-LFP zibaluleke kakhulu kwezi zicelo, njengoko zihlala zifakwe kwiindawo ekunzima ukuzigcina rhoqo.

Yintoni ekufuneka uyiqwalasele xa ukhetha ibhetri ye-LFP?

Ezi meko zilandelayo kunye nezinto kufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha iibhetri ze-lithium-ferrophosphorus (LFP). njengesisombululo samandla:

Iimfuno eziphezulu zokhuseleko

Iibhetri ze-LFP lolona khetho lufanelekileyo ukuba imeko yesicelo ifuna ukhuseleko oluphezulu kakhulu lwebhetri, ngakumbi ukuba kukho imfuneko yokunciphisa umngcipheko wokutsha kunye nokudubula okubangelwa kukutshaja ngokugqithiseleyo, ukufudumeza, okanye umonakalo emzimbeni. Iibhetri ze-LFP zizinzile ngokwe-thermal kunye neekhemikhali, ezivumela ukuba zigcine ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo naphantsi kweemeko ezinzima.

Iimfuno zobomi obude

Kwizixhobo okanye iinkqubo ezifuna ubomi bomjikelo omde ukusuka kwiibhetri zazo, ezifana neenkqubo zokugcina amandla, ukuthuthwa kombane, kunye nezicelo ezithile zoshishino, iibhetri ze-LFP zibonelela nge-2000 ukuya kwi-8000 imijikelezo yokuhlawula / yokukhupha edlula kakhulu ezo zezinye iintlobo ezininzi zeebhetri ze-lithium-ion, zandisa ngokumangalisayo ixesha lokutshintshwa kwebhetri kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko.

Ukusetyenziswa kokusingqongileyo kwangaphandle okanye okugqithisileyo

iibhetri LFP ziyakwazi ukusebenza ngokuzinzileyo kuluhlu olubanzi lobushushu, zibenze zilungele iimeko eziguquguqukayo zangaphandle okanye zobushushu. Iibhetri ze-LFP lukhetho oluhle kakhulu kwizibane zesitrato zelanga, izixhobo zokujonga ngaphandle, okanye izixhobo ezifuna ukusebenza kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu okanye aphantsi.

Izinto ezinobuzaza ngexabiso

Ngelixa ixabiso lokuqala lokuthenga iibhetri ze-LFP zinokuba phezulu kunezinye iintlobo zeebhetri (umzekelo, iibhetri ze-lead-acid), ubomi bazo obude kunye neemfuno zokugcinwa okuphantsi kunokubonelela ngexabiso eliphantsi lilonke lobunini kubomi bazo bonke. Iibhetri ze-LFP lukhetho olungabizi kakhulu kwiiprojekthi ezinohlahlo lwabiwo-mali olulinganiselweyo kodwa kunye neendleko zexesha elide-zokusebenza engqondweni.

Ubuninzi bamandla ayisiyiyo eyona nto iphambili

Nangona uxinano lwamandla lweebhetri ze-LFP lungaphantsi kunezinye iintlobo zeebhetri ze-lithium-ion, ukuba imeko yesicelo ayinayo iimfuno ezingqongqo kakhulu zoxinano lwamandla, ezinye izibonelelo zeebhetri ze-LFP (umzekelo, ukhuseleko, ixesha elide, kunye neendleko) zingabaluleka ngakumbi.

Iindlela zetekhnoloji

Ibhetri ye-LFP itekhnoloji ibonise indlela ecacileyo yophuhliso kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kwaye oku kulandelayo yimiba embalwa yophuhliso lobuchwepheshe bebhetri ye-LFP:

Ukuphuculwa koxinano lwamandla

Nangona iibhetri ze-LFP zithandwa ngenxa yokhuseleko lwazo kunye nobomi obude, uxinano lwazo olusezantsi lunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwazo kwizicelo ezithile. Ke ngoko, ukuphuculwa koxinzelelo lwamandla kuye kwaba yeyona nto iphambili kuphando kunye nophuhliso. 

Ngokulungisa i-microstructure yezinto ze-cathode kunye nokuphuhlisa i-cell esebenzayo ngakumbi kunye nobuchule bokuvelisa, abaphandi basebenzela ukwandisa ubuninzi bamandla eebhetri ze-LFP kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo.

Ukunciphisa iindleko

iibhetri LFP sele zidumile kwiimarike ngenxa yeendleko-zokusebenza, ngakumbi xa kuqwalaselwa ubomi babo obude kunye neendleko zokugcinwa okuphantsi. Ukuqhubeka nokunciphisa iindleko zemveliso kungundoqo ekuqhubeni ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi kweebhetri ze-LFP. 

Ishishini lisebenzela ukuqhubela phambili ukunciphisa iindleko ezipheleleyo zeebhetri ze-LFP ngokuphucula iinkqubo zokuvelisa, ukuqonda uqoqosho lwesikali kwizinto eziphathekayo kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa, kunye nokuphuhlisa iteknoloji yokuvelisa ngokufanelekileyo.

Itekhnoloji yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza

Ukuphucula amava omsebenzisi, ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza yenye indlela ekuphuhlisweni kobuchwepheshe bebhetri ye-LFP. Abaphandi baphonononga iindlela ezintsha ze-electrolyte kunye neenkqubo zokulawula ibhetri (BMS) ukuxhasa ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza ngelixa uqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwebhetri kunye nobomi obude. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kwizicelo ezifana neenqwelo zombane ezifuna ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza.

Umgca osezantsi

iibhetri LFP zisebe elibalulekileyo kwintsimi yeteknoloji yebhetri ngenxa yokhuseleko lwabo olubalaseleyo, ubomi obude benkonzo kunye nobuhlobo bendalo. Ezi bhetri zisebenzisa i-lithium iron phosphate njengento ye-cathode, inika i-chemistry ezinzile kunye nokuzinza kwe-thermal, okwenza kube yingozi ephantsi kakhulu yokhuseleko phantsi kweemeko zokushisa okanye ukushisa okuphezulu.

Nangona ubuninzi bamandla beebhetri ze-LFP buphantsi, ubomi babo obude kunye neemfuno zokugcinwa okuphantsi zibenza bangabizi kakhulu. Okwangoku, iibhetri ze-LFP zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizithuthi zombane, izixhobo zombane eziphathwayo, iinkqubo zokugcina amandla, kunye nezinye iindawo ezininzi. 

Kwixesha elizayo, ngezinto ezintsha kunye nokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kweteknoloji yokuvelisa, iibhetri ze-LFP kulindeleke ukuba zidlale indima enkulu kwizicelo ezitsha. Okokugqibela, ukuba unomdla wokuthenga ibhetri ye-LFP kwikhaya lakho okanye ishishini, nceda undwendwele oku ikhonkco.