Isikhokelo sakho kuXwebhu lokuThobela iCustoms ye-EU

IManyano yaseYurophu (i-EU) inemarike yangaphakathi yamazwe angamalungu angama-27, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ukungenisa elizweni elinye kuvumela ezo mpahla ukuba zijikeleze ngokukhululekileyo kwamanye amalungu e-EU ngaphandle kokuphinda kuhlolwe irhafu okanye imisebenzi. Ukuququzelela oku, amaxwebhu aphuma kumazwe angaphandle kunye neenkqubo zokukhutshwa zibekwe emgangathweni, kwaye zamkelwe ngawo onke amazwe angamalungu. Ukuthumela kumazwe angaphandle, onke amazwe angamalungu nawo asayine amaxwebhu amiselweyo athunyelwa ngaphandle kunye nenkqubo yosulelo.

Eli nqaku lichaza inkqubo kunye namaxwebhu abalulekileyo oza kuwadinga ukukhawulezisa ukuthunyelwa okanye ukuthumela ngaphandle.

Isiqulatho
Ukungenisa ngaphakathi
Ukuthumela ngaphandle
Amanqaku ashwankathelayo

Ukungenisa ngaphakathi

Isibhengezo sokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kunye nefomu ye-SAD

Uxwebhu olunye lolawulo (i-SAD) luhlobo olusemgangathweni olusetyenziswa kulo lonke iManyano yaseYurophu, kwaye lusetyenziselwa isilumkiso se-elektroniki seCustoms kunye nesibhengezo sayo nayiphi na impahla engenisiweyo okanye ethunyelwa ngaphandle. 

I-SAD isetyenziselwa urhwebo phakathi kwe-EU kunye namazwe angengawo e-EU kunye nokuhamba ngokukhululekileyo kwempahla engeyiyo eye-EU ngaphakathi kwe-EU, kwaye kwiimeko ezithile ezilinganiselweyo zokuhambisa iimpahla ze-EU ngaphakathi kwe-EU.

I-SAD kufuneka igqitywe ngabo banoxanduva oluthe ngqo lokubonisa iimpahla (umrhwebi) kunye nawo onke amanye amaxwebhu afunekayo. Isibhengezo seCustoms sinokungeniswa yiarhente yempahla ephumayo enelayisensi egameni lomrhwebi. Kwiimeko ezininzi oku kungeniswa kunokwenziwa ngekhompyutha, nangona kusetyenziswa ngamaxesha athile kwiinguqulelo zamaphepha.

Ifomu ye-SAD idityaniswa kumazwe ngamazwe, kwaye isetyenziselwa ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kunye nezibhengezo zokungenisa elizweni, kunye nokuhamba ngeendlela ezingekho kwi-EU ukuya kwindawo yokugqibela, okanye indawo yokuphuma, kumazwe angamalungu e-EU.

Ifom ineendawo ezingama-54 zokubhengezwa, kwaye isebenzisa iikhowudi zamanani ezisemgangathweni ukuchaza uhlobo lwempahla, ubungakanani, ilizwe ekusingwa kulo, kunye nezinye ezininzi. Olunye lolona ngeniso lubalulekileyo yikhowudi yempahla yorhwebo evela kwi-EU TARIC/umrhumo wezithethe. 

I-SAD ineekopi ezisibhozo, nganye inomsebenzi owahlukileyo:

1. Igcinwe lilizwe apho iinkqubo zokuthumela ngaphandle ziqhutywa
2. Isetyenziselwa ubalo-manani lilizwe elithumela ngaphandle
3. Ibuyiselwe kumthumeli ngaphandle
4. Igcinwe kwi-ofisi yendawo yayo nayiphi na imisebenzi yokuthutha, okanye isebenza njengoxwebhu lokuhamba lwe-T2L (umzekelo xa udlula phakathi kwamazwe amabini e-EU ngelizwe elingelolungu)
5. Buyisela ikopi yendlela yokuhamba
6. Igcinwe lilizwe apho kugqitywe umgaqo wendawo ekuyiwa kuyo
7. Isetyenziselwa izibalo zelizwe elilungu lendawo
8. Wabuyela kwi Umthunywa

Kunye ne-SAD, amanye amaxwebhu afunekayo ukuze afumane imvume yokungena kwimpahla yendlu ngala:

• i-invoyisi yentengiso 
• Ubume boMsebenzi woQoqosho ogunyazisiweyo kunye nenombolo ye-EORI
• ubungqina bemvelaphi
• Ulwazi olubophelelayo lweRhafu
• Ulwazi Olubophelelayo Lwemvelaphi
• izatifikethi okanye iilayisensi ezifanelekileyo
• I-VAT kunye iirekhodi zokuthumela ngaphandle

Ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela yothutho, amaxwebhu ongezelelweyo anokufuneka kwakhona ukuze afumane imvume:

• Ityala lokhwela, Umoya wendlela wetyala okanye elilinganayo
• I-ATA Carnet (Zonke iiNdlela zoThutho)
• I-TIR Carnet (iNdlela eDityanisiweyo kunye nezinye izithuthi)

Ukuthunyelwa kwamaxwebhu esilumkiso kwangaphambili

Imimiselo ye-EU ifuna ukuba abarhwebi banikeze abasemagunyeni kwi-customs nge-electronic Entry Summary Declaration (ESD) ngaphambi kokufika kokuthunyelwa, kunye neenkcukacha malunga neempahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle okanye ezithunyelwa ngaphandle. 

Le ESD ivumela iziphathamandla zeCustoms ukuba zenze uhlolo lomngcipheko phambi kokufika kanye kweempahla kwizibuko lokungena, kwaye inceda abasemagunyeni ngokhetho lwabo lokuhlola nokuhlola okulandelayo.

I-EORI kunye neenombolo ze-VAT

Yintoni inombolo ye-EORI?

Inombolo ye-EORI “yinombolo yoBhaliso lwabaSebenzi bezoQoqosho kunye nenombolo yeSazisi”, inombolo yokuchongwa eqhelekileyo esetyenziswa kwi-EU iphela kubasebenzi bezoqoqosho kunye namagunya ecustom.

Inombolo ye-EORI inamacandelo amabini:

• ikhowudi yelizwe yeLizwe eliLungu elikhuphayo
• oku kulandelwa yikhowudi ekhethekileyo kwiLizwe leLungu

Amashishini kunye nabantu abanqwenela ukurhweba kunye nakwi-EU iphela kufuneka basebenzise inombolo ye-EORI njengenombolo yesazisi kuzo zonke iinkqubo zesithethe, xa betshintshiselana ngolwazi kunye nolawulo lwempahla.

Nawuphi na umqhubi wezoqoqosho osekwe ngaphakathi kwintsimi ye-EU kufuneka abe nenombolo ye-EORI ngeenjongo zesithethe. Nabaphi na abaqhubi bezoqoqosho abangamiselwanga ngaphakathi kwintsimi yeCustoms ye-EU kufuneka nabo babe ne-EORI, ngenani leemeko ezahlukeneyo:

• ukungenisa isibhengezo sezithethe kummandla wamasiko e-EU
• ukungenisa i-Entry Summary Declaration (ENS)
• ukungenisa isiBhengezo esisiSishwankathelo sokuPhumela (EXS)
• ukungenisa isibhengezo sokugcinwa kwexeshana kwi-Customs Territory ye-EU
• ukusebenza njengomthuthi wothutho ngomoya, elwandle okanye kwindlela yamanzi engaphakathi elizweni
• ukusebenza njengomthwali oqhagamshelwe kwinkqubo yezothutho, kwaye unqwenela ukufumana izaziso zezithethe malunga nokungenisa okanye ukulungiswa kwazo naziphi na izibhengezo zesishwankathelo sokungeniswa.

Ukubaluleka kweNombolo yeVAT

Izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle eziya kwi-EU, nguye nawuphi na umntu okanye ishishini, zixhomekeke kwiRhafu yeXabiso eyoNgezelelweyo (VAT). I-VAT ye-EU isebenza kuwo onke amazwe angamalungu angama-27 kwaye ikwasetyenziswa ekuthuthweni kwempahla kwimida yangaphakathi ye-EU. Ke kwiinkampani ezisebenza kwi-EU iphela, kunokubakho imfuneko yokubhalisa ishishini labo ngenombolo ye-VAT kumazwe angaphezu kwe-EU enye.

Ukuthumela ngaphandle

Isibhengezo sokuthumela ngaphandle kunye nefomu ye-SAD

Iimpahla ezithunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle zisuka kwi-EU kufuneka yenze oko ngokuhambelana nemigaqo ye-EU yokuthumela ngaphandle, enokuthi kwiimeko ezimbalwa ifune iirhafu okanye iintlawulo zokuthumela ngaphandle. Ngokomgaqo, zonke iimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-EU, kungakhathaliseki indawo ekuyiwa kuyo, kufuneka zibe phantsi kolawulo lwamasiko phambi kokulayishwa kweenqanawa. Iinkqubo zokuthumela ngaphandle zifuna ukuphuma kwempahla yoLuntu lwe-EU ukusuka ekuhanjisweni kwamahhala, ukuze isimo sazo sihlaziywe kwiimpahla ezingezizo zoLuntu.

Impahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle kufuneka ifakwe kwisibhengezo, kusetyenziswa uxwebhu olulodwa lolawulo (SAD), olungeniswe ngekhompyutha. ICustoms ithatha uvavanyo lomngcipheko, kwaye imisele indlela eyiyo yempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle, malunga nokuba kufuneka uhlolo olongezelelweyo okanye iziqinisekiso.

Umthumeli-mpahla ngaphandle uthathwa njengomnini wempahla, kunye nomntu ekwenziwa egameni lakhe isibhengezo sokuthumela ngaphandle. Ngoko ke, ngumthengisi onoxanduva lokuthobela yonke imimiselo yamaxwebhu okuthunyelwa ngaphandle.

Amaxwebhu okuthunyelwa kwangaphambili

Imithetho yemanyano ye-EU ifuna ukuba iimpahla zithunyelwe kumazwe angaphandle kwi-EU Customs Ummandla uya kugutyungelwa sisibhengezo saphambi kokuhamba. Ifomu efanayo naleyo isetyenziselwa ukungenisa elizweni, uxwebhu olunye lolawulo (SAD), luya kusetyenziswa ukungenisa isibhengezo sangaphambili ngekhompyutha.

Isibhengezo sokuthumela ngaphandle kufuneka singeniswe kuGunyaziwe weCustoms phakathi kwexesha elithile elimiselweyo phambi kokuba iimpahla zikhutshwe kwi-EU. Isibhengezo saphambi kokuhamba kufuneka sibe ngenye yezi zilandelayo:

• isibhengezo sezithethe

• isibhengezo sokuthumela ngaphandle kwakhona

• Isibhengezo sesishwankathelo sokuphuma

Isibhengezo saphambi kokuhamba kufuneka siquke iinkcukacha ezifunekayo kuhlalutyo lomngcipheko ngeenjongo zokhuseleko nokhuseleko.

Amanqaku ashwankathelayo 

Xa uthunyelwa okanye uphuma kwi-European Union, kubalulekile ukwazi iifom zeCustoms ezifunekayo kunye neenkqubo zombane ezisetyenziswayo. Olunye ubhaliso luya kufuneka lugqitywe kwangaphambili, umzekelo ukuseta i-EORI kunye neenombolo ze-VAT. Iinkqubo ze-elektroniki ze-EU kunye neenkqubo zonke zimiselwe ukukhawulezisa iinkqubo zokuthumela ngenqanawa kubarhwebi nabathumela ngaphandle.

Iinkqubo zokungeniswa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle kunye nokuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle zijongana ngokubanzi, kunye neempahla ezithi zithiwe thaca kwirhafu equkwa sisibhengezo sempahla ephumayo kusetyenziswa i-SAD kunye namaxwebhu axhasayo. Omnye umohluko ophambili ngowokuba iimpahla ezivela ngaphandle ziyacocwa ukuze zihanjiswe simahla ngaphakathi kwe-EU, kwaye ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle iimpahla zichazwa ngokutsha njengezinto ezingezizo ezoluntu, okt azinakukwazi ukujikeleza simahla kumazwe angamalungu e-EU.

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