IsiKhokelo sakho sokugqibela seMPPT kuLawulo lweTyala yeSolar ngo-2024

Izilawuli zelanga zisebenza njengengqondo ngaphakathi kwisixokelelwano selanga, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iibhetri zihlawuliswa ngeyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo nesebenzayo. Kulo mmandla, abalawuli belanga abasebenzisa itekhnoloji yokulandelela amandla aphezulu (MPPT) ziimveliso ezibalaseleyo. 

Bahlengahlengisa ngobuchule i-current kunye ne-voltage phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zemozulu, ukukhupha umthamo omkhulu wamandla kwiipaneli zelanga. Oku kuthetha ukuba ungafumana amandla amaninzi kwaye wandise ubomi bebhetri, nokuba kuseshushu ehlotyeni okanye ngeentsuku zasebusika ezinetha. 

Eli nqaku liza kunika inkcazo emfutshane yeMPPT abalawuli belanga kunye neenzuzo zabo eziphambili, kunye nokuthelekisa nezinye ezidumileyo. abalawuli bentlawulo yelanga ekhoyo kwimarike namhlanje.

Isiqulatho
Yintoni umlawuli welanga?
Ulwazi oluthe vetshe malunga nezilawuli zelanga zeMPPT
MPPT vs. PWM izilawuli zelanga
Ukuvala

Yintoni umlawuli welanga?

Izilawuli zentlawulo yelanga idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zePV zelanga. Indima yabo ephambili kukulawula inkqubo yokutshaja ibhetri kwipaneli yelanga, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ibhetri isebenza phantsi kweemeko ezikhuselekileyo kwaye igweme ukugqithisa okanye ukukhupha ngaphezulu, ngaloo ndlela yandisa ixesha lokuphila kwebhetri. 

Ukongeza, i umlawuli wecala kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kwenkqubo, ukwandisa amandla aqokelelwa ngamapaneli elanga ngokuqinisekisa ukuba iibhetri zihlawuliswa kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo. Xa kuziwa ekukhuselweni kwebhetri kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, abalawuli bentlawulo yelanga bayisitshixo sokubonelela ngokuzinzile, okuthembekileyo kombane welanga.

I-MPPT (ubuninzi bokulandelela indawo yamandla) abalawuli bentlawulo yelanga, njengobuchwephesha obuphambili, banikezela ngenzuzo ebalulekileyo yokusebenza kwenkqubo ngaphezu kwabalawuli be-PWM bendabuko (i-pulse width modulation). 

Ngokulandelela indawo ephezulu yamandla epaneli yelanga ngexesha langempela, abalawuli bentlawulo ye-MPPT bayakwazi ukulungelelanisa ukuguqulwa kokuguqulwa kwamandla ombane phantsi kokukhanya okuhlukeneyo kunye neemeko zokushisa, ngakumbi phantsi kweemeko zokukhanya ezingazinzanga okanye ezibuthathaka, kwaye oku kuvumela ukuba babambe kwaye basebenzise amandla elanga ngokufanelekileyo. 

Oku akuphuculi nje ukuphumelela kokuvuna amandla, kodwa kuthetha ukuba inkqubo inokuvelisa amandla amaninzi ngegalelo elifanayo lelanga. Ngoko ke, abalawuli be-MPPT badlala indima ephambili ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuguquguquka kweenkqubo zelanga kwaye ziyingxenye ebalulekileyo yeenkqubo zelanga zanamhlanje.

Ulwazi oluthe vetshe malunga nezilawuli zelanga zeMPPT

Umgaqo wokusebenza

MPPT abalawuli bentlawulo yelanga basebenza ngesiseko senjongo enye engundoqo: ukuqinisekisa ukuba iipaneli zelanga zihlala zisebenza kwindawo yazo yamandla aphezulu (MPP) ukunyusa ukuqokelela amandla. Oku kulandelayo yinkcazo eneenkcukacha yalo mgaqo:

Ukumiselwa kweendawo eziphezulu zamandla:

Iphaneli nganye yelanga ineyona ndawo iphezulu yamandla, eyona ndawo inokuvelisa awona mandla awona mandla ngokudityaniswa kombane kunye nangoku. Eli nqaku liyahluka ngokukhanya kokukhanya kunye nobushushu.

The MPPT isilawuli simisela indawo enkulu yangoku yamandla ngokubeka iliso kwimveliso yepaneli yelanga kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo ngexesha langempela.

Ukulandelwa okuguquguqukayo kunye nohlengahlengiso:

The MPPT umlawuli usebenzisa i-algorithm ukulandelela ngokuguquguqukayo le ngongoma kwaye ngokuqhubekayo ulungelelanisa imeko yokusebenza yepaneli yelanga ukugcina ukusebenza kwindawo ephezulu yamandla. Ilungisa i-impedance yomthwalo wepaneli ukuze ihambelane ne-voltage kunye neemeko zangoku kwindawo ephezulu yamandla.

Ukuphucula ukusebenza koguqulo lwamandla:

Emva kokuba indawo efanelekileyo yokusebenza inqunywe, abalawuli belanga bahlengahlengisa imveliso yeepaneli ukubonelela i-voltage kunye neyona nto ifanelekileyo ngokufanelekileyo ukutshaja ibhetri okanye ukunika amandla kumthwalo.

Ukuziqhelanisa nolawulo olukrelekrele:

abalawuli beMPPT bayakwazi ukuziqhelanisa neemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo, nokuba yimini enamafu, kusasa, ngokuhlwa, okanye xa iqondo lobushushu litshintsha, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iiphaneli zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Abanye abalawuli beMPPT abaphambili bakwanazo neempawu zolawulo olukrelekrele ezinjengokungena kwedatha,

Isishwankathelo, abalawuli beMPPT basebenza ngokubeka iliso kunye nokulungelelanisa ngexesha langempela ukwenzela ukuba iipaneli zelanga zihlala zisebenza kwimeko yazo yokusebenza kakuhle, ngaloo ndlela ukwandisa ukuqokelela amandla okusebenza. 

Le ndlela yohlengahlengiso olukrelekrele kunye noluguquguqukayo luvumela abalawuli beMPPT ukuba banikeze ukusebenza okungcono kunabalawuli bendabuko kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo, okwenza ukuba bafaneleke ngokukodwa kwizicelo zelanga kunye neemeko zokukhanya eziguquguqukayo kunye neemfuno eziphezulu zokusebenza kakuhle.

Iiparamitha zomlawuli kunye nokulungelelanisa inkqubo

Iiparamitha zesixhobo se Umlawuli welanga weMPPT misela ukufaneleka kwayo kuhlobo oluthile kunye nobukhulu benkqubo yelanga. Ngezantsi ezinye zeeparamitha eziphambili kunye nokufaneleka kwazo ekufuneka uziqwalasele:

Uluhlu lwamandla okufaka

Olu luluhlu lwee-voltages ezinokuthi ipaneli yelanga ivelise kwindawo ephezulu yamandla. Abalawuli abahlukeneyo beMPPT bayilwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zombane.

Kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuba umbane webhetri owenziwe yipaneli yelanga ekukhanyeni okuphezulu awugqithisi umbane ophezulu wegalelo lomlawuli weMPPT. Kwiinkqubo zamandla ombane aphezulu (umz. iiphaneli ezininzi eziqhagamshelwe kuthotho), kuyafuneka ukuba ukhethe isilawuli seMPPT esinoluhlu oluphezulu lwamandla ombane.

Ubuninzi begalelo langoku

Lo ngowona mkhulu wangoku umlawuli angakwazi ukuwuphatha. Inqunyelwe yi-elektroniki yangaphakathi. Umlawuli weMPPT okhethiweyo kufuneka akwazi ukuphatha ubuninzi bangoku owenziwe ngamapaneli elanga phantsi kweemeko zokukhanya.

Amandla amakhulu okuphuma

La mandla aphezulu anokubonelela ngawo umlawuli kwibhetri okanye umthwalo. Amandla emveliso aphezulu omlawuli kufuneka ahambelane nebhetri yenkqubo kunye neemfuno zomthwalo. Umzekelo, iisistim ezinkulu okanye izicelo ezineemfuno eziphezulu zamandla ziya kufuna umlawuli weMPPT wamandla aphezulu.

Ukuhambelana kohlobo lwebhetri etshajwayo kwakhona

Abalawuli beMPPT abahlukeneyo banokuthi benzelwe ukusebenza kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeebhetri, ezifana ne-lead-acid, i-lithium-ion, i-nickel-cadmium, njalo njalo. Kubalulekile ukukhetha umlawuli weMPPT ohambelana nohlobo oluthile lwebhetri ukuqinisekisa ukutshaja ngokufanelekileyo nangokufanelekileyo.

Ukusebenza kakuhle

Oku kubhekiselele ekusebenzeni kakuhle apho isilawuli siguqula amandla asuka kwiphaneli yelanga abe ngamandla okutshaja ebhetri. Abalawuli beMPPT abanobuchule obuphezulu benza ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwamandla elanga, ngakumbi kwiimeko apho iimeko zokukhanyisa zingazinzanga okanye apho ukuvunwa kwamandla kufuneka kwandiswe.

Umzekelo omfutshane: Umlawuli weMPPT ukhetho lweNkqubo yokuHlala yeSolar

Iphaneli yeSola: Iiphaneli zelanga ezininzi ze-monocrystalline ezidityaniswe kuthotho kunye nombane opheleleyo ojikeleze i-100V.

Uhlobo Lwebhetri: 12V okanye 24V lead-asidi ibhetri.

Uluhlu lwamandla ombane: kufuneka ikwazi ukuphatha ubuncinci i-100V okanye amandla ombane aphezulu.

Elona galelo liphezulu langoku: Ukucinga ukuba iphaneli nganye ivelisa i-5A yangoku phantsi kokukhanya kwe-peak, umlawuli onokubamba ubuncinane i-20A yangoku ukuba kukho iipaneli ze-4 ezifunekayo.

Amandla amakhulu okuphuma: Ukukwazi ukukhawulelana neemfuno zokutshaja ze-12V okanye i-24V inkqubo yebhetri, umz. 500W okanye ngaphezulu.

Ukuhambelana kwebhetri: Kufuneka ihambelane neempawu zokutshaja iibhetri ze-lead-asidi.

MPPT vs. PWM izilawuli zelanga

MPPT kunye nesiko PWM zezona teknoloji zimbini ziphambili zabalawuli bentlawulo yelanga. Zihluke kakhulu ngokubhekiselele kumgaqo wokusebenza, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye neendleko, kwaye nganye ineenzuzo zayo. Oku kulandelayo luhlalutyo lweenzuzo zabalawuli beMPPT ngaphezu kwabalawuli be-PWM:

Ukusebenza kokuguqulwa kwamandla

MPPT: Abalawuli beMPPT basebenza kwindawo ephezulu yamandla epaneli yelanga, ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa kwamandla. Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo, abalawuli beMPPT banokufikelela kwi-90% ukuya kwi-95% nangaphezulu.

I-PWM: Abalawuli bePWM ngokwesiqhelo azisebenzi kangako kuba zihlengahlengisa kuphela amandla ombane wokutshaja ibhetri kwaye aziqinisekisi ukuba indawo yolawulo isebenza kwindawo yayo ephezulu yamandla. Ubuchule buqala malunga nama-75% ukuya kuma-80%.

Ukuziqhelanisa nokukhanya kwelanga

MPPT: Kwimeko-bume eneemeko zokukhanya eziguquguqukayo kakhulu (umzekelo, kusasa, ngokuhlwa, okanye imozulu enamafu), umlawuli weMPPT wenza ukusetyenziswa ngobuchule kokukhanya okukhoyo. Ihlala iqhelana nokutshintsha iimeko zokukhanya ngokulungelelanisa i-voltage yegalelo ukukhupha amandla amaninzi anokwenzeka.

PWM: Ngokuthelekisa, abalawuli be-PWM abenzi kakuhle njengabalawuli beMPPT xa iimeko zokukhanya zitshintsha. Ngokuqhelekileyo zisebenza kakuhle ngakumbi ngamaxesha athile emini (umz. emini emaqanda) kodwa ziphulukane nokusebenza xa ukukhanya kuphantsi.

Ukuhambelana kwenkqubo kunye nokuguquguquka

MPPT: Ngenxa yokuba abalawuli beMPPT banokusebenza kuluhlu olubanzi lwamandla ombane, ivumela iipaneli ezininzi zelanga ukuba ziqhagamshelwe kuthotho ukuvelisa amandla ombane aphezulu. Oku kwenza abalawuli beMPPT babe bhetyebhetye kwaye basebenze kwiinkqubo ezinkulu zelanga okanye ezikhawulezayo.

I-PWM: Abalawuli bePWM zifanelene ngcono kwiisistim ezincinci kwaye zifuna amandla ombane wephaneli ukuba abe kufutshane naleyo yebhetri, ukunciphisa ubhetyebhetye lolungelelwaniso lwephaneli.

Ukusebenza kweendleko

MPPT: Ngelixa abalawuli beMPPT baneendleko zokuqala eziphezulu kunabalawuli be-PWM, iinzuzo zabo zexesha elide ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni okuphezulu kunye nokuvuna amandla angcono ngokuqhelekileyo kwenza iindleko eziphezulu.

PWM: Iindleko eziphantsi kakhulu zabalawuli be-PWM zibenza bafanelekele iinkqubo ezincinci ezinohlahlo lwabiwo-mali olulinganiselweyo okanye iimfuno ezithobekileyo zokusebenza kakuhle.

Ngokubanzi, abalawuli be-MPPT bagqithisa abalawuli be-PWM ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni kakuhle, ukulungelelaniswa kwemeko yokukhanya, kunye nokuhambelana kwenkqubo, kwaye bafaneleke ngokukodwa kwiinkqubo ezinkulu zelanga okanye abo baneemfuno eziphezulu zokusebenza. Nangona kubiza kakhulu, iinzuzo zexesha elide kunye nokuphuculwa komsebenzi ezibonelelwa ngabalawuli beMPPT zihlala zenza utyalo-mali lube nexabiso.

Iziganeko zesicelo

Izilawuli zentlawulo yelanga ye-MPPT zisetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lweemeko zesicelo, ngakumbi kwezo ndawo zineemfuno eziphezulu zokusebenza kwamandla kunye nokusebenza:

Amaziko amakhulu ombane welanga: Kwizityalo ze-solar zebakala zorhwebo kunye nezoshishino, abalawuli be-MPPT bakhulisa ukukhutshwa kwamandla kwipaneli nganye yelanga, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo kunye nokuphuma kwamandla.

Iinkqubo zokuhlala zelanga: Kwiinkqubo zamandla elanga eluphahleni, abalawuli beMPPT banokuphucula ukusebenza phantsi kweemeko zemozulu ezahlukeneyo, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinokwahluka okukhulu ekukhanyeni kokukhanya.

Iinkqubo zelanga ezingaphandle kwegrid: Ukusetyenziswa kwe-off-grid, njengamakhaya okanye iinkampu kwiindawo ezikude, abalawuli beMPPT banokulawula ngokufanelekileyo ukuguqulwa kwamandla phakathi kweepaneli zelanga kunye neebhetri ukuqinisekisa ukunikezelwa kwamandla okuzinzile.

Ukuvala

The Umlawuli weMPPT bubuchwephesha bokutshaja belanga obusebenza kakhulu obuyilelwe ukwandisa amandla aphuma kwiipaneli zelanga. Ivumelanisa nokukhanya okungafaniyo kunye neemeko zokushisa ngokulungelelanisa indawo yokusebenza yeepaneli ngexesha langempela, ngaloo ndlela ikhulisa amandla okuvuna amandla elanga lonke. 

Abalawuli beMPPT bafaneleke ngokukodwa kwiindawo ezineenguqu ezinkulu ekukhanyeni kunye neenkqubo ezinkulu zelanga. Nangona ixabiso lokuqala liphezulu, ukuguqulwa kwamandla okusebenza kakuhle okunikezelayo kunokuzisa inzuzo yezoqoqosho ixesha elide, okwenza kube yinto efanelekileyo yokuphucula ukusebenza kweenkqubo zelanga.

Okokugqibela, ukuba unomdla wokuthenga isilawuli sentlawulo yelanga ukwenzela ukusetyenziswa kwekhaya okanye ishishini, ungandwendwela Chovm.com ukuhlola uluhlu lwemveliso.