Izinhlobo Eziyi-12 Ezivame Kakhulu Zemishini Yokushisela Ngo-2023

Okuqukethwe
Uyini umshini wokushisela?
Yiziphi izinhlobo ezingu-12 ezivame kakhulu zokushisela?
Izinto okufanele uzicabangele
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Uyini umshini wokushisela?

Umshini wokushisela iyithuluzi lamandla ochwepheshe elinikeza amandla nokunyakaza ukujoyina izingxenye ezimbili noma ngaphezulu. Yenziwe ngezinsimbi noma i-thermoplastics futhi ihlanganisa isistimu yokulawula ukuhamba kocingo nethoshi.

Uzothola izinhlobo eziningi ze-welder zokwenziwa kwensimbi emakethe, okungenza kube nzima ukukhetha umshini wokushisela ofanelekayo webhizinisi lakho. Kulesi sihloko, sixoxa ngezinhlobo eziyi-12 ezivame kakhulu zokushisela.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ezingu-12 ezivame kakhulu zokushisela?

I-laser welder

Ama-laser welder ayizinhlelo zokushisela ezihlakaniphile ezihlanganisa izingxenye zensimbi zisebenzisa i-laser beam. Lolu hlobo lwe-welder lusebenzisa ukushisa okuphezulu kwe-laser beam ukuze kuncibilike insimbi bese kwakheka idamu elincibilikisiwe elingase lisetshenziselwe ukushisela. Umumo oshiselayo ofinyeleleka nge-laser welder uhlanganisa amaphuzu, imigqa, imibuthano, izikwele, nanoma yimuphi umdwebo owenziwe kusetshenziswa isofthiwe ye-AutoCAD.

Ama-laser welder asebenzisa i-laser beam njengomthombo wokushisa. Ngokwenza kanjalo, lezi zinhlobo zokushisela zinomsebenzi wokukhanda ongafaka, uvale, futhi ugcwalise noma yimuphi umonakalo odalwe ukuguga, ukuklwebheka, izimbobo, imifantu, ukukhubazeka nokukhubazeka, nanoma yiziphi ezinye isikhunta sensimbi kanye nokukhubazeka kwezingxenye. Bangakwazi futhi ukunciphisa ubulukhuni kanye nemigodi yesihlabathi. Lawa mashisela e-laser angenza ukushisela okunembile ngisho nasezintweni ezinodonga oluncane oluncane kanye nezingxenye, enze indawo, izinqe, umthungo, kanye nokufaka uphawu.

Umshini wokushisela we-laser uwuhlobo olusha lwethuluzi lokushisela elisebenza ngesivinini esikhulu ngokunemba kokubeka okuphezulu endaweni encane ethinteke ukushisa, konke ngenkathi kwakhiwa umthungo we-welding obushelelezi. Ama-laser welder aphathekayo kalula ayatholakala njengezibhamu zokushisela eziphathwayo. Ukwengeza, uma zibhangqwe nesilawuli se-CNC, lezi zibhamu ze-laser welder zizokwakhiwa njengama-laser welder okuzenzakalelayo asetshenziselwa ukuqedela imisebenzi yokushisela ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu. Ngokungeza ingalo yerobhothi, amarobhothi we-laser welding nawo azodalelwa amaphrojekthi nezinhlelo zokushisela ze-2D/3D.

Ngezansi ezinye izithombe zama-laser welder ezishiwo:

I-Plasma Welder

Ama-welder e-Plasma awuhlobo lomshini wokushisela ochwepheshe kodwa okulula ukuwusebenzisa. Lawa mashisela angasebenzisa i-arc edlulisiwe phakathi kwe-electrode ye-tungsten nengxenye yensimbi, noma angasebenzisa i-arc engadluliswanga phakathi kwe-electrode ye-tungsten nombhobho. Lawa mashisela asebenzisa igesi ye-plasma efuthwe ethoshi lokushisela njengohlobo lokuvikela futhi angezelele igesi eliyisivikelo elizungezile.

I-Plasma welding isebenzisa i-plasma arc njengomthombo wokushisa. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yomphumela okhethekile wokucindezela we-plasma arc torch, oguqula i-tungsten arc evamile ibe i-plasma arc enamandla amakhulu, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, nokuzinza okuphezulu kwe-arc. Uma le plasma arc isetshenziswa njengomthombo wokushisa, ibonisa amandla okungena aqinile nesivinini esikhulu. Ukusebenzisa lolu hlobo lwe-welder kuvumela uhlelo olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza, njengoba indawo ethintekile ukushisa incane futhi ububanzi obuguquguqukayo be-welding current bukhulu.

I-Plasma arc welding isetshenziselwa ukwakha ipayipi elishiselwe, ukwenza usayizi omncane welding ezingxenyeni zamapuleti amancane kanye nemishini, kanye nezimpande zepayipi lokushisela kanye nepayipi elinezindonga ezincane. Iphinde ibe nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ngaphakathi kwe-electron beam welding, kuyilapho inikeza inzuzo yezindleko zemishini ephansi kakhulu.

TIG welder

Abashiseli be-TIG bawuhlobo lwethuluzi lokushisela eliphathwayo elamukela indlela yokuqalisa i-arc yokwehla kwamandla kagesi aphezulu yokushisela. I-TIG welding ibhekisela ekushiseleleni kwe-tungsten inert yegesi evikelwe i-arc, esebenzisa i-tungsten yezimboni noma i-tungsten esebenzayo njengama-electrode angancibiliki kanye negesi engasebenzi (argon) njengesivikelo. I-TIG yokushisela ifanele izinsimbi ezingezona ayoni nezinsimbi ze-alloy ezifakwa i-oxidized kalula (i-Al, Mg, Ti nama-alloys azo, nensimbi engagqwali). Lolu hlobo lwe-welder lufaneleka ukushisela ohlangothini olulodwa kanye nokwakheka okuhlangene kabili, okufana ne-bottom kanye ne-pipe welding. Ibuye ifanele ukushisela insimbi yeshidi elincane.

Ubuchwepheshe bokushisela be-TIG busekelwe kumgomo we-arc welding evamile, usebenzisa i-argon gas ukuvikela izinto zensimbi. Lapha, amandla aphezulu ancibilikisa i-substrate ukuze ishiselwe ibe yisimo se-liquid, ngaleyo ndlela idale ichibi elincibilikisiwe lokuhlanganisa insimbi ezoshiselwa ngento. Le ndlela yokushisela ifinyelela inhlanganisela ye-metallurgical yezinto. Ukwengeza, ngenxa yokuhlinzekwa okuqhubekayo kwegesi ye-argon ngesikhathi se-welding ye-fusion ye-high-temperature, impahla yokushisela ayikaze ihlangane nomoya-mpilo osemoyeni, ngaleyo ndlela ivimbele i-oxidation.

I-MIG welder

Ama-MIG welders ayimishini yokushisela i-arc enesivinini esikhulu esebenzisa i-electrode encibilikayo kanye negesi yangaphandle njenge-arc medium. Lawa mashisela avikela i-weld pool kumaconsi ensimbi akha ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu endaweni ethintekile ekushiseni (HAZ).

I-MIG isifinyezo sesiNgisi se-Metal Inert Gas. Indlela yokushisela ye-arc evikelwe (Ar noma He) ene-arc evikelekile yaziwa ngokuthi i-molten electrode inert gas shielded welding, noma i-MIG welding kafushane.

Kule ndlela yokushisela, i-electrode ye-tungsten esibani ithathelwa indawo ngocingo, kanti ezinye zihlala zifana nendlela ye-TIG yokushisela. Ngenxa yalokhu kumisa, ekushiseleni kwe-MIG ucingo luncibilikiswa yi-arc bese lufakwa endaweni yokushisela. Amarola ashayelwa ngogesi abe esephakela izintambo kusukela ku-spool kuya ethoshi, njengoba kudingeka ekushiseleni. Njengokushisela kwe-TIG, umthombo wokushisa uyi-DC arc, nokho, i-polarity ihlehlisiwe kuleyo esetshenziswa ekushiseleni kwe-TIG. Igesi yokuvikela esetshenzisiwe nayo ihlukile. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza kwe-arc kule ndlela yokushisela, i-oxygen engu-1% kufanele yengezwe ku-argon.

Ukushisela kwe-MIG, njengokushisela kwe-TIG, kungashisela cishe zonke izinhlobo zensimbi, nokho, lolu hlobo lokushisela lufaneleka ngokukhethekile ama-alloys e-aluminium ne-aluminium, ama-alloys ethusi nawethusi, nensimbi engagqwali. Kulawa mashisela, cishe akukho oxidation noma ukulahlekelwa okuvuthayo, futhi inani elincane kuphela lokulahleka kokuhwamuka. Inqubo ye-metallurgical nayo ilula.

AC welder

Abashiseli be-AC basebenzisa i-alternating current nge-transformer ekhethekile eyehlayo etholakala ngaphakathi komshini, bese ikhipha amandla kagesi aphansi kanye namandla kagesi aphezulu ukushisela. Amashisela wezinti ze-AC (okunye esikhundleni sokushisela izinti zamanje) anezinzuzo zesakhiwo esilula, ukunakekelwa okulula, futhi akukho ukuchezuka kukazibuthe ngesikhathi sokushisela. Le mishini yokushisela enamandla amakhulu ayiwasebenzisi neze ama-electrode angu-506 uma isebenzisa ama-electrode avamile, ama-electrode ensimbi engagqwali, nama-electrode ensimbi. Amashisela e-AC angasetshenziswa ukushisela inqwaba yezinsimbi eziyisisekelo, ahluleke kuphela ukushisela izinto ezithile ezikhethekile, njengegolide, isiliva, ithusi, nethini.

DC welder

Abashiseli be-DC basebenza ngokuguqula imanje eshintshanayo ibe yamanje eqondile ngesiguquli sokulungisa kabusha. Amashisela enduku ye-DC (ama-stick stick welder aqondile) anezinzuzo zokuba mancane ngosayizi kanye nesisindo esincane. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kwemvelo yabo ehlangene, ukwakheka kwalawa ma-welders ayinkimbinkimbi, okwenza ukugcinwa kube nzima.

Amashisela e-DC stick enza imisebenzi efanayo namashisela e-AC stick, kodwa asebenza kangcono. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-welder we-DC stick angashisela izinto ezikhethekile nama-electrode akhethekile. Kuyaqondakala-ke ukuthi amashisela e-DC stick asetshenziswa kakhulu kunama-AC stick welder.

Umshini wokushisela onesivikelo segesi CO2

Imishini yokushisela evikelwe ngegesi ye-Carbon dioxide, evame ukwaziwa ngokuthi amashisela e-CO2, ahlanganisa uhlelo oluthuthukisiwe lokushisela olusebenzisa igesi ye-carbon dioxide ekhishwa emlonyeni njengegesi evikelayo ukuze ihlukanise umoya futhi ivikele ichibi elincibilikile. Lawa ma-welders asebenziseka kalula futhi afanele ukushisela okuzenzakalelayo kanye ne-omnidirectional welding. Lawa ma-welders afanele ukusetshenziswa kwangaphakathi, noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukunaka indawo yokusebenza nokuvikelwa kwegesi.

I-voltage yokufaka yomshini wokushisela ovikelwe igesi we-CO2 enamandla aphansi ngokuvamile ingu-220V AC, kuyilapho umshini wokushisela ovikelwe ngegesi we-CO2 onamandla amakhulu usebenzisa amandla angu-380V AC. I-voltage ephumayo ngokuvamile ingu-12 - 36V. Lolu hlobo lokushisela lusetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi insimbi enekhabhoni ephansi, insimbi eqinile enengxubevange ephansi, nepuleti elincanyana kanye neshidi lensimbi eliwugqinsi olumaphakathi. Ibuye isetshenziswe ngokujwayelekile emikhiqizweni ephezulu.

Umshiseli wezinqe

Ama-welders e-Butt awuhlobo lomshini wokushisela ukumelana. Lawa mashisela asebenzisa ukushisa okumelana nenani elikhulu lamandla okuguqula epulasitiki endaweni yokushisela ngokwayo ukuze ahlanganise ama-athomu ensimbi amabili ahlukene enqwabeni ngokwakhiwa kwamabhondi ensimbi. Ngale ndlela, abashiseli bezinqe bakhiqiza okusanhlamvu okungaphezulu ukuze bathole amalunga e-solder, ama-welds, noma amalunga ezinqe. Lawa mashisela anikeza indlela yokuxhuma ezinzile, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuphezulu, kanye nokutholwa kalula kwemishini nokuzenzakalela.

Imishini yokushisela izinqe isebenzisa ukumelana phakathi kwezindawo zokuthintana zezingxenye ezimbili ukuze ikhiqize amandla kagesi aphansi kanye namandla amakhulu ukuze ishise, incibilike futhi ihlanganise izindawo ezixhumene nezinsimbi ezimbili ezihlangene ngezinqe. Ngokwezindlela ezihlukene, imishini yokushisela izinqe ingahlukaniswa nge-flash butt, izinqe zensimbi, nemishini yokushisela izinqe zethusi.

Ukushisela izinqe kungahlanganisa amashidi ensimbi ahlukahlukene, amapayipi, imigoqo, amaphrofayili, izingxenye eziqinile, nemibese ndawonye, ​​kanye nokushisela izinsimbi ezingezona ayoni nama-alloys njengensimbi ephansi ye-carbon, insimbi ephezulu ye-carbon, i-alloy steel, nensimbi engagqwali. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ezimotweni, emkhathini, ezintweni zikagesi, nasezimpahleni zasendlini.

I-flash butt welder

Umshini wokushisela we-flash butt wumshini wokushisela izinqe osetshenziselwa ukuxhumana okude kwamabha ensimbi anemigoqo yensimbi ene-prestressed kanye nama-screw end rods. Umgomo we-flash butt welding steel bars ukusebenzisa imishini yokushisela izinqe ukuxhuma izinsimbi zensimbi kuzo zombili iziphetho. Ukwakha ilunga elishiselwe izinqe usebenzisa le ndlela, i-low-voltage enamandla isetshenziswa ukushisisa izinsimbi zensimbi kuze kube yilapho zithamba, ngemva kwalokho ukucindezela kwe-axial pressure kwenziwa.

I-flash butt welding ingahlukaniswa ibe i-flash butt welding eqhubekayo futhi eshisa ngaphambili: I-flash butt welding eqhubekayo iqukethe isigaba se-flash kanye nesiteji esicasulayo, kuyilapho i-preheat flash butt welding ingeza isiteji sokushisa ngaphambi kwesiteji se-flash.

Isigaba se-flash sokushisela izinqe sisebenzisa ukushisa okukhiqizwa ukumelana nokuxhumana ukuze kushise ingxenye yensimbi. Ngale ndlela, ingaphezulu lensimbi liyancibilika, izinga lokushisa likhulu, futhi indawo ethintekile ukushisa incane kakhulu. Nge-flash butt welding, i-weld yakheka lapho ukuguqulwa kwepulasitiki komlingani wensimbi yesigaba esiqinile kwenza okusanhlamvu okuvamile. Isakhiwo se-weld kanye nokubunjwa kuseduze nesisekelo sensimbi (noma ngemva kokwelashwa kokushisa), futhi kulula ukuthola amalunga alinganayo-amandla alinganayo futhi alinganayo-epulasitiki. Inqubo ekhanyayo inomsebenzi wokuzivikela wokuqeda umoya ukuze unciphise i-oxidation yensimbi.

Ukusebenzisa isiteji sokubumba esiphazamisekile ekushiseleleni izinqenqema ze-flash kungakhipha ama-oxide ensimbi ewuketshezi futhi aphume endaweni yokushisela. Ukufakwa kwe-weld, ukungena okungaphelele, nezinye iziphambeko ziba ncane kakhulu uma usebenzisa le ndlela. Ukwengeza, ngalesi sigaba inqubo ekhanyayo ithatha umsebenzi oqinile wokuzilungisa, onezidingo eziphansi zokulondoloza ngokuqinile ukucaciswa nokuvumelana, futhi ikhwalithi yokushisela izinzile. Imfuneko yamandla kagesi ngeyunithi ngayinye yokushisela endaweni ngayinye ephambanayo incane, kuyilapho kuphela (0.1-0.3) amandla kagesi e-KVA/mm2 adingekayo ngensimbi ye-carbon steel.

Spot welder

Ama-Spot welder awuhlobo lomshini wokushisela ohlanganisa i-weldment ibe ama-lap joints bese uwacindezela phakathi kwama-electrode amabili angama-cylindrical. Lawa mashisela abe esesebenzisa ukushisa kokumelana ukuze ancibilikise isisekelo sensimbi sibe isihlanganisi se-solder.

Umshini wokushisela amabala usebenzisa i-arc enezinga lokushisa eliphezulu ekhiqizwa lapho izigxobo eziphozithivu nezinegethivu zineziyingi ezimfushane. Isebenzisa lokhu kushisa ukuze incibilikise into ezoshiselwa phakathi kwama-electrode futhi kanjalo ihlanganise izinto ndawonye. Ingxenye eyinhloko yemishini yokushisela kagesi endaweni yokushisela i-transformer eyehlayo. Lapha, iziphetho ezimbili zekhoyili yesibili ingxenye yensimbi eshiselwe kanye nenduku yokushisela. I-arc ivutha lapho isebenza, futhi uma ifinyelela izinga lokushisa eliphezulu induku ihlanganiswa esikhaleni sengxenye yensimbi.

Imishini yokushisela amabala isetshenziselwa ukulungisa ubucwebe begolide nesiliva, amabhamuza okushisela amabala, ukulungisa imithungo, kanye nezingxenye zokunamathisela. Angaphinde asetshenziselwe amabhamuza okugcwalisa amanga kanye nezingxenye ezinembayo ezincane njengemikhombandlela yesekethe edidiyelwe, imichilo ye-nickel yebhethri, amashubhu ezithombe, ukuhlanganiswa kwesibhamu se-electron, kanye nezinwele zokubuka. Indawo ethinteke ekushiseni lapho kushiselwa ngomshini wokushisela indawo incane futhi ubukhulu bendawo ye-nickel bungalungiswa kalula. Amajoyinti e-solder alungile, ayisicaba, futhi abushelelezi, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokwelashwa okweqile kwe-post-weld, futhi angabekwa ngokunembile.

Ama-spot welders ayashesha, ahlinzeka ngokushisela kwekhwalithi ephezulu, futhi amalunga e-solder awangcolisi futhi ayasebenza. Lolu hlobo lokushisela lufanele izinsimbi ezihlukahlukene njengegolide, isiliva, iplatinamu, insimbi engagqwali, ne-titanium nama-alloys ayo.

Induku yokushisela (i-arc yensimbi evikelekile)

I-Stick Welding yaziwa nangokuthi i-SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding), okuwuhlobo lwendlela yokushisela i-arc yensimbi esebenzisa ama-electrode asebenzisekayo ane-flux yokushisela ngokuhlanganyela (okwaziwa ngokungakahleleki ngokuthi i-flux shielded arc welding).

I-stick welder isebenza nge-feeder yocingo ukuze inikeze intambo yayo ene-flux-cored kanye nentambo eqinile, ngaleyo ndlela yenza ukuphakela kwentambo kube lula. Intambo ene-flux-cored ihlanganisa i-gas-shielded flux-core wire kanye ne-self-hielded flux-coreed wire. Intambo eqinile yaziwa nangokuthi i- solid metal core wire, elungele ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle.

I-SAW welder (umshini wokushisela we-arc ongaphansi kwamanzi)

Abashiseli be-SAW baziwa nangokuthi imishini yokushisela engaphansi kwamanzi. Lezi ziwuhlobo lomshini wokushisela i-electrode encibilikayo esebenzisa i-granular flux njengendlela yokuzivikela, ene-arc efihliwe ngaphansi kwesendlalelo se-flux. Okokuqala, i-granular flux ifakwe ngokulinganayo kumthungo wokushisela we-weldment. Okulandelayo, ithiphu yokuxhumana kanye ne-weldment ngokulandelanayo ixhunywe ezigabeni ezimbili zomthombo wamandla wokushisela ukukhiqiza i-arc. Ekugcineni, intambo yokushisela ifakwa ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi i-arc iyasuswa ukuze ishiselwe. Amashisela e-arc angaphansi kwamanzi angashisela insimbi yesakhiwo se-carbon, insimbi yesakhiwo sengxubevange ephansi, insimbi engagqwali, insimbi engashisi, ingxubevange esekwe nickel, kanye nengxubevange yethusi.

buhle

Izinzuzo ze-SAW welders zihlanganisa izinga eliphezulu le-weld, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-slag okuhle, nokuvikelwa komoya, nengxenye eyinhloko yendawo ye-arc i-CO2. Kumashisela e-SAW, okuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen nokuqukethwe kwe-oksijini ensimbi ye-weld kuyancipha kakhulu, imingcele yokushisela ilungiswa ngokuzenzakalelayo, ukuhamba kwe-arc kwenziwa ngomshini, ichibi elincibilikisiwe lihlala isikhathi eside, futhi ukusabela kwe-metallurgical kwanele futhi kubonisa ukumelana nomoya onamandla. Konke lokhu kuvumela ukwakheka kwe-weld okuzinzile kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle zemishini. Ukwengeza, i-slag ihlukanisa ukukhanya kwe-arc okuvumela ukusebenza okungcono kokushisela, ukuhamba ngomshini, kanye namandla aphansi okusebenza.

bawo

Ukugcinwa kwe-Flux kusho ukuthi kunemikhawulo ezindaweni zokushisela ezifinyelelekayo uma usebenzisa i-SAW welder (ngaphandle uma kuthathwa izinyathelo ezikhethekile). Ngakho-ke i-arc welding engaphansi kwamanzi isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukushisela i-seam endaweni evundlile naphansi, njengoba ingeke isetshenziselwe ukushisela ovundlile, mpo, noma ngaphezulu. Ukwengeza, ngenxa yemikhawulo yezinto zokushisela zabashiseli be-SAW, akunakwenzeka ukushisela i-aluminium, i-titanium, noma ezinye izinsimbi ezine-oxidizing kanye nama-alloys azo.

Umshini wokushisa wokuvama ophezulu

Imishini yokushisela imvamisa ephezulu ihlukile kwamanye ama-welders, ngoba inikeza imisebenzi eminingi kunokushisela nje. Lawa ma-welders anesivinini sokushisa okusheshayo nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, futhi ayakwazi ukuncibilikisa ngokushesha noma iyiphi into yensimbi.

Ngaphezu kokushisela izinto ezihlukahlukene zensimbi, ama-welders aphezulu angasetshenziselwa i-diathermy, ukuncibilikisa, ukwelashwa kokushisa, nezinye izinqubo. Zifanele ukucisha ukwelashwa kokushisa, ukufakwa kwe-anneal, i-metal diathermy forging, i-extrusion forming, kanye ne-solder welding. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba lawa ma-welders amancane futhi anesisindo esingamakhilogremu ambalwa kuphela awadingi amasilinda e-acetylene noma amasilinda oksijini, okwenza kube lula ukuphatheka futhi asebenze kahle ezindaweni zangaphandle noma ezinokhahlo.

Umshini wokushisela ingcindezi

Imishini yokushisela ingcindezi iwuhlobo lwetafula lokushisela elibalwa ngomshini ontantayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingcindezi ayisebenzi ngokuqondile ku-turntable, yona esiza ukufeza ukuma okunembile kwe-hot pressure welding futhi ibone ukushisela okunembayo. Amashisela okucindezela asebenzisa idivayisi yokubeka endaweni ocingweni oluntantayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lapho kusebenza, ama-welders okucindezela anganqoba noma yikuphi ukuphambuka kwesikhundla okubangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwedivayisi entantayo. Ngale ndlela isifanekiso nekhanda okuboshelwe epuletini elintantayo akusuki uye emuva naphambili, noma kwesokunxele nakwesokudla. Ukwengeza, ingcindezi ethile eqondile isetshenziswa engxenyeni engenhla yommese. Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kwesenzo esihlangene sala mandla amabili, ucingo lwe-aluminium ngaphansi kommese oqhumayo luzongena njalo ekulawuleni isikhathi.

Izimo ezingcono kakhulu kufanele zikhethwe ukuze kutholwe amaphuzu wamandla aphezulu. Lezi zimo zincike ezintweni ezifana namandla okudlidliza kwe-ultrasonic, ingcindezi, nesikhathi sokudlidliza se-ultrasonic. Lezi zici ezintathu kufanele zifaniswe kahle ukuze kulungiswe iphuzu elingcono kakhulu.

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Imishini yokushisela kagesi isebenzisa amandla kagesi, okulula ukuwathola, ukuguqula ugesi ube ukushisa ngokushesha. Lokhu kwenza imishini yokushisela kagesi ibe lula ukuyisebenzisa ezindaweni eziningi. Imishini yokushisela kagesi inezidingo ezimbalwa kakhulu futhi ifaneleka nokusebenza ezindaweni ezomile.

Ngenxa yobukhulu obuncane, ukusebenza okulula, ukusetshenziswa kalula, isivinini esikhulu, ama-seams aqinile, nezinye izinzuzo zale mishini yokushisela, isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi izingxenye ezidinga amandla aphezulu. Ukulandela ukwelashwa kokushisa ngemishini yokushisela kagesi, izinto ezishiselwe zizoba namandla afanayo nesisekelo sensimbi, futhi ukubekwa uphawu kuzoba kuhle kakhulu. Lokhu kuxazulula izinkinga zokuvalwa kanye namandla okukhiqizwa kwegesi yokugcina kanye neziqukathi eziwuketshezi.

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Uma usebenzisa imishini yokushisela kagesi, inkambu ethile kazibuthe izokhiqizwa ezungeze umshini. Lokhu ukukhathazeka njengoba lapho i-arc isha, izokhiqiza imisebe endaweni ezungezile. I-arc ine-infrared, i-ultraviolet, nezinye izinhlobo zokukhanya, kanye nomhwamuko wensimbi, intuthu, nezinye izinto eziyingozi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuzivikela ezanele lapho kusetshenziswa le mishini yokushisela kagesi.

Ukushisela ngalawa mashisela kagesi akufanelekile insimbi ye-carbon ephezulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-crystallization elandelayo, ukuhlukaniswa, kanye ne-oxidation yensimbi ngemva kokushisela kuyosho ukuthi i-carbon steel ephezulu izoba nokusebenza kabi futhi izoqhekeka kalula ngemva kokushisela, okuholela ekuqhekekeni okushisayo nokubandayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, insimbi ye-carbon ephansi inokusebenza okuhle uma ishiselwe nale welder, noma kunjalo, kufanele iphathwe kahle ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela, futhi ukuhlanza ukugqwala kunzima. Kwesinye isikhathi kuzoba neziphambeko ezifana nokufakwa kwe-slag, imifantu, i-stomata, nama-undercuts endaweni yokushisela, kodwa ukusebenza kahle kuzonciphisa ukuvela kwalezi ziphambeko.

Izinto okufanele uzicabangele

Manje njengoba usufundile lesi sihloko, ingabe uzizwa ukhululekile ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zomshini wokushisela? Noma ngabe ungumuntu osaqalayo noma umshiseli ochwepheshe, kufanele wazi ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani i-welder efanele ngaphambi kokuthenga i-welder yakho ku-inthanethi ngokuthunyelwa kwamahhala.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Kuyini ukushisela?

I-Welding yindlela esebenzisa ukushisa ukuze ihlanganise izingcezu zensimbi ezihlukene. Ukushisela kwakha isibopho esihlala njalo nesiqinile phakathi kwezinsimbi ezimbili ngokusakazwa kwama-athomu noma ama-molecule ezinto ezishisela endaweni yokuxhumana yezinsimbi ezimbili. Amalunga akhiwe ngokuxhuma nge-welding abizwa ngokuthi ama-solder joints.

Yini i-solder?

I-Solder iyinsimbi e-fusible enephuzu elincibilikayo eliphansi, amandla aphezulu okusebenza, ukungezwani okuphansi kwendawo, nokumelana ne-oxidation okuqinile. I-solder esetshenziselwa ukunamathisela ngesandla i-tin-lead alloy.

Yini i-flux?

I-Flux iyinto esusa ama-oxides, ama-sulfide, amafutha, nokunye ukungcola endaweni yensimbi futhi ivimbele i-solder ekubeni i-oxidizing ngesikhathi sokushisa. Ibuye ibe nezici zokuthuthukisa umsebenzi wezindawo ze-solder nezensimbi nokwandisa ukumanzisa. I-Flux ngokuvamile isebenzisa i-super rosin njengempahla ye-matrix futhi yengeza isiqalisi, esifana ne-diethylamine hydrochloride.

Iyini imaski ye-solder?

Imaski ye-Solder (i-solder resist) iyi-coat ephikisana nokushisa ephezulu esetshenziselwa ukuvikela izingxenye zebhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe elingadingi i-soldering. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuphikiswa kwe-solder zihlanganisa ukumelana ne-thermal curing solder, ukumelana ne-ultraviolet ukukhanya kwe-solder (photosensitive solder resist), kanye ne-electronic radiation curing solder resist.

Iyini i-solder wire?

I-solder wire iyi-solder esetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa ngesandla. Yenziwe nge-flux ne-solder, ene-flux eqinile efakwe ku-tube ye-solder. Njengoba i-tin ehlukene kanye nezingxenye zokuhola zinezindawo zokuncibilika ezihlukene, kubalulekile ukukhetha izinto ezifanele zocingo lwe-solder. Izintambo ezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu yi-Sn63Pb37 enephuzu lokuncibilika elingu-183°C kanye ne-Sn62Pb36Ag2 enephoyinti lokuncibilika elingu-179°C. I-solder wire i-tubular, enobubanzi obungu-0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 nokunye okucacisiwe. I-solder wire ye-0.5 ne-0.6 ingasetshenziselwa ukushisela izingxenye ezine-perforated.

Yini i-arc spot welding?

I-Arc spot welding iyindlela yokushisela esebenzisa amapuleti amancanyana ahlangene, ukushisela i-TIG/MIG/MAG/CO2, kanye ne-welding current ethile ukuze kwakhiwe inkunuzi engaphezulu futhi ixhume amapuleti angaphezulu naphansi phakathi nesikhathi esimisiwe.

Indlela yokufaka i-weld ekhaya kubantu abaqalayo?

Imishini yokushisela i-arc evamile ayisebenzi ekhaya, njengoba okwamanje okudingekayo ekushiselweni kwe-arc kungaphansi kwamashumi ama-amps futhi abavikeli basekhaya bazogxuma. Ngakho-ke, i-TIG, i-MIG, i-MAG ingafakwa ngaphandle.

I-Resistance welding kanye ne-thermocompression welding mikhulu kakhulu ukuthi isetshenziswe ekhaya, kuyilapho ububi bokusebenzisa igesi ye-oxyacetylene ekhaya ukuthi izinga lokushisa lomlilo lifinyelela ku-3000+. Uma unganakile, umuzi wakho uzoshiswa.

Indlela enokwethenjelwa kakhulu yokushisela ekhaya ukusebenzisa i-brazing, okudinga ukushisa kwe-high-frequency. I-Soft brazing iyindlela efanelekile kakhulu yokubhula. Kodwa-ke, udinga futhi ukucabangela ukuthi yini oyithengisayo, ngoba amandla okubopha insimbi awaphezulu nge-soft brazing.

Ukushisela nge-laser, i-plasma welding, kanye ne-electron beam welding kuyabiza kancane kodwa izinga lakho lokushisela lihle, isivinini sakhona siyashesha, futhi zingasetshenziswa ekhaya.

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