1. Isizinda sentuthuko: imboni eqhutshwa yinqubomgomo yokonga ugesi kanye nentuthuko ephumelelayo
Njengamanje, ngokwezimiso ezihlukene zokusebenza, ama-compressor angahlukaniswa abe izigaba ezimbili: ama-compressor ahambayo amahle nama-compressor ashukumisayo. I-Positive displacement compressor yiwona osetshenziswa kakhulu emakethe, kanti ama-centrifugal compressors asetshenziswa kuphela ezinhlelweni ezinkulu zomoya. Ngokuthuthuka kokusebenza kahle kukagesi ezinsizeni zasendlini kanye nokusheshiswa kwezobuchwepheshe kwezinkampani zezingxenye zasekhaya, isidingo sokonga ugesi oluhlaza siyaqhubeka nokwanda. Ama-compressor angamathuluzi amakhulu okushintshanisa ukushisa esiqandisini, ekushisiseni, ekugcinweni okubandayo, emakhazeni, nakwimikhiqizo yamanzi ashisayo. Ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwazo kwamandla kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwawo wonke amandla ezinto zikagesi zasendlini. Ngakho-ke, iminyango kahulumeni efanele ikhiphe izinqubomgomo zokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yama-compressor.
2. Isimo samanje sentuthuko: isidingo esiqinile semboni kanye nensalela enkulu yohwebo
Ama-compressor ayinhliziyo yezinhlelo zesiqandisi kanye nengxenye ebalulekile yemishini yesiqandisi. Ngokukhula kweholo labantu eminyakeni yamuva nje, isidingo sezinto ezisebenza ngogesi njengeziqandisi kanye ne-air conditioning silokhu sikhula. Isidingo sama-compressor sizokhula futhi. Uma sithatha ama-rotary compressors njengesibonelo, umthamo wokukhiqiza nokudayiswa kwama-rotary compressor e-China ubulokhu ukhuphuka kusukela ngo-2016 kuya ku-2021. Kusukela kudatha yokungenisa nokuthekelisa, inani lokuthekelisa kanye nenani lama-compressor e-China likhulu kakhulu kunevelu yokungenisa kanye nenani. Sekuyisikhathi eside imboni isesimweni sensalela yohwebo.
3. Isimo sebhizinisi: imajini yenzuzo eyisamba yebhizinisi iyancipha kancane kancane, kodwa kunokutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni
Phakathi kuka-2017 no-2021, imajini yenzuzo ephelele ye-Compressor Machinery ye-Hanbell Precision Machinery yayisezingeni eliphansi, lehla lisuka ku-35.04% ngo-2017 laya ku-30.14% ngo-2021. Khonamanjalo, isamba se-Snowman Co., Ltd. 11.63% ngo-2021. Mayelana nokutshalwa kwezimali kocwaningo nentuthuko, zombili lezi zinkampani zibonise ukuthambekela okukhuphukayo kukonke. I-Hanbell Precision Machinery iqinise imizamo yayo yocwaningo nentuthuko, yandisa ububanzi bezinhlelo zokusebenza zobuchwepheshe, futhi emkhakheni wezicindezela komoya, yathuthukisa inqubekelaphambili yocwaningo nentuthuko yama-centrifugal air compressor futhi yethula uchungechunge lwemikhiqizo ehlobene. Esiqandisini nasekugcinweni okubandayo, yethule ama-compressor ezimo ezihlukene zohlelo lokusebenza, amazinga okushisa, neziqandisi, ezihlanganisa uhla olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza zobuchwepheshe. I-Snowman Co., Ltd. igxile emkhakheni oyinhloko wama-compressor, yemba yajula ezidingweni ezintsha nezimo zohlelo lokusebenza, futhi yaqhubeka nokusungula nokucwaninga ngendlela eluhlaza, enekhabhoni ephansi, esebenza kahle kakhulu, kanye nendlela yokonga amandla.
4. Inkambiso yentuthuko: ubuchwepheshe bemboni buyaqhubeka nokuba ngcono, futhi izidingo zobuhlakani nobuchwepheshe bolwazi nazo ziyanda
Ukongiwa kwamandla kanye nokunciphisa ukungcola kuyimisebenzi edingekayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe umnotho waseShayina kuguqukele ekukhuleni okunesivinini esikhulu ukuya ekukhuleni kwezinga eliphezulu futhi kungenye yezindlela ezingenakugwenywa zokuzuza “ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni.” Ngokumelene nalesi sizinda, ukonga kwamandla kagesi kwasekhaya kudinga ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusebenza kahle kwengxenye ehlobene kufanele kuthuthukiswe ngokuqhubekayo. Njengengxenye eyinhloko yezinhlelo zesiqandisi, ama-compressor anomthelela omkhulu ekuphepheni kwalo lonke uhlelo, ukwethembeka, nokusebenza kahle kwamandla. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kwemishini yasendlini, kuyadingeka ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe be-compressor. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwezidingo zobuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile nolwazi, ukuhlanganiswa kobuhlakani bezimboni kanye nobuchwepheshe bolwazi kuyakhula, futhi izidingo zobuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile nolwazi lwemishini ye-compressor nazo ziyanda.
Amagama angukhiye: Ama-Compressors; Ukungenisa kanye nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle; Izindleko zocwaningo nentuthuko; Izitayela zentuthuko
1. Isizinda sentuthuko: imboni eqhutshwa yinqubomgomo yokonga ugesi kanye nentuthuko ephumelelayo
I-compressor ingumshini oshayelwa uketshezi okhuphula igesi enomfutho ophansi iye kwigesi enomfutho omkhulu futhi iyinhliziyo yesistimu yesiqandisi. Imunca igesi epholile enezinga lokushisa eliphansi kanye nengcindezi ephansi ephuma epayipini lokumunca, iyicindezele ngokushayela i-piston ngesithuthuthu sikagesi, futhi ikhiphe igesi ebanda kakhulu nenomfutho ophezulu wefriji epayipini lokukhipha umoya, inikeze amandla omjikelezo wesiqandisi. Njengamanje, ngokwezimiso ezihlukene zokusebenza, ama-compressor angahlukaniswa abe izigaba ezimbili: ama-compressor ahambayo amahle nama-compressor ashukumisayo. I-Positive displacement compressor inciphisa ivolumu ehlala igesi ukuze inyuse umfutho wayo futhi iphinde ihlukaniswe ibe ama-compressor aphindaphindayo kanye nama-rotary. Ama-compressor aphindaphindayo afaka kuphela izinhlobo ze-piston eziphindaphindayo, kuyilapho ama-rotary compressor ahlanganisa i-rotary, scroll, screw, nezinhlobo ze-vane. Olunye uhlobo lwe-compressor enamandla lunyusa isivinini segesi. Bese iguqula amandla e-kinetic abe amandla angaba namandla, aphinde ahlukaniswe abe yi-centrifugal, i-axial flow, nezinhlobo zejethi. Njengamanje, ama-compressor amahle okufuduka asetshenziswa kabanzi emakethe, kanti ama-compressor we-centrifugal kuphela asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezinkulu zomoya phakathi kwama-compressor ashukumisayo.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, isidingo sokonga ugesi oluhlaza siqhubekile nokukhula ngokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle kukagesi ezimpahleni zasendlini kanye nokusheshisa ukuphindaphindwa kwezobuchwepheshe kwezinkampani zezingxenye zasekhaya. Ama-compressor angamathuluzi amakhulu okushintshanisa ukushisa esiqandisini, ekushisiseni, ekugcinweni okubandayo, emakhazeni, nakwimikhiqizo yamanzi ashisayo. Ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwazo kwamandla kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwawo wonke amandla ezinto zikagesi zasendlini. Ngakho-ke, iminyango kahulumeni efanele ikhiphe izinqubomgomo zokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yama-compressor. "I-Motor Energy Efficiency Improvement Plan (2021-2023)" ekhishwe uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi kanye ne-State Administration for Market Regulation ihlongoza ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwamamotho kagesi asezingeni lesibili nangaphezulu kwemishini ejwayelekile efana nama-compressor, ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwesigaba sesibili ukonga amandla futhi ngaphezu kwemvamisa eguquguqukayo kanye nokusebenzisa unomphela izinjini ezidonsa ngamandla kagesi, kukhuthaze ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi asezingeni lesibili futhi ngaphezu kwemvamisa eguquguqukayo kanye nokusetshenziswa unomphela kwezinjini ezidonsa ngamandla kagesi, kukhuthaze ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi asezingeni lesibili. ama-direct-drive unomphela uzibuthe amamotho, futhi athuthukise ngamandla izigubhu zikagesi zikazibuthe wangaphandle kanye nama-compressor angama-screw ahlanganisiwe. Ngo-Okthoba 2021, uMkhandlu Wezwe wakhipha isaziso esithi “Uhlelo Lokusebenza Lokukhishwa Kwekhabhoni Ephakeme ngaphambi kuka-2030, “okuthuthukisa ukonga amandla nokusebenza kahle kwemishini ebalulekile edla ugesi. Kugxilwe ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo ezifana namamotho, amafeni, amaphampu, ama-compressor, ama-transformer, izishintshisi zokushisa, namabhayela ezimboni, namazinga okusebenza kahle kwamandla azothuthukiswa ngokuphelele.
2. Isimo samanje sentuthuko: isidingo esiqinile semboni kanye nensalela enkulu yohwebo
Imishini yasendlini “yingabasebenzisi abakhulu” bokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuhlala. Ngokuya ngezindawo ezithile, zigxile kakhulu eziqandisini, ekupholiseni umoya nakweminye imikhakha. Ama-compressor ayinhliziyo yezinhlelo zesiqandisi futhi abalulekile emishinini yesiqandisi. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, isidingo seziqandisi, isiphephetha-moya, nezinye izinto zikagesi besilokhu sikhula ngokuthuthuka kwamazinga eholo labantu. Ngo-2022, ukukhiqizwa kwefriji yaseChina kwafinyelela kumayunithi ayizigidi ezingu-22.602, ukukhiqizwa kwesiqandisi sasendlini kwafinyelela kumayunithi ayizigidi ezingu-86.644, kanti ukukhiqizwa kwesimo somoya kwafinyelela kumayunithi ayizigidi ezingu-222.473.
Uma ubheka isabelo semakethe sezingxenye ezingaphansi ze-Chinese compressor sub-sectors ngo-2021, ingxenye yama-piston compressor afakwe ngokugcwele nama-rotary compressor adlula ama-99%, asetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ezimeni ezincane zesiqandisi ezifana neziqandisi zasendlini, amafriji, nama-air conditioner. Phakathi kwazo, inani le-piston compressor evalwe ngokugcwele lifinyelele ku-51.41%, futhi ingxenye ye-rotary compressor yafinyelela ku-47.95%.
Sithatha ama-rotary compressor njengesibonelo, ukukhiqizwa nokuthengiswa kwevolumu yama-rotary compressor e-China kusukela ngo-2016 kuya ku-2021 kubonise umkhuba okhuphukayo usuwonke. Ngo-2020, umthamo wokukhiqiza nokuthengisa wama-rotary compressor wehla kancane ngenxa yomthelela walolu bhubhane, wafinyelela ezigidini ezingama-210.411 kanye namayunithi ayizigidi ezingama-211.551, ngokulandelana. Ngo-2021, ngokusimama komnotho kancane kancane, ivolumu yokukhiqiza nokuthengisa yaphindeka kancane kancane, ngomthamo wokukhiqiza wamayunithi ayizigidi ezingama-238.248 kanye nomthamo wokuthengisa wamayunithi ayizigidi ezingama-238.571. Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuJulayi 2022, umthamo wokukhiqiza wama-rotary compressor wawungamayunithi ayizigidi ezingama-234.283, ukwehla konyaka nonyaka ngo-2.5%. Umthamo wokuthengisa wawungamayunithi ayizigidi ezingama-234.946, ukwehla konyaka nonyaka ngo-1.9%. Kungabonakala ukuthi intuthuko yesikhathi esizayo yemboni ye-compressor yaseChina izogcina inkambiso ekhuphukayo.
Ngokusho kwedatha ye-China Customs, inani lokuthekelisa kanye nenani lama-compressor e-China likhulu kakhulu kunevelu yokungenisa kanye nenani. Sekuyisikhathi eside imboni isesimweni sensalela yohwebo. Ngo-2021, ukuthunyelwa kwe-compressor yase-China kwaba amayunithi ayizigidi ezingu-7.87, nenani lokungenisa elingu-2.197 bhiliyoni we-USD, kanti ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwaba amayunithi ayizigidi ezingu-159.83, nenani lokuthekelisa elingu-7.735 billion USD. Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya ku-Okthoba 2022, ukuthengwa kwe-compressor yase-China kwaba amayunithi ayizigidi ezingu-6.04, nenani lokungenisa elingu-1.655 bhiliyoni we-USD, kuyilapho ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kufinyelele kumayunithi ayizigidi ezingu-122.7, nenani lokuthekelisa elingu-6.54 bhiliyoni we-USD.
3. Isimo sebhizinisi: imajini yenzuzo eyisamba yebhizinisi iyancipha kancane kancane, kodwa kunokutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni
Ukugxila kwemboni ye-compressor kuphansi, futhi indawo yokuncintisana ihlakazekile. Njengamanje, amabhizinisi ahamba phambili e-China ahlanganisa i-Hanbell Precision Machinery, i-Snowman Co., Ltd., i-Kaishan Group, i-Baosi Co., Ltd., njalonjalo. Phakathi kwazo, imikhiqizo eyinhloko ye-compressor ye-Hanbell Precision Machinery ihlanganisa i-compressor ye-air conditioning emaphakathi yezohwebo, ama-compressor esiqandisini, ama-compressor wepompo yokushisa, nama-compressor komoya. Imali etholwayo ibilokhu ikhula isuka ku-2017 yaya ku-2021, kanti imali engenayo ngo-2021 yayingama-RMB ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.697, okuwukunyuka ngo-17.45% unyaka nonyaka, okuhlanganisa ama-56.93% emali yonke engenayo. I-Snowman Co., Ltd. inobuchwepheshe be-piston, screw, kanye ne-centrifugal compressor technologies, enochungechunge olucebile lwemikhiqizo ye-compressor nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezimboza uchungechunge olubandayo, isiqandisi sezimboni, ukucutshungulwa kukawoyela negesi, amaphampu okushisa omoya, kanye nemishini yamandla e-hydrogen. Imali engenayo ye-compressor ngo-2021 yayingama-RMB ayizigidi ezingama-818, okuwukunyuka kwama-63.92% unyaka nonyaka, okubalelwa ku-40.72% wesamba semali engenayo.
Mayelana nemajini yenzuzo iyonke ye-compressor Precision Machinery, inzuzo enkulu yenzuzo ye-Hanbell Precision Machinery iphezulu kunaleyo ye-Snowman Co., Ltd. Kusukela ngo-2017 kuya ku-2021, imajini yenzuzo ephelele ye-Compressor Machinery ibilokhu incipha, yehla isuka ku-35.04% yaya ku-2017% ngo-30.14%. 2021. Imajini yenzuzo yonke ye-Snowman Co., Ltd. ikhuphuke yafinyelela ku-19.78% ngo-2018 futhi yehla yaya ku-11.61% ngo-2020. Ngo-2021, umkhawulo wenzuzo ye-compressor ye-Snowman Co., Ltd. wawungu-11.63%.
I-Hanbell Precision Machinery iqinise utshalomali lwayo ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni, yandisa izindawo zayo zokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe. Emkhakheni we-air compressor, inkampani iqinise ucwaningo lwayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwama-centrifugal air compressors futhi yethula imigqa yomkhiqizo ehlobene. Mayelana nesiqandisi nokugcinwa okubandayo, inkampani yethule ama-compressor ezimo ezihlukene zohlelo lokusebenza, amazinga okushisa, neziqandisi, ezihlanganisa uhla olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza zobuchwepheshe. Ngo-2021, izindleko ze-R&D zenkampani zafinyelela ezigidini ezingu-185 zama-RMB, okuwukukhula ngo-7.56% uma kuqhathaniswa no-2020. I-Snowman Co., Ltd. iyaqhubeka nokugxila emkhakheni oyinhloko wama-compressor, ihlola izimo ezintsha zokufunwa nokusetshenziswa kanye nokuqhubeka nokucwaninga nokusungula amandla aluhlaza, ekhabhoni ephansi, namandla asebenzayo. Ngo-2021, izindleko zayo ze-R&D beziyizigidi ezingama-91 zama-RMB, okukhuphuke ngo-1.1% uma kuqhathaniswa no-2020.
4. Inkambiso yentuthuko: ubuchwepheshe bemboni buyaqhubeka nokuba ngcono, futhi izidingo zobuhlakani nobuchwepheshe bolwazi nazo ziyanda
4.1 Ukwenziwa ngcono komkhiqizo wamandla okusebenza kuqhuba ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe embonini ye-compressor
Ukongiwa kwamandla kanye nokunciphisa ukungcola kuwumsebenzi okufanele wenziwe ekuthuthukisweni komnotho waseShayina, kusukela ekukhuleni ngesivinini esikhulu kuya ekukhuleni kwezinga eliphezulu. Futhi kungenye yezindlela ezingenakugwenywa zokufinyelela "ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni." Kulo mongo, ukonga kwamandla kagesi kwasekhaya kumele kuthuthukiswe futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwezingxenye ezihambisanayo. Uhlelo lwesiqandisi luqukethe izingxenye ezine ezinkulu: ama-compressor esiqandisini, ama-condensers, ama-evaporator, nama-throttle valves. Phakathi kwazo, ama-compressor ayizingxenye ezibalulekile zesistimu yesiqandisi, ezinomthelela omkhulu ekuphepheni kwalo lonke uhlelo, ukwethembeka, nokusebenza kahle kwamandla. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kwemishini yasendlini, kuyadingeka ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe be-compressor. Maqondana nokuguqulwa kwemvamisa yomkhiqizo, iziqandisi ezinobungani bemvelo kanye nokwenza kahle kwezimoto kuzoqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ukonga amandla kanye nokwenza ngcono okuluhlaza kwama-compressor asendlini. Okokuqala, ubuchwepheshe bokuguqula imvamisa bungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye nokusebenza kukonke kwemishini yasendlini; okwesibili, iziqandisi ezinganaki imvelo zingasebenza kahle, zonga amandla, zibe nobungane endaweni ezungezile, zingabi nangozi kungqimba lwe-ozone, futhi zingabi namphumela obamba ukushisa; ekugcineni, ukwenza kahle kwezimoto kungathuthukisa ngokuqhubekayo ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwensiza yamandla.
4.2 Isidingo sobuhlakani nolwazi sikhula njalo, futhi maningi amathuba okuthi kuthuthukiswe ikusasa lama-screw air compressor angenawo uwoyela.
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezidingo zezobunhloli nolwazi, ukuhlanganiswa kobuhlakani nolwazi emkhakheni wezimboni kuhlala kukhuphuka, futhi nezidingo zobuhlakani nolwazi lwemishini ye-compressor ziyakhula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-screw air compressor engenawo uwoyela, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwayo kwamafutha kanye nekhwalithi yomoya enhle, ingahlangabezana nezidingo zomoya ezisezingeni eliphakeme ezimbonini ezifana nemithi, ukudla nesiphuzo, imikhiqizo kagesi, nezindwangu. Ngokumelene nesizinda sezinqubomgomo zezemvelo ezikhula ngamandla eminyakeni yamuva nje, ama-screw air compressor angenawo uwoyela akhombise kancane kancane izinzuzo zawo. Kodwa-ke, imakethe yasekhaya yamanje yama-screw air compressor angenawo uwoyela isaqala, futhi sisekhona indawo eyanele yokukhula komthamo wemakethe wama-screw air compressor angenawo uwoyela. Amabhizinisi ahlobene ne-Compressor angabamba leli thuba, abeke ngamandla ibhizinisi le-screw compressor engenawo uwoyela, futhi alethe ukunwebeka kokusebenza enkampanini futhi athuthukise ukuncintisana kwayo.
Umthombo ovela I-Intelligence Research Group (chyxx.com)
