Izinto Ezi-5 Ezithonya Ikhwalithi Yokusikwa Kwe-Plasma

n kulesi sihloko, sizodabula izici ezibucayi kakhulu ezinomthelela kwikhwalithi yokusikwa kwe-plasma. 

Igesi eliphakathi

Igesi isetshenziselwa inqubo yokusika. Inqubo ingase ibandakanye igesi engaphezu kweyodwa, isibonelo, igesi eyinhloko kanye negesi yesibili. Njengamanje, umoya usetshenziswa kakhulu njengegesi ephakathi ngenxa yezindleko zawo eziphansi. Ezinye izisetshenziswa nazo zidinga igesi yokuqalisa i-arc. Inqubo yangempela ekhethelwe umsebenzi incike ezintweni kanye nobukhulu be-workpiece kanye nendlela yokusika esetshenziswayo. 

Igesi eliphakathi lisetshenziselwa ukwakha ijethi ye-plasma futhi isuse insimbi encibilikisiwe ne-oxide ekhiqizwa inqubo yokusika. Ukugeleza kwegesi ngokweqile kuzosusa ukushisa okwengeziwe kwe-arc, okwenza ubude bendiza bube bufushane, okuholela ekunciphiseni komthamo wokusika kanye nokungaqini kwe-arc. Ukugeleza kwegesi kuncane kakhulu kuzobangela ukuthi i-plasma arc ilahlekelwe ukuqondisa kwayo namandla okusika. Kwenza ukusika okungashoni futhi kungenzeka ukuthi kukhiqize i-slag. Ngakho-ke, ukugeleza kwegesi kufanele kuhambisane nokusika kanye nesivinini. Imishini yokusika i-arc ye-Plasma incike kakhulu ekucindezelweni kwegesi ukulawula izinga lokugeleza ngoba lapho indawo yesibani isilungisiwe, ingcindezi yegesi iphinde ilawule izinga lokugeleza. Ingcindezi yegesi esetshenziselwa ukusika ubukhulu obuthile bempahla ngokuvamile ikhethwa ngokuya ngezidingo zekhasimende. Ngezicelo ezithile ezikhethekile, ukuhlolwa kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kutholakale ingcindezi yegesi. Amagesi asetshenziswa kakhulu ahlanganisa i-argon, i-nitrogen, i-oxygen, umoya, i-H35, ne-argon-nitrogen igesi exubile.

A: Umoya uqukethe cishe u-78% we-nitrogen; ngokwevolumu, ukusika ngomoya kukhiqiza uhlobo lwe-slag olufana kakhulu nokusika nge-nitrogen. Umoya nawo uqukethe cishe u-21% womoya-mpilo. Ukuba khona komoya-mpilo kungenza inqubo yokusika isheshe. Ukusikwa kwezinto zensimbi ezinekhabhoni ephansi nakho kungenziwa ngesivinini esikhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umoya uwumthombo ofinyeleleka kakhulu onezindleko ezimbalwa. Lawa maqiniso enza umoya ube yigesi ephakathi nendawo eyamukelwa kabanzi. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenzisa umoya wodwa ukusika kunezinkinga,. njenge-slag, ukusikwa kwe-oxidation, nokwanda kwe-nitrogen. Ukwengeza, impilo encishisiwe ye-electrode kanye ne-nozzle ingaba nomthelela omubi ekukhiqizeni futhi ikhuphule izindleko.

B. I-oksijeni ingakhuphula ijubane lokusika izinto zensimbi ezithambile. Ngalo mqondo, ukusebenzisa umoya-mpilo ukusika kufana kakhulu nokusika ilangabi. I-high-temperature kanye ne-high-energy plasma arc yenza inqubo yokusika isheshe. Kodwa-ke, ukuze kunwetshwe ukuphila kwe-electrode, le nqubo kufanele yenziwe nge-electrode ephikisana ne-oxidation eshisa kakhulu, futhi evikelwe emthelela ngesikhathi sokudubula, .

C. I-Hydrogen ivame ukusetshenziswa njengegesi elisizayo elizoxutshwa namanye amagesi. Isibonelo, igesi eyaziwa kakhulu i-H35, ingxube ye-35% ye-hydrogen ne-65% ye-argon, ingenye yamagesi anamandla okusika i-arc ye-plasma ngenxa yokuba khona kwe-hydrogen. I-hydrogen ingakhuphula kakhulu i-arc voltage, ngakho-ke ijethi ye-hydrogen plasma inenani eliphezulu le-enthalpy. Uma ixubene ne-argon, amandla ayo okusika ijethi ye-plasma aba ngcono kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, ezintweni zensimbi ezinogqinsi olungaphezu kuka-70mm, i-argon + hydrogen ivame ukusetshenziswa njengegesi. Uma ijethi lamanzi lisetshenziselwa ukucindezela i-argon + hydrogen plasma arc ngokuqhubekayo, ukusebenza kahle kokusika okuphezulu nakho kungafinyelelwa.

D. I-nitrogen iyigesi esetshenziswa kakhulu. Inikwe amandla amandla kagesi aphezulu, i-nitrogen plasma arc inokuzinza okungcono namandla ejethi aphezulu kune-argon, ngisho nalapho isika insimbi ewuketshezi ngezinto eziphezulu ze-viscosity ezifana nensimbi engagqwali. Ngokusika ama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel, inani lamanyela esenzeka emaphethelweni aphansi wokusikwa nalo lincane. I-nitrogen ingasetshenziswa yodwa noma ixutshwe namanye amagesi. Isibonelo, i-nitrogen nomoya kuvame ukusetshenziswa njengamagesi aphakathi ezinqubweni zokusika ezizenzakalelayo. Lawa magesi amabili abe yizinketho ezinconyiwe zokusika i-carbon steel ngesivinini esikhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi i-nitrogen nayo isetshenziswa njengegesi yokuqala yokusika i-oxygen plasma arc.

I-E. Argon gas ayihlangani nanoma iyiphi insimbi emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, futhi i-argon plasma arc izinzile kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-nozzles nama-electrode asetshenzisiwe anesikhathi eside sokusebenza. Kodwa-ke, i-voltage ye-argon plasma arc iphansi, inani le-enthalpy aliphezulu, futhi amandla okusika alinganiselwe. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokusika komoya, ubukhulu bokusikwa buzoncishiswa cishe ngama-25%. Ukwengeza, endaweni yokuvikela igesi ye-argon, ukungezwani okungaphezulu kwensimbi encibilikisiwe kukhulu kakhulu, okungaba ngu-30% ephakeme kunaleyo esendaweni ye-nitrogen, ngakho-ke kuzokwenziwa i-slag eyengeziwe. Ngisho nokusika ngenhlanganisela ye-argon namanye amagesi kunethuba lokukhiqiza i-slag. Ngakho-ke, i-argon ehlanzekile ayivamile ukusetshenziswa yodwa ekusikeni kwe-plasma. 

Isivinini sokusika

Ijubane lokusika liphinde licatshangelwe kakhulu lapho kufunwa umshini wokusika i-plasma. Uhlelo ngalunye lokusika i-plasma luza nebanga lejubane eliklanyelwe. Abasebenzisi bangashuna isivinini ngokuya ngemiyalelo yomkhiqizo noma ngokwenza izivivinyo. Ngokuvamile, isivinini singanqunywa ngokusekelwe ezicini ezifana nokuqina, izinto ezibonakalayo, indawo yokuncibilika, ukuqhutshwa kwe-thermal, nokushuba kwangaphezulu ngemva kokuncibilikisa ucezu lokusebenza.

Ukwenyuka okumaphakathi kwejubane lokusika kungathuthukisa ikhwalithi yokusika. Kwenza ukusika kube mncane kancane futhi indawo enqunyiwe ibe bushelelezi, inciphisa amathuba okuguqulwa.

Uma isivinini sokusika siphezulu kakhulu, amandla omugqa wokusika angaba ngaphansi kwamandla adingekayo. Indiza esesikhaleni ayikwazi ukuphephula incibilike ngokushesha, ngakho-ke inani elikhulu lamafomu okudonsa alandelayo.

Uma ijubane lokusika liphansi kakhulu, ukushisa ngokweqile kwenzeka. I-anode ye-plasma arc yilapho ukusika kwenzeka khona ngempela. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kugcinwe ukuzinza kwe-arc ngokwayo, indawo ye-CNC ngokungenakugwenywa iphendukela ekubeni i-conduction current eduze nendawo eseduze ne-arc. Ngale ndlela, i-jet idlulisa ukushisa okwengeziwe nge-radially. Kulokhu, ukusika kunwetshiwe. Impahla encibilikisiwe ezinhlangothini zombili zokusikeka iyabuthana futhi iqinise eduze konqenqema olungezansi, yenze i-slag okungelula ukuyihlanza, futhi unqenqema olungaphezulu lwe-incision luyashiswa futhi luncibilike ukuze kwakheke ikhona eliyindilinga.

Uma isivinini siphansi kakhulu, i-arc izocishwa ngenxa yokuthi i-incision ibanzi kakhulu. 

yamanje

I-current (amperage) inquma ubukhulu nesivinini sokusika. Ngakho-ke, yamanje iyisici esiyinhloko sokwenza ukusika okusheshayo kwekhwalithi ephezulu. Ikakhulukazi, okwamanje kuthinta lezi zici:

• Ngomsinga ophakeme, isistimu ikhiqiza amandla aphezulu e-arc, amandla okusika aphezulu, kanye nesivinini sokusika esiphezulu.

• Ngomthamo wamanje ophakeme, isistimu ikhiqiza i-arc enobubanzi obukhulu, ekhiqiza ukusika okukhulu.

• Umsinga owedlulele, nokho, ubeka umthwalo oshisayo ongajwayelekile emlonyeni. Lokhu kunikeza umlomo wombhobho impilo emfushane futhi kuba nomthelela omubi kwikhwalithi yokusika.

Ukunikezwa kwamandla kwesistimu yakho yokusika i-plasma kufanele kufane ne-amperage ehlelelwe ukusika. I-amperage engaphezu kokwanele ingenisa izindleko ezingadingekile. Kodwa-ke, i-amperage encane kakhulu ingase ingagcini nje ngokulimaza ukusebenza kokusika kodwa futhi ilimaze uhlelo lokusika.

Ukuphakama kweNozzle

Ubude be-nozzle bubhekisela ebangeni eliphakathi kobuso bokuphela kwe-nozzle kanye nendawo yokusebenza, okuyingxenye yabo bonke ubude be-arc. Ukusika i-Plasma arc ngokuvamile kusebenzisa amandla angaphandle akhona noma amawa. 

Imiphumela yobude obukhudlwana:

Lapho ukuphakama kwe-nozzle kunyuswa, i-amperage ishintsha kancane. Kodwa-ke, ubude be-arc obuningi bubangela ukuba i-arc voltage ikhule futhi ngenxa yalokho kubangela amandla e-arc ukuthi ande. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-arc ende ihumusha ukuchayeka okwengeziwe endaweni ezungezile kanjalo nokulahlekelwa amandla okwengeziwe. Lokhu kulahlekelwa kwamandla kunciphisa ngokungenakugwenywa amandla okusika asebenzayo, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwamandla okusika. Kulokhu, ngenxa yokuthi amandla aphephukayo ejethi lokusika ayancipha, ungathola i-slag esele eningi emaphethelweni aphansi e-incision, futhi umkhawulo ongaphezulu uncibilika ngokweqile ukuze ukhiqize amakhona ayindilinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kucatshangelwa ukuma kwejethi ye-plasma, ububanzi bejethi bunwebeka ngaphandle ngemva kokushiya umlomo wethoshi, futhi ukwanda kobude bombhobho kubangela ukwanda kobubanzi bokusikwa. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukisa isivinini sokusika kanye nekhwalithi yokusika, abasebenzisi ngokuvamile bakhetha ubude be-nozzle buncane ngangokunokwenzeka. 

Imiphumela yobude obuncane

Kodwa-ke, uma ubude be-nozzle buphansi kakhulu, bungase bubangele ukwenzeka kwe-double-arc. Ukusebenzisa i-ceramic yangaphandle ye-nozzle, ungasetha ukuphakama kwe-nozzle ku-zero; okungukuthi, ubuso bokugcina be-nozzle buthintana ngqo nomsebenzi, futhi bukhiqize ukusika kwekhwalithi ephezulu. 

Amandla e-arc

Ukwakha i-arc ye-plasma ecindezelwe kakhulu, umlomo wombhobho usebenzisa indawo encane yokuvula umlomo nobude bembobo futhi uqinise umphumela wokupholisa. Lokhu kungakhuphula ukudlula kwamanje engxenyeni yesiphambano esebenzayo yombhobho ukuze ukuminyana kwamandla e-arc kukhule. Kodwa-ke, ukucindezela okuphezulu nakho kukhulisa ukulahleka kwamandla e-arc. Ngakho-ke, amandla asebenzayo asetshenziselwa ukusika mancane kunokukhishwa kwamandla ngokunikezwa kwamandla. Izinga lokulahlekelwa ngokuvamile liphakathi kuka-25% no-50%. Ngezindlela ezithile, ezifana nokucindezelwa kwamanzi kwe-plasma arc, izinga lokulahlekelwa kwamandla liyoba likhulu. Udinga futhi ukucabangela lokhu lapho uklama inqubo yakho yokusika futhi uhlela izindleko zakho.

Ezinhlelweni eziningi zezimboni, ukusika kwe-plasma kusetshenziselwa ukusika amapuleti ensimbi anogqinsi olungaphansi kuka-50mm. Ukusika ngama-arcs e-plasma avamile ngaphakathi kwalolu hlu lokujiya ngokuvamile kubangela ukuchezuka kosayizi abasikiwe eduze konqenqema olungaphezulu lokusikwa futhi ngenxa yalokho kwandisa inani lokucubungula okwengeziwe okudingekayo. Uma usebenzisa i-oksijini ne-nitrogen plasma arcs ukusika insimbi ye-carbon steel, i-aluminium, nensimbi engagqwali, uma ukujiya kwepuleti lisebangeni lika-10 ~ 25mm, ngokuvamile ukushuba kwempahla, kuba ngcono i-perpendicularity yomkhawulo wokugcina. Ukubekezelelana kwe-angle konqenqema lokusika kungu-1-4 °. Uma ubukhulu bepuleti bungaphansi kuka-1mm, njengoba ukushuba kwepuleti kuncipha, ukuchezuka kwe-angle ye-incision kukhula kusuka ku-3 ° - 4 ° kuya ku-15 ° - 25 °.

Ngokuvamile kunenkolelo yokuthi amandla e-plasma arc akhululwa kakhulu engxenyeni engenhla ye-cut kunaleyo engezansi. Lokhu kungalingani kokukhishwa kwamandla kuhlobene eduze nemingcele eminingi yenqubo, njengezinga lokucindezelwa kwe-arc ye-plasma, isivinini sokusika, kanye nebanga phakathi kwe-nozzle nesiqeshana sokusebenza. Ukwandisa ukucindezelwa kwe-arc kunganwebisa i-jet ye-plasma ephezulu yokushisa ukuze kwakhiwe indawo efanayo yokushisa okuphezulu futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwandise isivinini se-jet, okunganciphisa umehluko wobubanzi phakathi kokusikeka okuphezulu nokuphansi. Kodwa-ke, ukucindezelwa ngokweqile kwama-nozzles avamile kuvame ukuholela ekubambeni kabili, okungadli nje kuphela ama-electrode nama-nozzles, okwenza inqubo ingenzeki kodwa futhi iholela ekwehleni kwekhwalithi yokusika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isivinini esiphezulu kakhulu nokuphakama kwenozzle ephezulu kakhulu kuzonyusa umehluko phakathi kobubanzi obungaphezulu nobuphansi bokusikwa.

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