Izinto Eziyisi-6 Okufanele Zicatshangelwe Lapho Uthenga Indawo Yokomisa Imboni

Izisomisi zezimboni ziyi-investimenti ebalulekile futhi okufanele icatshangelwe ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokuthenga. Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe nayo yenze imishini yokomisa yaba nzima futhi yahlukahluka. Lezi zinguquko zenza kube inselele kwabangebona ochwepheshe ukukhetha umshini ofanele. 

Ngokunikezwa lokhu, lesi sihloko sizosiza abathengi ukuthi benze isinqumo esifanele sokuthenga ngokugqamisa izici ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe ngaphambi kokwenza ukukhetha, kanye neminye yemishini ethandwa kakhulu etholakala emakethe namuhla.      

Ithebula lokuqukethwe
Imakethe yomhlaba wonke yezomiso zezimboni
Izinto okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha isomisi sezimboni
Izinhlobo zokomisa

Imakethe yomhlaba wonke yezomiso zezimboni    

Imakethe yokomisa izimboni ibilinganiselwa ku- $4 billion ngo-2015 futhi ilinganiselwa ukuthi izokhula ngezinga lokukhula lonyaka elihlanganisiwe. (CAGR) ka-4.3%, ifinyelela ku-$6.37 billion ngo-2026. Kunezici eziningana ezibhebhezela lokhu kukhula, okuhlanganisa ukwanda kwesidingo sale mishini evela ezimbonini ezimbalwa ezisetshenziswa ekugcineni njengemithi, ukudla, umanyolo, amakhemikhali, amaminerali, usimende, nephepha & ne-pulp. Ikhono lezimboni zokomisa ngokuyimpumelelo izinto eziningi, ngaleyo ndlela kusiza izimboni ukuhlangabezana nemigomo yazo yokomisa, kuyenza ibe yimpahla eyigugu ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene. Futhi ngenxa yalokho ukusetshenziswa kwama-dryer emikhakheni ehlukahlukene kuzoqhubeka nokukhula.

Izinto okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha isomisi sezimboni    

Esinye sezinyathelo ezibaluleke kakhulu ekukhetheni isomisi esifanele ukuhlola izinto ezimanzi emshinini wokomisa, uqinisekise ukuthi umkhiqizo wokugcina womile futhi usezingeni elifiswayo. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokuba ukuhlolwa kuqale, nazi izici eziyisithupha okufanele uzicabangele lapho unciphisa uhlelo lokumisa.

1. Usayizi nokuminyana

Ubukhulu kanye nokuminyana kwezinto ezizomiswa kunquma ubukhulu namandla omshini wokomisa okufanele uthenge. Isibonelo, izinto ezincane zidinga izindlela zokomisa ezihlukene kwezinkulu. Futhi njengosayizi, ukuminyana kwezinto nakho kuwukucatshangelwa okubalulekile. Ukuminyana kunquma ukunyakaza kwezinto ngomshini wokomisa, ngezinto eziminyene ezidinga imishini ehlukene kweminyene kancane.

2. Okuqukethwe umswakama okuzomiswa

Kubalulekile futhi ukwazi umswakama wempahla ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kwenqubo yokomisa. Ukuhlola umshini wokomisa kusenesikhathi kungasiza ekunqumeni ukusebenza kahle kwesomiso nokuthi ngabe usayizi olungile yini. Uma inkampani ithola ukuhluka kumgomo wayo wokuqukethwe komswakamo womkhiqizo wokugcina, kufanele icabangele osayizi abahlukene bokomisa.

Kubalulekile futhi ukunquma ukuthi impahla ezomiswa ibambe umswakama. Isibonelo, umshini wokuhwamuka uzokwanela uma umswakama ungaphezulu kuphela. Nokho, uma le nto imunca umswakama, kudingeka umshini owoma kahle ngaphakathi. Lesi sici futhi sisiza ukuthola ukuthi zengezwe yini izimfuneko zokufa emugqeni wokucubungula.

3. Ukuphatha impahla

Indlela izinto ezimanzi ezisingathwa ngayo nayo idlala indima lapho ukhetha umshini wokomisa. Izinto ezinamathelayo noma ezingcolile zivame ukuphoqelelwa ukomisa ukuvimbela ukuthi zingaxhumi umugqa. Uma inkampani iphatha izinto ezinamathelayo, unjiniyela angakhetha imishini yokomisa enezindawo ezinganamatheli noma izigwedlo ezakhelwe ngaphakathi ukuze igcine impahla igeleza.

Ukuqina kwento kanye nokuba ntekenteke ezinye izici okufanele zicatshangelwe. Uma inkampani ihlose ukomisa izinto ezintekenteke, kufanele igweme ukomisa okokusebenza okucishe kuhambise izinto, futhi ingase ikhethe umshini osebenzisa indlela emnene. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma izinto ezomisiwe zihuzuka, inkampani ingakhetha imishini yokomisa ekwazi ukumelana ne-abrasive ukuvimbela izinkinga zokulungisa noma ukulimala.

4. Ukusabela ekushiseni

Ezinye izinto zithintwa ukushisa futhi zingasabela lapho zifinyelela amazinga okushisa athile. Uma umshini womisa isixazululo samakhemikhali, kungase kubangele ukusabela kwamakhemikhali.

Futhi, imithombo ethile yokushisa ingancibilika noma ishise ezinye izinto uma zichayeka emazingeni okushisa athile isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, umshini wokomisa ungase uhambe kancane noma ube mkhulu ukuze usize ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa. Uma inkampani isebenza ngezinto ezingase zincibilike, ingakhetha isomisi esinezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kodwa indawo yokuhlala emfushane ukuvimbela ukusabela komkhiqizo okungenzeka.

5. Ukusebenza kahle nezindleko

Ukucatshangelwa kwezindleko kuyingxenye yakho konke ukuthenga okukhulu. Inkampani izobheka izindleko zekhephithali yangaphambili lapho uthenga umshini kanye nezindleko zokusebenza phakathi nokuphila komshini. Kodwa-ke, izindleko zangaphambili akufanele kube yizona kuphela ezibonisa ukonga kwezindleko zokomisa ngoba eminye imishini ingase ibize kancane ngaphambi kwesikhathi kodwa isebenze ngendlela engafanele, ngaleyo ndlela ibize kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Futhi kubalulekile ukucabangela uhlobo lukaphethiloli ogijima umshini.

6. Izidingo zokukhiqiza

Okokugcina, usayizi wokomisa kufanele ufane namazinga okukhiqiza alindelekile. Kuyafaneleka ukucabangela ukuthi umshini wokomisa uzosebenza ngokuqhubekayo noma usebenze ngamaqoqo. Uma inkampani inemisebenzi emikhulu edinga umkhiqizo ophezulu, ukusebenzisa umshini wokomisa omncane kuzoholela ekuvalelekeni, futhi ukusebenza kungase kume ngoba kuzosihlula umshini. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, umshini wokomisa umshini ungashisa ngokushesha kunalokho obekulindelwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma i-dryer enkulu ikhethiwe, izomosha amandla. Ingase futhi yomise noma yomise kakhulu umkhiqizo.      

Izinhlobo zokomisa

Izinto zokomisa ziyahlukahluka kuye ngendlela ngayinye eyisebenzisayo ukususa okuqukethwe kwamanzi ezintweni ezomiswayo. Izinto zokusebenza nazo ziza ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, ubukhulu, nekhono. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukwazi usayizi womshini oqondiwe, uhlobo, kanye nemininingwane ukuze wenze isinqumo esinolwazi. Nazi izinhlobo ezimbalwa zemishini yokomisa ongakhetha kuzo:

Okomisa umbhede okunoketshezi

I-Fluidized Bed Dryers zivame ukusetshenziswa ezimbonini zokwenza imithi ukomisa izinhlayiya zemithi kanye nempushana. Basebenzisa isimiso se-fluidization ukuze bomise izinto - inqubo lapho umoya oshisayo udlula embhedeni onezimbobo wezinto eziqinile ezimanzi ngokucindezela okukhulu ukuphakamisa lezi zinto embhedeni. Lawa ma-granules noma impushana emanzi abe eselengiswa emoyeni, lapho eshiselwa khona. Uketshezi olubangwa wumhwamuko luyasuswa noma lugaywe kabusha ngokwengxenye phakathi nenqubo yokomisa, lushiye izinto zomile ngokwezinga elifiselekayo.

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• Ukunyakaza okungaguquki kwezinhlayiyana zegesi kudala ukushisa okuqinile, okuholela ekukhipheni umswakama ngendlela ephumelelayo
• Ifinyelela ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kokushisa lapho isishintshi sokushisa sangaphakathi sinikeza amandla okomisa okushisa
• Imali yokuqala kanye nezindleko zokuyilungisa ziphansi
• Izinzile futhi kulula ukuyilawula
• Inesikhathi sokuhlala esikhawulelwe

bawo                                    

• Idla amandla amaningi ngenxa yokwehla kwengcindezi ephezulu edingekayo ukuze kumiswe izinto ezimanzi kugesi.    
• Ukugcina ukusebenza kahle kokushisa okuphezulu kudinga ukuphathwa kwegesi okubanzi ngenxa yokujikeleza kabusha kwegesi    
• Uma okuphakelayo kumanzi kakhulu, inqubo izoholela ekungangeni kahle kwamanzi    
• Akulungile uma inqubo yokomisa ihilela ukukhipha ama-solvents ephilayo    
• Azifanelekile uma zomiswa izinto eziqinile ezinobuthi noma ezivuthayo ngoba zingadala umlilo noma ukuqhuma      

Isomisi esijikelezayo

Izomiso ezijikelezayo imishini yokomisa yasezimbonini evame ukusetshenziswa nezinto eziqinile eziyinqwaba ukunciphisa umswakama wazo ngokuhlangana negesi eshisayo.

Lo mshini unesigubhu eside esinqatshiwe esifakwe iziphakamisi zangaphakathi noma izindiza. Inyakazisa izinto lapho isigubhu siphenduka kancane kancane njengoba umoya oshisayo udlula kuso.

Isomisi esijikelezayo sivumela okuphakelayo ukuthi kuhlanganyele ngokuqondile nomoya oshisayo ukukhipha umswakama. Kodwa-ke, isomisi se-rotary esingaqondile sinomoya oshisayo ohlukaniswe nezinto eziphakelayo ngeshubhu noma ipuleti lensimbi. Ngakho-ke ifaneleka ezintweni ezizwela ukushisa. Ingakwazi futhi ukwenza kokubili i-batch kanye nezinqubo zokumisa okuqhubekayo.

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• Ayizweli kusayizi wezinhlayiyana    
• Iyonga ngenxa yezindleko eziphansi zokunakekela    
• Inomthamo omkhulu kunezomiso eziningi    

bawo

• Kungase kubangele ukulahlekelwa kokufakwa ngokweqile, ikakhulukazi uma okuphakelayo kunezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezinhle kakhulu      

Isomisi sombhede esigoqayo

Ngentshisekelo ekhulayo yomhlaba wonke yokusebenzisa i-biomass njengomthombo wamafutha, i umshini wokomisa umbhede selidume kakhulu. Ihlanganisa izici zesomisi sombhede esiwuketshezi kanye nesomisi sezigubhu ukomisa noma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-biomass.

Ukuklama kwayo kuqinisekisa inqubo emnene futhi yokomisa emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Inesikhathi eside sokuhlala esibalulekile ezimbonini ze-biofuel nezigaya kabusha/zokulahlwa kwemfucuza. Iyomisa ngempumelelo inqwaba yemfucuza eluhlaza, amapulangwe ezinkuni, nezinsalela ze-bio ngamandla ayinsalela.

Umshini wokomisa umbhede ufakwe ipuleti elinembobo lapho umkhiqizo ulele khona futhi unikezwa umoya oshisayo ovela ngezansi. I-agitator yomkhiqizo ngokuqhubekayo izungeza umoya njengoba ixuba ngempumelelo impahla eyinqwaba.

Umshini unesilinganiso esiphezulu sokugcwalisa, uqinisekisa ukuthi umoya oshisayo udlula ekuphambukeni okuningana ngaphambi kokushiya inqwaba. Lokhu kushintshaniswa kokushisa kuqinisekisa izindawo ezimanzi eziziro, ngaleyo ndlela kwakheka umphumela wokumisa ophelele.

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• Amandla okushisa aphansi aqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu njengoba ukushisa kwemfucuza kutholakala kalula    

• Isebenza kakhulu ngisho nezinhlayiya ezinkulu noma ezithandelayo    
• Inezindleko ezincane zokucubungula njengoba isebenzisa amandla ayinsalela    
• Isetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke emikhiqizweni eminingi    
• Ayikwazi ukuqhuma futhi iphephile ukuyisebenzisa      

bawo

• Izinga lokushisa eliphansi lingabangela isikhathi esinganele sokuhlala komkhiqizo    
• Ukuxuba okuqinile okungalungile    
• Ukushisisa okuqinile ngokwengxenye      

I-convection dryer

Lezi zomisi zivame ukusetshenziswa embonini yokudla ukomisa okuqinile. I-convection dryer afakwe amapuleti amane akhiphekayo angagqwali lapho kubekwa khona izinto zokuphakelayo ukuze zomiswe.

Uma ukudla sekubekwe esiteshini sokumisa, amapuleti atholakala emoyeni oshisayo oshaywa ngomzila. Umoya oshisayo uzoshisa izinto eziqinile, ususe noma yikuphi umswakama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umoya ungashiswa ngaphambili futhi isivinini sawo silawulwe ukuze uhlangabezane nezidingo zokomisa.

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• Inokushisa nokudluliswa kwenqwaba    
• Iqinisekisa ukushisa okufanayo kungakhathaliseki umbala womkhiqizo, usayizi, noma umumo    
• Ivumela ukulawula izinga lokushisa okunembile    

bawo

• Ifinyelela ukudluliswa kokushisa okuphansi kunezindlela eziningi zokushisa    
• Ukugeleza komoya kungangcolisa umkhiqizo    
• Idinga isikhathi esengeziwe sokuhlala komkhiqizo    
• Incike ekuguquguqukeni okushisayo komkhiqizo ukushisa ingaphakathi layo eliwugqinsi      

Isiphetho

Izisomisi zezimboni zingaba yimpahla eyigugu emabhizinisini amaningi futhi zibe nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi eziwusizo ezizobona isidingo esikhulayo eminyakeni ezayo. Kodwa-ke, uma kucatshangelwa ithegi yabo yentengo eshibhile, ukuthenga isomisi sezimboni kuyisinqumo okufanele kusongwe ngokucophelela. Ngakho-ke lo mhlahlandlela uveze amaphuzu athile abalulekile okufanele acatshangelwe lapho kukhethwa isomisi sezimboni ukuze amabhizinisi aqiniseke ukuthi athola imodeli efanelekile yesabelomali nezidingo zawo.