Uma kubhekwa inhlobonhlobo yama-cranes atholakalayo, kungani ungakhetha i-crane yombhoshongo ozimisa yona ngaphezu kwezinye izinhlobo zama-cranes we-tower cranes nezinye izinhlobo zama-mobile cranes? Lama-cranes aqhathaniseka kanjani nezinye izinhlobo ezitholakalayo?
Lesi sihloko sinikeza umhlahlandlela wokukhetha kulawa ma-cranes ahambayo futhi sibheka ezinye zezinketho eziphezulu emakethe.
Okuqukethwe
Ukukhula kwemakethe ye-crane ehambayo
Isingeniso sama-cranes ahambayo azimisayo
Ukuqhathanisa okufushane nezinye izinhlobo ezifanayo ze-crane
Isampula yama-cranes ahambayo azimisayo ayatholakala
Imicabango yokugcina
Ukukhula kwemakethe ye-crane ehambayo
Okhreni bamaselula benza ingxenye yemakethe yemakethe yonke ye-crane, ngale ngxenye efaka okhrayini bamaloli, ama-crawler cranes, nama-cranes adonsayo. Isigaba sama-cranes adonsayo, noma ama-cranes agibele i-trailer, sifaka ama-cranes ahambayo azimisayo, ama-spider cranes, nezinye izinhlobo ezincane ze-crane.
Ukuhlaziywa kwemakethe yomhlaba wonke kwama-cranes amaselula kuphrojekthi le ngxenye ukuthi ikhule ngezinga lokukhula elihlanganisiwe lonyaka (CAGR) ka-4.8% kusukela ngo-2017 kuya ku-2027,ufika a inani le-US $ 16.9 billion phakathi nesikhathi sokubikezela.
Imakethe yomhlaba wonke ye-crane crane ifaka phakathi ama-cranes ahambayo azimisayo, kanti imakethe yomhlaba wonke ye-crane crane kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule endaweni enkulu. I-CAGR ye-5.1% phakathi nenkathi esukela ku-2022 kuya ku-2028, ikhula isuka enanini lika- US $ 7.0 billion ngo-2022 kuya ku-US $ 9.6 billion ngo-2028.
Sekukonke, ama-cranes ahambayo azimisayo akhombisa ukukhula okunempilo njengoba enikeza izinzuzo eziningi zama-tower cranes nokho anikeza ukuguquguquka kanye nesivinini sama-cranes ahambayo.
Isingeniso sama-cranes ahambayo azimisayo
Okhreni abahambahambayo abazimisayo empeleni, yizinguqulo ezigoqayo/ezingasombulukanga zama-cranes emibhoshongo emincane. Izingxenye zabo zensika ziwela phezu kombhede we-trailer ongadonswa ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye. Esizeni, bangakwazi ukuvuleka ngogesi futhi banwebe bafinyelele ekuphakameni kwabo kokusebenza, ngokuvamile babe nezigaba ezimbili zensika kanye nezingxenye ezimbili zejib eyinhloko.
Uma inwetshiwe ngokugcwele, i-crane ehambayo ezimisayo ibukeka ifana kakhulu ne-fixed base tower crane futhi ngokwesakhiwo yabelana ngezici eziningi ne-tower crane. Anesisekelo esiqinile uma esemisiwe futhi ama-outrigger anwetshiwe. Zinensika ende ende enozimele we-lattice, i-jib eyinhloko ye-lattice enwebekayo, kanye ne-lattice counter jib enosekelo olufana nohlaka luka-A. Ibhulokhi nehhuku kuslayida kungene kuphume ngomnyakazo “wokuqhuqha” njengoba bekwenzeka ku-crane oyinqaba.
Umehluko owodwa obalulekile wesakhiwo phakathi kokhreni bemibhoshongo egxilile kanye nabazimisayo ukuthi, kukhreni wombhoshongo ogxilile, iplatifomu yokubulala (itafula elizungezayo) kanye nekhabhini yokulawula kuhlala phezu kwensika, kubheke phansi phezu kwendawo yokusebenza, kuyilapho kukhreni ozimisayo ohambayo, iplatifomu yokugezela imiswa esisekelweni, ibheke endaweni yokulayisha futhi phezulu.
Okhreni bombhoshongo abazimisayo kwesinye isikhathi bangahle badideke nama-cranes emibhoshongo eqinile, eyaziwa nangokuthi "i-climbing" cranes. Lokhu akukona okuhambayo futhi akuvezi nge-hydraulically kusuka kusisekelo esiphathekayo. Zingama-cranes asemibhoshongo ahlanganisiwe noma ahlakazwa endaweni yawo, kodwa lokho kungakhuphula ukuphakama kwawo ngokwethula izingxenye ezintsha kunsika yawo njengoba “ekhuphuka.”
Ngokombono wokuhamba, ama-cranes ahambayo azimisayo awanazo izinjini zawo, kodwa anyakaziswa kalula ngokuwadonsa. Uma sezifikile esizeni, ziyashesha ukumisa futhi zithatha indawo encane, nokho zingaba ne-jib radius ejikayo ebanzi ukusuka endaweni yokubulala. Ziyakwazi ukuguquguquka kakhulu, nakuba lobu buchule bubuye bufike nokulinganiselwa ekuphakameni nesisindo, ngakho-ke zifaneleka kakhulu ezindaweni ezincane zokwakha.
Ama-cranes ahambayo azimisayo anamandla okuziphakamisa anesizotha, ngokuvamile ebangeni eliphakeme lamathani angu-3–4, nakuba kukhona amamodeli ambalwa amakhulu atholakalayo angathwala amathani angaba ngu-10. Ukuphakama kokuphakama nakho kujwayelekile, phakathi kwamamitha angama-60 no-130.
Ukuqhathanisa okufushane nezinye izinhlobo ezifanayo ze-crane
Nasi isiqhathaniso esifushane phakathi ama-cranes ahambayo azimisayo nezinye izinhlobo zokhrayini abahambahambayo, ama-spider cranes, ama-cranes amaloli ahambayo, ama-crawler cranes, nama-bridge cranes:
Ama-Spider Cranes
Ama-Spider Cranes ziqhathaniswa nomthamo wokuphakamisa, kanti ezinkulu zinesisindo esingafika kumathani ayi-12 angakhushulwa aze afike kumamitha angama-50. I-boom iyibhokisi le-telescopic boom, elinama-outrigger amane anwebekayo anikeza ukuzinza. Ama-spider cranes mancane futhi ahlangene futhi anonyawo oluncane, ngakho ayindlela enhle kumasayithi amancane okufinyelela. Bahamba bezungeza ithrekhi encane ngaphansi kwamandla abo.
Ama-cranes amaloli eselula
Ama-cranes amaloli eselula nikeza isiqhathaniso esihlukile kuma-cranes ahambayo azimisayo. Okhrayini bamaloli bazinzile uma sebeboshiwe nezixhumi zabo futhi bangashesha kakhulu ukuphakamisa noma ukwehla nokusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye. Lawa ma-cranes ngokuvamile angaphakamisa afinyelele cishe kumathani angu-400, nakuba ama-cranes amakhulu angaphakamisa amathani angu-1,200. Ukuyekethisa kwabo kunobude, njengoba basebenzisa ibhokisi elinwebekayo elinobude obungafika kumamitha angama-260.
Ama-crawler cranes
Uma sekuhlanganiswe ngokuphelele, ama-crawler cranes ingaphakamisa amathani angu-3,000 futhi ifinyelele ukuphakama okungamamitha angu-650. Ziyahamba, zihamba ngamacimbi, kodwa zihamba kancane futhi azikulungele ukuba semgwaqweni. Badinga ukuhlanganiswa okuthile ukuze bafinyelele ukuphakama okuphezulu, njengoba i-boom ayinakunwebeka.
I-lattice boom yabo kanye ne-jib kwakudingeka kuhlanganiswe ndawonye, futhi ukulingana kwabo kufinyelelwa ngokulayisha kuma-counterweights asindayo. Ngakho-ke, ama-crawler cranes adizayinelwe ukuphakamisa okusindayo ukuya ezindaweni eziphakeme ezinesikhungo esiphansi samandla adonsela phansi, kodwa asadinga ukuhlanganisa futhi ayanensa ukusuka endaweni eya endaweni.
Okhrayini bebhuloho
Okhrayini bebhuloho, owaziwa nangokuthi ama-cranes angaphezulu, ajwayele ukufakwa endaweni yemboni esebenzayo njengendawo yokugcina impahla. Kunama-parallel girder rails nhlangothi zombili kanye negida elilodwa elihambayo elivula igebe eliphakathi kwawo.
Bangakwazi ukuphakamisa izisindo ezinkulu kakhulu—amathani ayi-100 noma ngaphezulu—bafike kubude bobude obunqunywa imishayo ehambisanayo, kuncike kumandla wengqalasizinda esekelayo. Akuwona ama-cranes ahambayo futhi amisiwe endaweni, kodwa i-beam ehambayo ihamba phezulu futhi phansi ubude bemishayo esekelayo.
Inzuzo yokuzakhela ama-mobile tower cranes
Inzuzo enkulu ama-cranes ahambayo azimisayo anayo ngaphezu kwamanye ama-cranes ahambayo ukuphenduka kwawo okubanzi kwerediyasi, okubavumela ukuthi basuke ku-mast main futhi bajikeleze phezu kwendawo yokusebenza kanye nezakhiwo eziseduze eziphansi.
Asebenza njengama-cranes emibhoshongo engaguquki, anyakazisa i-jib ukusuka ku-mast emaphakathi, ephakamisa umthwalo ngokuklebhula ibhulokhi ngaphakathi ukuze anganwebeki ngokweqile isisindo nebhalansi, futhi angakwazi ukuzungezisa futhi ahambise umthwalo kunoma iyiphi indawo oyifunayo, ephansi noma ephezulu.
Ngokuqhathanisa, amanye ama-cranes ahambayo asebenzisa i-boom eyodwa, anwebeka nge-engeli ukusuka kusisekelo, anobunzima obuningi bokugwema izithiyo eziphansi nokubeka imithwalo ezindaweni ezinwetshiwe noma eziphakeme. Ama-cranes azimisayo aphinde ahlanganise nezinhlelo zokuqapha ezithuthukisiwe zomthwalo kanye nebhalansi ukuze zixwayise futhi zigweme ukulinganisa ngokweqile ngokunweba kakhulu umthwalo eduze kwejib.
Ukuqhathanisa nama-cranes emibhoshongo engashintshi
Okhreni bombhoshongo abazimisayo baphinde baqhathanise kahle nama-cranes emibhoshongo egxilile futhi sebedumile kumasayithi amancane ngokukhululeka kwawo kanye nesivinini sokuhlanganisa nokuthuthela kwenye indawo.
Nakuba ama-cranes angaguquki angakwazi ukuphakamisa imithwalo phezulu kwamathani angu-150 ukuya phezulu okungamafidi angu-250 (phezulu uma ahange ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo), afinyelela amandla awo okuphakamisa ngokuqiniswa ngokuqinile esisekelweni sikakhonkolo kanye/noma ngaphakathi kohlaka lwesakhiwo. Kodwa-ke, ukusetha kungathatha amasonto, ngakho-ke lezi zinhlobo zama-cranes azikwazi ukunikeza ukuhamba okufanayo kanye nesivinini sokuhlanganisa nokuhlakaza njengabalingani bazo abazimisayo.
Isampula yama-cranes ahambayo azimisayo ayatholakala
Lokhu I-Hunan Tant 1.5 to 2 to XNUMX crane ezimisayo ingakhuphukela kumamitha angama-82-98, ithengise cishe ama-US $20,000.
The I-XJCM i-crane yeselula ezimisa yona iza ngosayizi ukusuka kumathani angu-1-4 futhi ingakhuphuka ifike ku-65-82 izinyawo, ithengise ama-US$57,800, kodwa ngokuncipha okukhulu kwamayunithi amaningi.
Lokhu I-QTK25 3-ton-capacity self-erecting i-crane yeselula ingaphakama ifike ku-115 feet futhi itholakala ngama-US$65–66,000, kuye ngenani lamayunithi.
Lokhu I-TCK10 crane inamandla okuphakamisa ithani elingu-1 wamafidi angama-82 futhi ithengisa phakathi kwe-US $25,800 kanye ne-US $28,500.
Lokhu I-JFYT25-27 i-crane yeselula ezimisa yona ukusuka ku-ACNtruck Vehicle and Machinery ingaphakamisa kufikela kumathani ama-3 ukuya kumafithi angama-80. Ithengisa ngo-US$120,000, kodwa lokho kwehlela ku-US$98,000 ngamayunithi ama-3 noma ngaphezulu.
Lokhu I-JFYT 1720–10 i-crane ehambayo ezimisa yona ukusuka ku-Oriemac iphakamisa cishe ithani elingu-1 ukuya kumafidi angama-65. Isithombe esingenhla sibonisa inweba, sibonisa ukuma kwebhulokhi yokubeka kanye nehhuku lapho igoqiwe. Le modeli ithengisa phakathi kwe-US $19,500 kanye ne-US $20,000, kuye ngenani lamayunithi.
Lokhu I-Taian Avencer i-crane yeselula ezimisa yona ingakwazi ukuphakamisa amathani angu-3 ukuphakama okungamamitha angu-65. Le modeli itholakala ngama-US $24–25,000. Esithombeni esingenhla, ukubumbana kwe-crane egoqiwe kungabonakala njengoba yehlisa esitsheni sokuthumela.
Nakuba iningi lama-cranes ahambayo azimisayo enekhono lokuziphakamisa elinesizotha, ebangeni elingu-1–4 ton kanye namafidi angama-60–100, akhona amamodeli ambalwa amakhulu kakhulu emakethe. Lokhu inguqulo enkulu evela ku-ACEL A/S inama-heavy-duty outriggers futhi ipakishwe ngama-counterweights. Uma inwetshiwe, ingaphakamisa ifike kumathani angu-9, ifinyelele ubude obungaphezu kwamamitha angu-400.
Nakuba lo mshini omkhulu uzimele, njengoba uvuleka ukuze usetshenziswe futhi uhlanganiselwe ukuthutha, uzodinga isikhathi esengeziwe ukuze uzuze isisekelo esizinzile futhi ulayishe ama-counterweights. Kuzodingeka futhi izinto zokuhamba ezisindayo zokudonsa. Hlola isixhumanisi esingenhla ukuze uthole amanani ale modeli.
Imicabango yokugcina
Noma kunjalo ama-cranes ombhoshongo ziwumbono ojwayelekile emkhathizwe wezindawo zokwakha ezisezingeni eliphezulu, inani lalabo okhreni abalungisiwe kodwa empeleni bayizinhlobo zamaselula zokuzakhela. Okhreni abazimisayo bayinketho eyandayo ethandwa kunezinguqulo ezingaguquki ngenxa yokusebenziseka kwabo nokuhamba. Ama-crane emibhoshongo egxilile athatha amasonto ukuhlangana, okudinga isisekelo sikakhonkolo kanye nezingxenye ze-crane ukuthi zifakwe njengoba i-crane iphakama. Ngokuphambene, lokhu kuthatha isikhathi ukwehlisa nokuqaqa i-crane.
Okhreni abaningi abazimelayo bangakwazi ukuthwala imithwalo engamathani angu-2–3 kuze kufike kumafidi angu-100 noma ngaphezulu, okwanele ezindaweni eziningi zokwakha ezincane. Kukhona izinguqulo ezinkudlwana kakhulu ezingaqhudelana kahle nama-cranes emibhoshongo engaguquki ngomthamo nokho asanikeza ukuhamba okungcono.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo ze-crane ephathwayo, isakhiwo se-tower crane se-mast main kanye ne-jib eslewing inikeza ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe endaweni yokwakha kunamanye ama-boom cranes.
Kumthengi ongase abe khona, izidingo kanye nemikhawulo yendawo yokwakha izoqondisa ukukhethwa komshini ongcono kakhulu wenjongo. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokukhethwa okubanzi kwama-cranes ombhoshongo atholakalayo emakethe, hlola i-showroom eku-inthanethi ku Chovm.com.
