Esimeni sanamuhla sebhizinisi esisheshayo, ukuphatha izinsiza ngendlela egculisayo kubaluleke kakhulu kunangaphambili. Yilapho i-Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) iqala khona ukusebenza, isofthiwe esiguqule indlela amabhizinisi asebenza ngayo. Ngokuhlanganisa imisebenzi ehlukahlukene efana nezezimali, i-HR, ukukhiqiza, kanye ne-supply chain ohlelweni olulodwa, i-ERP inikeza umbono wenyoni wawo wonke umsebenzi webhizinisi, okwenza kube lula ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi. Le ndatshana icubungula umnyombo we-ERP, ihlola izingxenye zayo ezibalulekile, izinzuzo, izinselele, amathrendi akamuva, nokuthi ibumba kabusha kanjani izimboni.
Okuqukethwe:
- Iyini i-ERP futhi isebenza kanjani?
- Izingxenye ezibalulekile zesistimu ye-ERP
- Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa uhlelo lwe-ERP
- Izinselelo ekusetshenzisweni kwe-ERP
- Ikusasa le-ERP: Izitayela okufanele zibukwe
Iyini i-ERP futhi isebenza kanjani?
I-ERP imele i-Enterprise Resource Planning, igama elingase libonakale likhulu ekuqaleni kodwa eliphathelene nokusebenza kahle. Emgogodleni wayo, i-ERP ihlanganisa izinqubo zebhizinisi ezihlukahlukene zibe yisistimu eyodwa, ehlangene, eyenza imisebenzi ibe lula enhlanganweni. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kuvumela ukuqoqwa kwedatha yesikhathi sangempela kanye nokubika, ukuthuthukisa ukuthathwa kwezinqumo nokusebenza kahle.
Ngokwesiko, iminyango engaphakathi enkampanini yayisebenza kuma-silos, namasistimu awo kanye nesizindalwazi. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kungaholela ekungasebenzini kahle, ukuphindaphinda idatha, namaphutha. I-ERP idiliza lezi zisele, ikhuthaze indawo yokusebenzisana lapho ulwazi lugeleza ngaphandle komthungo phakathi kweminyango.
Inqubo iqala ngokusetshenziswa kwesofthiwe ye-ERP evumelana nezidingo zenkampani. Uma selusetshenzisiwe, uhlelo lwe-ERP luba yisizinda sakho konke ukusebenza kwebhizinisi, ukucubungula ukuthengiselana kanye nedatha evela kuyo yonke iminyango futhi iyethule ngendlela ehlangene. Le ndlela ehlanganisa zonke izinto ayigcini nje ngokusindisa isikhathi kodwa futhi yehlisa izindleko futhi ithuthukise ukukhiqiza.
Izingxenye ezibalulekile zesistimu ye-ERP
Uhlelo lwe-ERP lufana nesistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi yenhlangano, ehlanganisa imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ibe yinto ehlangene. Nakuba izingxenye ezithile zingahluka kuye ngohlelo, kunezici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ezivamile ezinhlelweni eziningi ze-ERP:
- Izezimali kanye ne-Accounting: Le mojula ilawula ukuthengiselana kwezimali kwenkampani, okuhlanganisa ama-akhawunti akhokhwayo, ama-akhawunti atholwayo, ukuhlelwa kwesabelomali, nokubikwa kwezezimali. Iqinisekisa ukunemba nokuhambisana nemithethonqubo yezezimali.
- Abasebenzi (HR): Imojula ye-HR yenza lula ukuphathwa kwedatha yezisebenzi, ukukhokhelwa, ukuqashwa, nokuhlolwa kokusebenza, ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezinqubo zakwa-HR.
- Ukukhiqiza: Ezinkampanini ezikhiqizayo, le ngxenye ilawula ukuhlelwa kokukhiqiza, ukuhlela, ukuphathwa kwempahla, nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi, iqinisekisa ukulethwa kwemikhiqizo ngesikhathi.
- Ukuphatha ukuhlinzeka: Le mojula ithuthukisa ukuhamba kwezimpahla nezinto zokwakha kusuka kubahlinzeki kuya kumakhasimende, ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kochungechunge lokunikezela nokunciphisa izindleko.
Ukuhlanganisa lezi zingxenye ohlelweni olulodwa kunikeza umbono ohlangene wokusebenza, okusiza ukuthathwa kwezinqumo okungcono kanye nokuhlelwa kwamasu.
Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa uhlelo lwe-ERP
Ukusebenzisa uhlelo lwe-ERP kungaba nomthelela omkhulu emgqeni webhizinisi ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, ukwehlisa izindleko, nokuthuthukisa umkhiqizo. Nazi ezinye zezinzuzo ezibalulekile:
- Ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe: Ngokuzenzakalela imisebenzi evamile kanye nokwenza lula izinqubo zebhizinisi, i-ERP inciphisa umsebenzi wezandla futhi iqede ukudilizwa, ikhulula abasebenzi ukuze bagxile emisebenzini yamasu.
- Ukwenza Izinqumo Okuthuthukisiwe: Idatha yesikhathi sangempela ehlinzekwe amasistimu e-ERP inikezela ngemininingwane ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwebhizinisi, okuvumela ukwenziwa kwezinqumo okunolwazi nokuhlelwa kwamasu.
- Ukwehliswa Kwezindleko: Ngokusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kanye namaphutha ancishisiwe, izinhlelo ze-ERP zingehlisa kakhulu izindleko zokusebenza nezokuphatha.
Nokho, izinzuzo zidlulela ngale kwalezi zici ezibonakalayo. Izinhlelo ze-ERP futhi zithuthukisa ukusebenzisana nokuxhumana kuyo yonke iminyango, okuholela esikweni lenhlangano elibumbene.
Izinselelo ekusetshenzisweni kwe-ERP
Naphezu kwezinzuzo ezingaba khona, ukuqaliswa kwe-ERP kuza nesethi yayo yezinselele. Lokhu kungasukela ezindabeni zobuchwepheshe kuye kwezici zomuntu, okuhlanganisa:
- Izindleko Nezikhathi Ziyadlula: Amaphrojekthi we-ERP adume kabi ngokweqa ibhajethi nezikhathi ezimisiwe. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yezinselele zobuchwepheshe ezingalindelekile noma izinguquko ezidingweni zebhizinisi.
- Ukumelana Nokushintsha: Abasebenzi abajwayele izinhlelo zefa bangase bamelane nohlelo olusha lwe-ERP. Ukuphatha lolu shintsho ngendlela efanele kubalulekile ukuze kube noshintsho olubushelelezi.
- Ukunyuka kwedatha: Ukuhambisa idatha kusuka ezinhlelweni ezindala ukuya ohlelweni olusha lwe-ERP kuwumsebenzi onzima odinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubuqotho nokunemba kwedatha.
Ukubhekana nalezi zinselele kudinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela, ukuxhumana okucacile, nokuphathwa okuqinile kwephrojekthi. Naphezu kwalezi zithiyo, izinzuzo zesikhathi eside zokuqaliswa kwe-ERP ngempumelelo zingaba nkulu.
Ikusasa le-ERP: Okuthrendayo okumele kubukwe
Isimo se-ERP sihlala sishintsha, kunezitayela ezintsha ezivelayo ezithembisa ukuqhubeka nokuguqula ukusebenza kwebhizinisi. Amanye amathrendi abalulekile afaka:
- Cloud ERP: Izinkampani eziningi zihambisa amasistimu azo e-ERP efwini, zikhangwa ukuguquguquka, ukuqina, nokonga izindleko ezikunikezayo.
- I-AI nokufunda ngomshini: Ukuhlanganisa i-AI nokufunda komshini ezinhlelweni ze-ERP kungenza ngokuzenzakalela izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi kunikeze imininingwane ejulile kudatha, kuthuthukise ukwenziwa kwezinqumo.
- I-ERP yeselula: Ngokukhula komsebenzi okude, izixazululo ze-ERP zamaselula ziya ngokuya zibaluleka, okuvumela abasebenzi ukuthi bafinyelele ulwazi olubalulekile lwebhizinisi noma yikuphi.
Njengoba lezi zindlela ziqhubeka zithuthuka, izinhlelo ze-ERP zizoba yingxenye enkulu ekusebenzeni kwebhizinisi, ukushayela kahle, ukusungula izinto ezintsha, kanye nokukhula.
Isiphetho
Amasistimu e-ERP ayisisekelo sebhizinisi lesimanjemanje, ahlanganisa imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ohlelweni olulodwa, olusebenzayo. Nakuba ukuqaliswa kungase kube inselele, izinzuzo - kusukela ekusebenzeni okuthuthukisiwe kuya ekuthathweni kwezinqumo okuthuthukisiwe - akunakuphikwa. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, kuzoba njalo nezinhlelo ze-ERP, ezihlinzeka ngamathuba amakhulu kakhulu kumabhizinisi ukuthi enze kahle ukusebenza kwawo futhi aqhubekisele phambili impumelelo. "
