Umkhakha wokuphrinta we-3D, isimanga sobunjiniyela besimanje, uguqule indlela esidala ngayo, esisungula ngayo, nesicabanga ngayo ngokukhiqiza. Kusukela kuma-prototypes ayinkimbinkimbi kuya ezingxenyeni ezisebenzayo, amaphrinta e-3D aletha imibono ekuphileni ngokunemba nokusebenza kahle. Lesi sihloko sicubungula ukusebenza okuyinkimbinkimbi, ukusetshenziswa, ukucatshangelwa kwezindleko, nokukhetha okuphezulu kwamaphrinta e-3D, enikeza umhlahlandlela ophelele wabashisekeli nochwepheshe ngokufanayo.
Okuqukethwe:
- Iyini iphrinta ye-3D?
- Asebenza kanjani amaphrinta we-3D?
- Isetshenziswa kanjani iphrinta ye-3D
– Ibiza malini iphrinta ye-3D?
- Amaphrinta aphezulu we-3D
Iyini iphrinta ye-3D?
Iphrinta ye-3D iyisimangaliso sobuchwepheshe besimanje obushintsha amamodeli edijithali e-3D abe yizinto eziqinile, ezinezinhlangothi ezintathu. Kuwuhlobo lokukhiqiza okungezwayo lapho umkhiqizo udalwa ngokwengeza ungqimba olubalulekile ngokwesendlalelo, okuphambene kakhulu nezindlela zokukhiqiza ezisusayo ezivamile. Le ndlela yokusungula ivumela ukudalwa kwezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi nezinemininingwane ngezinga lokunemba nokwenza ngokwezifiso okwakungacatshangwa emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule.
Ukusetshenziswa kokuphrinta kwe-3D kukhulu futhi kuyahlukahluka, kusukela ku-prototyping nokukhiqiza ezimbonini ezifana ne-aerospace, ezezimoto, nokunakekelwa kwezempilo, kuya ekusetshenzisweni komuntu siqu okwengeziwe okufana nobucwebe bangokwezifiso, ukuhlobisa ikhaya, ngisho nemfashini. Ikhono lokukhiqiza izinto ngokushesha nangendlela efinyelelekayo lapho zifunwa khona aligcinanga ngokusheshisa inqubo yokuklama kodwa futhi livule izindlela ezintsha zokusungula nokuhlola.
Asebenza kanjani amaphrinta e-3D?
Umlingo wokuphrinta we-3D uqala ngemodeli yedijithali, evamise ukudalwa kusetshenziswa isofthiwe ye-Computer-Aided Design (CAD). Le modeli ibe isisikwa ibe ngamakhulu noma izinkulungwane zezendlalelo ezivundlile kusetshenziswa isofthiwe yokusika okukhethekile. Iphrinta ye-3D ifunda le modeli esikiwe njengepulani futhi iqala inqubo yokuphrinta ngokubeka phansi izendlalelo ezilandelanayo zezinto kuze kube yilapho into yakheka ngokugcwele.
Kunobuchwepheshe obuningi obusetshenziswa ekuphrinteni kwe-3D, ngayinye inenqubo yayo ehlukile nezinto zokwakha. Ubuchwepheshe obuvame kakhulu i-Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), lapho i-thermoplastic filament ishiselwa endaweni yayo yokuncibilika bese ikhishwa isendlalelo ngongqimba ukuze kwakhiwe into. I-Stereolithography (SLA) kanye ne-Digital Light Processing (DLP) ubuchwepheshe obusekelwe ku-resin obusebenzisa ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet (UV) ukwelapha inhlaka ewuketshezi ibe yipulasitiki eqinile. I-Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), ngakolunye uhlangothi, isebenzisa i-laser ukuze ifake izinto eziyimpushana, iyibophe ndawonye ukuze yakhe isakhiwo esiqinile.
Ungayisebenzisa kanjani iphrinta ye-3D
Ukusebenzisa iphrinta ye-3D kuqala ngokudala noma ukukhethwa kwemodeli ye-3D. Le modeli ingaklanywa kusukela ekuqaleni kusetshenziswa isoftware ye-CAD noma ilandwe kumakhosombe ahlukahlukene aku-inthanethi. Uma imodeli isilungile, icutshungulwa ngesofthiwe yokusika ukuze iguqulelwe kwifomethi iphrinta ye-3D engayiqonda, ngokuvamile ngendlela yekhodi ye-G.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo sihlanganisa ukulungisa iphrinta ye-3D, ehlanganisa ukulayisha okokusebenza (i-filament, i-resin, noma impushana), ukulinganisa umbhede wokuphrinta, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izilungiselelo zilungiselelwe imodeli ethile nokokusebenza. Uma yonke into isimisiwe, inqubo yokuphrinta ingaqala. Ngokuya ngosayizi nobunkimbinkimbi bento, ukuphrinta kungathatha noma yikuphi ukusuka emahoreni ambalwa kuya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Ngemva kokuba ukuphrinta kuqediwe, okunye ukucubungula ngemva kokucubungula, njengokuhlanza nokukhipha izakhiwo zokusekela, kungase kudingeke ukuze kufinyelelwe isiphetho sokugcina.
Ibiza malini iphrinta ye-3D?
Izindleko zamaphrinta e-3D zehle kakhulu phakathi neminyaka edlule, okwenza lobu buchwepheshe bufinyeleleke kalula kubathandi bokuzijabulisa, othisha, namabhizinisi amancane. Amaphrinta eleveli yokungena e-FDM angatholwa ngemali encane efika ku-$200, okuwenza abe yinketho edumile kwabaqalayo. Amamodeli ebanga eliphakathi, anikeza ukulungiswa okungcono kanye namavolumu amakhulu okwakha, angasukela ku-$1,000 kuya ku-$3,000. Amaphrinta e-3D ebanga lochwepheshe, ahlinzeka ngokunemba okuphezulu, izinto ezithuthukile, namandla okuphrinta amakhudlwana, angaqala ku-$5,000 futhi akhuphuke afinyelele ku-$100,000 noma ngaphezulu kumamodeli ezimboni.
Izindleko zezinto nazo ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo kanye nekhwalithi. Izicucu ezijwayelekile ze-PLA kanye ne-ABS zamaphrinta e-FDM ashibhile, kuyilapho izinto ezikhethekile njengemicu eguquguqukayo, imicu eyinhlanganisela, nezinsalela zekhwalithi ephezulu zamaphrinta e-SLA/DLP zingabiza kakhulu. Ukwengeza, izindleko zokusebenza, okuhlanganisa ugesi, ukunakekelwa, nezingxenye ezishintshayo, kufanele futhi zicatshangelwe lapho kubalwa ingqikithi yezindleko zobunikazi.
Amaphrinta aphezulu we-3D
Imakethe yamaphrinta e-3D inkulu futhi iyahlukahluka, ihlinzeka ngezidingo ezahlukahlukene, izintandokazi, kanye nesabelomali. Kwabaqalayo, i-Creality Ender 3 V2 inikeza inani elikhulu, elihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kalula nekhwalithi yokuphrinta ehlaba umxhwele. I-Prusa i3 MK3S+ igqama esigabeni esimaphakathi, edume ngokwethembeka, ukunemba, kanye nomklamo womthombo ovulekile. Kochwepheshe namabhizinisi adinga ukuphrinta kokucaca okuphezulu kanye nokuhlukahluka kwezinto zokwakha, Ifomu le-Formlabs Lefomu 3 liyimbangi ephezulu esigabeni sephrinta ye-resin, kuyilapho i-Ultimaker S3 inikeza ukusebenza okukhethekile nokuhambisana kwezinto engxenyeni ye-FDM.
Ukukhetha iphrinta ye-3D efanele kuncike ezintweni ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe, ikhwalithi yokuphrinta efiswayo, izidingo zezinto ezibonakalayo, nesabelomali. Kubalulekile ukucwaninga futhi uqhathanise amamodeli ahlukene ukuze uthole leyo evumelana kangcono nezidingo zakho ezithile.
Isiphetho: Amaphrinta e-3D angamathuluzi aguqulayo akhiqize intando yeningi, avumela kokubili abantu ngabanye nezimboni ukwenza imibono yabo iphile ngesivinini esingakaze sibonwe kanye nokuvumelana nezimo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumuntu othanda ukuzilibazisa ofuna ukuhlola amaphrojekthi wokudala noma uchwepheshe ofuna ukwenza i-prototype nokwenza izinto ezintsha, kunephrinta ye-3D ekhona elungele wena. Ngolwazi olufanele nezinsiza, ukuzulazula emhlabeni wokuphrinta kwe-3D kungaba uhambo oluvuzayo nolujabulisayo.
