Amandla omoya angumthombo wamandla avuselelekayo okhule ngokuduma emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule njengoba abantu abaningi, amabhizinisi, nohulumeni bezwe befuna izixazululo zamandla ahlanzekile nezisimeme emiphakathini yabo.
Izinjini zomoya ziphakathi nendawo kulokhu njengoba esebenzisa amandla omoya, okwenza kubaluleke ngendlela emangalisayo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwenjini yomoya ukuze uthole okuningi emthonjeni wamandla. Kunezici ezimbalwa ezingase zibe nomthelela ekusebenzeni kahle kwenjini yomoya, futhi kulesi sihloko, sizodlula ezibalulekile okufanele sizicabangele. Sizophinde sihlole ukusebenza kwemakethe yamandla omoya emhlabeni jikelele.
Qhubeka ufunde ukuze ufunde izinto eziphezulu okufanele uzibheke njengoba uthola izinjini zomoya zohlu lwakho lwamagama ngo-2024.
Okuqukethwe
Ukubuka konke kwemakethe yamandla omoya emhlabeni jikelele
7 izici ezithinta ukusebenza kahle kwezinjini zomoya
Umthombo wezinjini zomoya ezisebenza kahle
Ukubuka konke kwemakethe yamandla omoya emhlabeni jikelele
Ngokuvumelana ne I-Spherical Insights, imakethe yamandla omoya emhlabeni wonke yayinenani lemakethe lama-USD 79.7 billion ngo-2021. Bekulindeleke ukuthi ikhule ngezinga lokukhula elihlanganisiwe lonyaka (CAGR) lika-8.4% ukuze ifinyelele inani lemakethe lama-USD 151.47 billion ngesikhathi sokubikezela sika-2022-2030.
Umgomo oyinhloko walokhu kukhula kwemakethe kube ukwanda kwesidingo semithombo yamandla ahlanzekile, avuselelekayo emhlabeni wonke emzamweni wokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni. Umphumela wenqubomgomo kanye nezinhlaka zokulawula ezikhuthaza amandla esimeme kuholele ekwandeni kwemakethe yamandla omoya emhlabeni jikelele.
Ingxenye ye-wind turbine kulindeleke ukuthi ibe ngaphezulu kule makethe Isikhathi sokubikezela sika-2022–2030, eqhutshwa ukwanda kwentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kanye nezindleko eziphansi zamaturbine omoya. Ikakhulukazi, ama-blade asetshenziswa kuma-turbines omoya aya eba banzi futhi angasindi, okwenza ukusebenza kahle kwenjini yomoya.
Ngokuya ngokuhlukaniswa kwesifunda, iNyakatho Melika (i-US, iCanada, neMexico) kulindeleke ukuthi ibe yi- isifunda esikhula ngokushesha Ngesikhathi sokubikezela, ngenkathi i-Asia-Pacific izobusa imakethe njengesifunda esine- isabelo semakethe esikhulu kunazo zonke ku-57%. Ngaphakathi kwesifunda, i-China yayinenani eliphakeme kakhulu lokufakwa kwenjini yomoya, njengengxenye yemizamo eqhubekayo kahulumeni yokukhuthaza ukukhula kwemboni.
7 izici ezithinta ukusebenza kahle kwezinjini zomoya
Manje njengoba sesinombono wamathemba emakethe yamandla omoya emhlabeni jikelele kanye nokukhula okulindelekile kwesidingo eziphehla ugesi, ake sibheke ezinye zezinto ezibalulekile ezithinta ukusebenza kahle kwenjini yomoya. Ulwazi lwalezi zici luzosiza amabhizinisi kanye nabathengisi bemishini yamandla ukuthi bathole uhlu olufanele futhi banikeze ukwesekwa okufanelekile kumakhasimende abo ohambweni lwabo lokuthenga.
1. Isivinini somoya kanye nenkathi
Lokhu kungase kuhambe ngaphandle kokusho. Njengomthombo wamandla oyinhloko, isivinini nesikhathi somoya yizinqumo ezinamandla zokusebenza nokusebenza kahle kwezinjini zomoya. Isivinini somoya endaweni ethile sinquma inani lamandla omoya angakhiqizwa i-wind turbine.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isivinini somoya sithinta inani lamandla e-kinetic angathathwa ama-wind turbine blades ukuze adluliselwe kujeneretha. Uma wonke amapharamitha engashintshi, kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukunyuka kwesivinini somoya ngo-10% kungaholela ekunyukeni kwamandla omoya ngama-33%.
Isikhathi somoya nakho kubalulekile ukucatshangelwa, njengoba isivinini somoya ezindaweni ezahlukene sizohluka kuye ngesikhathi sonyaka kanye nezimo zezulu ezikhona.
2. Ukuminyana komoya kanye nezinga lokushisa
Enye into ebalulekile enomthelela ekusebenzeni kahle kwamasistimu enjini yomoya ukuminyana komoya kanye nezinga lokushisa lesayithi lomsebenzisi. Ukuminyana komoya inani lezinhlayiya noma isisindo esingaphakathi kwevolumu yomoya ethile, futhi lokhu kuminyana kuthinta izinga lokugeleza okukhulu komoya nge-turbine yomoya, okubuye kube nomthelela ekuphumeni kwamandla.
Izinga lokushisa lomoya lithinta ukusebenza kahle kwenjini yomoya ngenxa yokwanda okushisayo nokufinyela kwezinto okubangelwa amazinga ahlukene okushisa komoya. Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwejeneretha kanye nezingxenye zikagesi ze umoya turbine, kubalulekile ukulandisa ngokuhlukahluka kwakho kokubili ukuminyana komoya kanye nezinga lokushisa ukuze kulungiswe ngokufanelekile i-coefficient yamandla kanye nesistimu yokupholisa.
3. Ubude behabhu noma ukuphakama
Ngokuvamile, umoya uyanda njengoba ukuphakama kukhuphuka. Ngenxa yalokhu, imibhoshongo emide ye-turbine yomoya iyakwazi ukuthatha amandla engeziwe. Lesi simo sokushintsha kwesivinini somoya nobude sibizwa ngokuthi i-wind shear.
Ezindaweni eziphakeme zehabhu noma ezindaweni eziphakeme, umoya uyakwazi ukugeleza ngokukhululeka njengoba kunezithiyo ezimbalwa ezisuka phansi, njengezihlahla, izintaba, nezakhiwo. Ngakho-ke, indawo ye- umoya turbine kufanele kucatshangelwe, njengoba kuzonquma ubude behabhu obudingekayo ukuze kupheliswe amandla omoya afaneleke kakhulu.
4. Ububanzi bezindwani ezijikelezayo ze-turbine
Ububanzi be-rotor, noma ububanzi obuyindilinga obushanelwe ama-blade azungezayo e-turbine yomoya, bunomthelela onamandla emandleni abanjwe ama-blade. Ububanzi be-rotor yezinjini zomoya bukhule ngokuqhubekayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi emzamweni wokubamba amandla omoya engeziwe ngokusebenzisa izimpiko ezinde.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi eziphehla ugesi nge-rotor diameters emikhulu iyakwazi ukushanela indawo enkulu, ngaleyo ndlela ibambe umoya omningi futhi, ngokulandelayo, ikhiqize ugesi owengeziwe. Ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi ngisho nasendaweni enomoya omncane uma kuqhathaniswa, i-turbine enama-blade amade ingabamba umoya otholakala kakhulu kunaleyo enama-blade amafushane. Leli khono lokuvuna umoya omningi ngesivinini esiphansi somoya libonisa ukusebenza kahle okukhulu.
5. Ukulawula i-pitch nokuzamula
Esinye isici esithinta ukusebenza nokusebenza kahle kwe eziphehla ugesi amasu okulawula nokwenza kahle kwama-turbines. Amasu okulawula izindlela ezisetshenziswa ukulawula i-blade pitch ye-turbine, isivinini se-rotor, i-torque yejeneretha, ne-yaw angle. Amasu okuthuthukisa izindlela ezisetshenziselwa ukusungula amanani alungile kanye nezilungiselelo zezinto eziguquguqukayo zokulawula i-turbine njengoba kunqunywa izinjongo nezingqinamba zohlelo lwe-turbine.
Ukuze uthole ukusebenza kahle kwe-turbine, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa amasu okulawula nokwenza kahle asebenza ngempumelelo futhi aguquguqukayo. Iphimbo elilungiselelwe kanye nokulawula i-yaw kunika amandla eziphehla ugesi ukukhiqiza amandla ngesivinini esibanzi somoya.
6. Ukuhlelwa kwama turbines epulazini
Amapulazi amaningi e-wind turbine azoba ne-wind turbine engaphezu kweyodwa endaweni. Ngenxa yalokhu, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhlelwa kwamapulazi omoya kuyathuthukiswa ukuze kugwenywe ukubekwa kwe-turbine ethunzini lomoya lamanye ama-turbines.
Ama-blades we eziphehla ugesi ibekwe ngaphambili kwepulazi lomoya kudala ukuvuka komoya onesiyaluyalu ofinyelela kumaturbine ngemuva. Isimo esinjalo singanciphisa kakhulu inani lamandla akhiqizwa izinjini zomoya ezingabekwanga kahle, njengoba zizobamba amandla amancane ngenxa yokuncipha kokusebenza kahle kwe-blade okubangelwa umoya onesiyaluyalu.
7. Ukwethembeka nokugcinwa
Ukuthembeka kwe-turbine kunqunywa ukwethembeka kwezinye izingxenye ezibalulekile, okuhlanganisa ama-blades, i-gearbox, ne-generator. Ukwehluleka kwalezi zingxenye ezibalulekile kuzomisa umsebenzi oyinhloko wenjini yomoya yokukhiqiza ugesi, ngaleyo ndlela kuholele esikhathini sokungasebenzi kanye nesidingo sokulungiswa nokushintshwa.
I-turbine yomoya amadizayini anamazinga aphezulu okuthembeka anomthelela ekusebenzeni kahle kwesistimu ye-turbine yomoya iyonke. Kodwa ngale kwedizayini nokuthembeka kwezingxenye, kubalulekile kubasebenzisi ukuthi bahambisane nezinqubo zokulungisa ezingaguquki nezisebenzayo ukuze balondoloze ukusebenza okuphezulu nokukhulisa ukukhiqizwa kwamandla.
Umthombo wezinjini zomoya ezisebenza kahle
Akuwona wonke ama-wind turbines adalwe alingana, yingakho kubalulekile ukuqaphela izici ezahlukahlukene ezinomthelela ekusebenzeni kahle kwe eziphehla ugesi. Lezi zici, ezihlanganisa isivinini somoya, ukuminyana komoya kanye nezinga lokushisa, ukuphakama kwehabhu noma ukuphakama, ububanzi be-rotor, amasu okulawula, nokwethembeka kwengxenye, kunquma ukusebenza kwesistimu ye-turbine yomoya kanye nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwamandla omoya.
Uma ufuna izinjini zomoya ezisebenza kahle ukuze uzingeze ohlwini lwakho lwamagama, vakashela Chovm.com futhi uhlole uhla olubanzi lwamamodeli e-turbine nabahlinzeki be-turbine yomoya ukuze uthole imikhiqizo efanele abathengi bakho.
