Emkhakheni wobuchwepheshe obubonakalayo, amaphrojektha adlala indima ebalulekile kukho kokubili izilungiselelo ezichwepheshile nokuzijabulisa kwasekhaya. Bakhulisa izithombe namavidiyo phezulu, okwenza okuqukethwe kufinyeleleke kalula kubabukeli abakhulu. Lo mhlahlandlela uhlola ubunkimbinkimbi bamaphrojekhtha, izinzuzo zawo kanye nezingqinamba, futhi unikeza imininingwane yokuwakhetha nokuwasebenzisa ngempumelelo.
Okuqukethwe:
– Iyini iprojektha?
– Isebenza kanjani iprojektha?
- Izinzuzo kanye nezithiyo zama-projektha
- Ungakhetha kanjani i-projektha
– Indlela yokusebenzisa iprojektha
Yini i-projektha?
Iprojektha iyithuluzi elithwebula isithombe noma isignali yevidiyo bese iphrojusa endaweni enkulu, ngokuvamile esikrinini noma odongeni, isebenzisa ukukhanya. Lobu buchwepheshe buthuthuke kakhulu kusukela ezinsukwini zakuqala zamaphrojekhtha angaphezulu kuya ezinguqulweni zesimanje zedijithali ezinikeza izithombe ezihlanzekile, ezicacile ngombala nomnyama nokumhlophe. Amaphrojektha asetshenziswa kakhulu kuzilungiselelo ezahlukahlukene, okubandakanya amagumbi okufundela, amagumbi enkomfa, amatiyetha asekhaya, namasinema angaphandle, ahlinzeka ngesixazululo esiguquguqukayo sokubonisa okuqukethwe ngezinga elikhulu.
Izingxenye eziyinhloko zeprojektha zifaka umthombo wokukhanya, umthombo wesithombe, kanye nesistimu yamalensi. Umthombo wokukhanya kungaba isibani, i-LED, noma i-laser, ekhanyisa isithombe noma ividiyo ezoqalwa. Umthombo wesithombe, ngokujwayelekile isilayidi esibonisa ngale noma ifilimu, manje ngokuvamile isignali yedijithali evela kukhompyutha, isidlali se-Blu-ray, noma idivayisi yokusakaza. Amalensi abe esegxila futhi akhulise lesi sithombe, asiveze endaweni oyifunayo.
Amaphrojektha afika ngezinhlobo ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa i-LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), i-DLP (I-Digital Light Processing), ne-LCoS (i-Liquid Crystal ku-Silicon), ngayinye ihlinzeka ngezinzuzo ezihlukile ngokwekhwalithi yesithombe, ukunemba kombala, nezilinganiso zokuqhathanisa. Ukuqonda lezi zinhlobo kubalulekile kunoma ubani ofuna ukutshala imali kuprojektha, njengoba kuthinta ukusebenza kwedivayisi ezindaweni ezahlukene nezinhlelo zokusebenza.
Isebenza kanjani iprojektha?
Ukusebenza kweprojektha kuyathakazelisa, kuhlanganisa isayensi yokubona kanye nobuchwepheshe bedijithali ukwenza izithombe namavidiyo aphile ngezinga elikhulu. Enhliziyweni yawo, umshini wokudlala udlala ngokukhanyisa umsebe wokukhanya ngesithombe, ebese sikhuliswa futhi sivezwe esibukweni noma odongeni. Le nqubo ihlanganisa izingxenye ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ezisebenza ngokuvumelana: umthombo wokukhanya, umthombo wesithombe, kanye nelensi yokuqagela.
Umthombo wokukhanya uyisiqalo, unikeza ukukhanya okudingekayo. Kumaphrojekhtha esimanjemanje, lokhu kungaba yi-LED, isibani, noma i-laser, ngayinye inikezela ngezinzuzo ezihlukile ngokuya ngokukhanya, ukunemba kombala, neminyaka yokuphila. Ukukhanya bese kudlula emthonjeni wesithombe, okuwumodelayo ngokusekelwe kusiginali yokufaka, okudala isithombe esizovezwa. Lokhu kushintsha kungafinyelelwa ngobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene, obufana ne-LCD, i-DLP, noma i-LCoS, ukukhanya ngakunye okuguquguqukayo ngezindlela ezihlukile ukuze kukhiqizwe isithombe sokugcina.
Okokugcina, i-projection lens igxila futhi ikhulise lesi sithombe endaweni yokuqagela. Ikhwalithi yale lensi ibalulekile, njengoba kufanele igcine ngokunembile ubuqotho besithombe kuyilapho ikhulisa kakhulu. Amaphrojektha athuthukisiwe angase futhi afake phakathi ukusondeza, ukugxila, kanye nemisebenzi yokushintsha ilensi, okuvumela ukulawula okunembile phezu kosayizi wesithombe, ukucaca, nendawo, ukuqinisekisa ukuzizwisa okuhamba phambili kokubuka.
Izinzuzo kanye nezithiyo zama-projektha
Amaphrojektha anikeza isethi eyingqayizivele yezinzuzo eziwenza abe inketho ekhangayo kwabaningi. Enye yezinzuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu ikhono lokukhiqiza izithombe ezinkulu, okuzenza zilungele ukubukwa kweqembu, njengasemakilasini, amagumbi enkomfa, namasinema asekhaya. Leli khono livumela ukuzizwisa okugxile kakhulu, noma ngabe wethula idatha, ufundisa isifundo, noma ubuka ifilimu. Ukwengeza, amaphrojektha ngokuvamile ayaphatheka futhi angasethwa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, anikeze ukuguquguquka okungajwayelekile okungatholakali kumasethi kamabonakude avamile noma amamonitha.
Kodwa-ke, ama-projektha nawo eza nesethi yawo yezinselelo. Enye yezingqinamba eziyinhloko isidingo sendawo yokukhanyisa elawulwayo. Ukuze kuzuzwe ikhwalithi ephezulu yesithombe, ukukhanya kwe-ambient kufanele kuncishiswe, okungaba inkinga ezindaweni ezingakwazi ukufiphala ngokuphelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphrojektha adinga ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile, okuhlanganisa ukuhlanzwa futhi, ekugcineni, esikhundleni somthombo wokukhanya, okungangeza kuzo zonke izindleko zobunikazi.
Okunye okucatshangelwayo wukusebenza okuhlukene kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamaphrojekhtha. Amaphrojekhtha e-LCD, isibonelo, aziwa ngemibala yawo egqamile nezithombe ezicijile kodwa angahlushwa umphumela "womnyango wesikrini", lapho igridi ephakathi kwamaphikseli ibonakala. Amaphrojektha e-DLP anikeza izithombe ezishelelayo kodwa angaveza umphumela wothingo kwezinye izibukeli. Ukuqonda lawa ma-nuances kubalulekile lapho ucubungula i-projektha yezidingo zakho ezithile.
Indlela yokukhetha i-projektha
Ukukhetha iprojektha efanele kuhlanganisa ukucabangela izici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi ihlangabezana nezidingo zakho ezithile. Ukucatshangelwa kokuqala kufanele kube ukusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe kweprojektha, njengoba lokhu kunquma izici ezidingekayo namazinga okusebenza. Isibonelo, iprojektha yetiyetha yasekhaya izobeka phambili izici ezihlukene, njengekhwalithi yesithombe nesilinganiso sokungafani, uma kuqhathaniswa naleyo ehloselwe ukwethulwa, engagxila kakhulu ekukhanyeni nasekuphathekeni.
Ukukhanya, okukalwa ngama-lumens, kungenye into ebalulekile. Isibalo selume esiphezulu sibalulekile ezindaweni ezinokukhanya okuzungezile, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isithombe esiqageliwe sihlala sibonakala futhi sigqamile. Kodwa-ke, ezindaweni ezilawulwayo, ezimnyama, njengamatiyetha asekhaya, ukukhanya kakhulu kungaholela ekucindezelekeni kwamehlo, okwenza indlela elinganiselayo ibaluleke kakhulu.
Isilinganiso sokulungiswa nokugqama siphinde sidlale indima ebalulekile kukhwalithi yesithombe sisonke. Izinqumo eziphakeme zinikeza izithombe ezicacile, ezinemininingwane eminingi, ezibalulekile kokuqukethwe okunencazelo ephezulu kanye nezethulo ezinemininingwane. Isilinganiso sokungafani sithinta ukujula kwabamnyama kanye nokujula kukonke kwesithombe, ngezilinganiso eziphakeme ezihlinzeka ngokubukeka okufana nempilo nokushintshashintshayo.
Indlela yokusebenzisa iprojektha
Ukusebenzisa iprojektha ngempumelelo kuhilela okungaphezu nje kokuyixhuma emthonjeni wevidiyo nokuyivula. Ukuze uzuze ukuzizwisa okuhamba phambili kokubuka, kubalulekile ukucabangela indawo yokusetha, usayizi wesikrini, nezinketho zomsindo. Okufanelekile, i-projektha kufanele ibekwe ekamelweni lapho ungakwazi ukulawula ukukhanya okuzungezile, njengoba ukukhanya okuningi kungageza isithombe. Ibanga eliphakathi kweprojektha nesikrini, elaziwa ngokuthi ibanga lokujikijela, liphinde libe nomthelela kusayizi wesithombe nokucaca, okudinga ukulungiswa okucophelelayo ngokusekelwe ezicacisweni zeprojektha kanye nosayizi wesikrini ofunekayo.
Ukulinganisa iprojektha kungesinye isinyathelo esibalulekile, ukulungisa izilungiselelo ezinjengokukhanya, ukugqama, nombala ukuze uhambisane nendawo yokubuka kanye nohlobo lokuqukethwe. Amaphrojektha amaningi anikezela ngezindlela ezisethiwe ezilungiselelwe izimo ezahlukahlukene, njengesinema noma isethulo, esingasebenza njengesiqalo esihle sokulinganisa.
Ekugcineni, cabangela ukusethwa komsindo. Nakuba amanye amaphrojektha ahlanganisa izipikha ezakhelwe ngaphakathi, lezi ngokuvamile azanele umuzwa womsindo wekhwalithi ephezulu, ikakhulukazi emagumbini amakhulu noma ukusetshenziswa kwemidiya. Ukuxhuma iprojektha kusistimu yomsindo yangaphandle noma ibha yomsindo kungathuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yomsindo, kudale umuzwa ogxile kakhulu futhi ojabulisayo.
Isiphetho
Amaphrojektha anikezela ngendlela eguquguqukayo negxilile yokubuka okuqukethwe, kungaba okomsebenzi noma ukuzijabulisa. Ukuqonda ukuthi zisebenza kanjani, izinzuzo zazo kanye nezinkinga zazo, kanye nendlela yokukhetha nokusebenzisa eyodwa ngempumelelo kungathuthukisa kakhulu umuzwa wakho wokubuka. Ngokucabangela izinto okuxoxwe ngazo kulo mhlahlandlela, ungakhetha iprojektha ehlangabezana nezidingo zakho futhi ujabulele ukubonwa kwesilinganiso esikhulu okungahlinzekwa yiprojektha kuphela.
