Okuqukethwe
● Isingeniso
● Uhlolojikelele lwemakethe
● Izinhlobo nezici zazo
● Izinto okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha imikhiqizo
● Isiphetho
Isingeniso
Esikhathini sedijithali, I-Central Processing Units (CPUs) imi njengomgogodla wobuchwepheshe, eqhuba ukusebenza kahle kwayo yonke into kusukela kuma-smartphone kuya ezikhungweni zedatha ezinwetshiwe. Indima yabo ebalulekile ezikhungweni zedatha, ikakhulukazi, ukuphatha inani elikhulu lokucutshungulwa kwedatha elidingekayo kukhompyutha yamafu, ukuhlaziya idatha enkulu, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zobuhlakani bokwenziwa. Njengoba isidingo sokucubungula idatha ngokushesha nangempumelelo kakhudlwana sikhula, ukuvela kobuchwepheshe be-CPU sekuyinto ebalulekile kumabhizinisi ahlose ukuthuthukisa amakhono awo okuphatha idatha. Njengoba amandla emakethe ashintsha ngokushesha abheke kumaphrosesa akhethekile, anengqikithi eningi athembisa ukuthuthuka okubalulekile ekusebenzeni nokusebenza kahle kwamandla, ukuqonda lobu buchwepheshe kubalulekile kunoma iyiphi inhlangano ethembele ekusebenzeni okuqinile kwesikhungo sedatha. Ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo ekwakhiweni kwe-CPU akubonisi nje kuphela ubunzima obukhulayo bezidingo zabasebenzisi kodwa futhi kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokukhetha amaphrosesa alungile ukuze asekele izikhungo zedatha ezilungele ikusasa.
Ukubukwa kwemakethe
Imakethe yamanje kanye nokukhula okulindelekile
Imakethe ye-CPU yesikhungo sedatha okwamanje inenani elilinganiselwa ku-US$ 10.92 billion futhi kulindeleke ukuthi inwebele ku-$19.55 billion ngo-2033. Lokhu kwanda kuqhutshwa kakhulu isidingo esikhulayo sobuchwepheshe obufana ne-cloud computing, intelligence yokufakelwa (AI), kanye nokuhlaziya idatha enkulu. Njengoba amabhizinisi ngokuya ethutha imisebenzi yawo efwini futhi ekhulisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga idatha ukuze aqhubekisele phambili ukuthathwa kwezinqumo nokusungula izinto ezintsha, isidingo samakhono anamandla okwenza ikhompuyutha siyakhula.
Amathrendi emakethe abalulekile
Amathrendi abalulekile ezimakethe aqhubeka nokubumba isimo sezwe afaka ukukhethekile kwama-CPU ukuphatha i-AI ethile kanye nemithwalo yokufunda ngomshini. Lo mkhuba ubonakala ekuthuthukisweni kwamaphrosesa angasheshi nje kuphela kodwa futhi akwazi ukuphatha izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezidingwa izinhlelo ze-AI ngendlela ephumelelayo. Ukwengeza, ukukhuphuka kwama-multi-core processors kuyaphawuleka, njengoba lokhu kusiza ukucutshungulwa okuphumelelayo kwamasethi edatha amakhulu, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza nokusebenza kahle kwamandla ezikhungweni zedatha. Ukushintshela ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo eziwumgogodla omkhulu kubonisa inguquko ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwe-CPU, okuhloswe ngayo ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zesimanje zezindawo zekhompuyutha ezinesivinini esikhulu, ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.
Lawa ma-dynamics ezimakethe agcizelela ukuthuthuka okusheshayo kwezobuchwepheshe embonini, okubonisa isidingo esibalulekile sama-CPU asebenza kahle kakhulu angasekela izimfuno zekhompuyutha ezikhulayo zezicelo zamabhizinisi zanamuhla. Njengoba umnotho wedijithali uqhubeka ukhula, indima yama-CPU athuthukile ekuvumela ukuthi imisebenzi yesikhungo sedatha ephumelelayo, eyokwehla, futhi engabizi kakhulu iba semqoka nakakhulu.
Izinhlobo nezici zazo
Ukuqhathaniswa kwezinhlobo ze-CPU
I-landscape yama-CPU ihlanganisa izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene eziklanyelwe ezindaweni ezihlukile zekhompuyutha: amaphrosesa eselula, amaphrosesa edeskithophu, amaphrosesa wedeskithophu asezingeni eliphezulu, nama-server processors. Amaphrosesa eselula, adizayinelwe amakhompyutha aphathekayo nezinye izisetshenziswa eziphathwayo, abeka kuqala ukusebenza kahle kwamandla ukuze kunwetshwe impilo yebhethri kuyilapho ehlinzeka ngokusebenza okwanele kwemisebenzi yansuku zonke. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaphrosesa wedeskithophu asebenzisa amandla amakhulu ukuze alethe ukusebenza okuphezulu, okuwenza alungele ukusebenzisa ikhompuyutha okuvamile nokudlala. Amaphrosesa asezingeni eliphezulu edeskithophu acindezela imikhawulo yokusebenza ngezici ezengeziwe eziqondiswe kwabashisekayo nabadali abangochwepheshe, ezisekela imisebenzi yekhompuyutha eqine kakhulu njengokuhlelwa kwevidiyo nokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe.
Amaphrosesa weseva yakhelwe ukwethembeka nemisebenzi ephezulu yokusebenza, ahlonyiselwe ukuphatha izimfuno ezinzima zezindawo zeseva, njengokucutshungulwa kwedatha enkulu nokubala okuyinkimbinkimbi okudingekayo izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisezingeni lebhizinisi. Lawa ma-processor ngokuvamile aklanywa ngama-cores amaningi ukuze aphathe izinqubo ngasikhathi sinye ngempumelelo, athuthukise ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lonke kanye nokuphuma phambili. Ngokolwazi olunikeziwe, ama-CPU eseva angase ahlanganise noma yikuphi ukusuka ku-8 kuya ku-64 cores, okubonisa ukugxila okubalulekile emandleni okwenza izinto eziningi kanye nokucubungula okufanayo.
Ukuhlaziywa kokucushwa okuyinhloko
Ukujula ekucushweni okubalulekile, i-spectrum isukela ku-single-core kuya ekusetheni kwe-deca-core. Ama-CPU anomgogodla owodwa, ake ajwayelekile, manje asebenza kakhulu izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidingeka kancane ngenxa yokulinganiselwa kwawo ekuphatheni izinqubo eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngokuphambene, ama-multi-core processors, afana ne-dual-core, i-quad-core, i-hexa-core, ne-octa-core, asekela ukukhishwa koketshezi okwengeziwe kwemisebenzi eminingi, ukunciphisa ukunensa nokuthuthukisa ulwazi lomsebenzisi. Ama-Deca-core processors, angajwayelekile kangako, anikeza amandla amakhulu nakakhulu ezindaweni zokwenza imisebenzi eminingi, okuzuzisa kakhulu ezindaweni zokusebenza ezisebenza kahle kakhulu namaseva.
Imigqa yomkhiqizo othize
Ngokugxila kubakhiqizi abakhulu abafana ne-Intel ne-AMD, ngamunye unikeza imigqa yomkhiqizo ehlukile eklanyelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zabasebenzisi abahlukahlukene. Uchungechunge lwe-Intel's Core, okuhlanganisa i-i3, i5, i7, ne-i9 onobuhle, lusuka kuma-dual-core processors kuya ekucushweni okuthuthukile kwe-multi-core okusekela i-hyper-threading ukuze kusebenze kahle nakakhulu. Uchungechunge lwe-AMD lwe-Ryzen, kusukela ku-Ryzen 3 kuya ku-Ryzen 9, lubonisa lokhu kwehluka, lunikeza izinketho kusuka kuma-quad-cores alungele isabelomali kuya kumamodeli we-premium 16-core alungele imidlalo nemisebenzi yobungcweti. Kokubili i-Intel ne-AMD ziyaqhubeka nokuqamba izinto ezintsha ngesizukulwane ngasinye, zithuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-chip, ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, kanye namakhono ahlanganisiwe wezithombe.
Izinto okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha imikhiqizo
Lapho kukhethwa ama-CPU ezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene, izici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zidinga ukucatshangelwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuphelele nokuhambisana nezinhlelo ezikhona.
Izidingo zokubala kanye nezidingo zekhompuyutha
Isibalo esiyinhloko se-CPU singenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele icatshangelwe, njengoba ithinta ngokuqondile ikhono lokusingatha imisebenzi eminingi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Emisebenzini yekhompuyutha eyisisekelo, i-dual-core noma i-quad-core processor ingase yanele, kodwa ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezijulile ezifana nokuhlela ividiyo, ukunikezwa kwe-3D, noma ukubala kwesayensi, ukubala okuyisisekelo okuphezulu, okufana nama-cores ayisishiyagalombili noma ngaphezulu, kunenzuzo. Ama-CPU aphezulu kakhulu, njengochungechunge lwe-AMD Ryzen 9 ne-Intel i9, olungafaka ama-cores afinyelela kwangu-16, lunikeza amakhono athuthukile okwenza izinto eziningi, okuvumela ochwepheshe ukuthi basebenzise isoftware eyinkimbinkimbi nefunayo ngempumelelo.
Usayizi wenqolobane
Usayizi wenqolobane udlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwe-CPU njengoba inquma ukuthi ingakanani idatha i-CPU engayigcina okwesikhashana ukuze ifinyeleleke ngokushesha. Osayizi abakhulu benqolobane bavumela ukubuyiswa ngokushesha kwedatha esetshenziswa njalo, kusheshisa kakhulu izikhathi zokucubungula kanye nokusabela kwesistimu kukonke. Isibonelo, amaphrosesa edeskithophu asezingeni eliphakeme avame ukuza nosayizi benqolobane abakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi abafika ku-20 MB noma ngaphezulu, okubalulekile emisebenzini edinga ukusebenza kanzima.
Ukuhambisana kweSocket
Ukuhambisana nesokhethi kubalulekile lapho wakha isistimu entsha noma uthuthukisa ekhona. I-CPU kufanele ihambisane nohlobo lwesokhethi yebhodi lomama. Isibonelo, amaphrosesa esimanje e-Intel angase asebenzise amasokhethi e-LGA 1200, kuyilapho amaphrosesa e-AMD angase asebenzise isokhethi ye-AM4. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-CPU nebhodi lomama kuyahambisana kubalulekile ekwakhiweni okuyimpumelelo noma ekuthuthukisweni, njengoba kuthinta kokubili ukulingana ngokomzimba nekhono le-motherboard ukuxhumana ne-CPU.
Amandla we-Thermal design (TDP)
Amandla edizayini eshisayo abonisa ukusebenza kokupholisa okudingekayo ukuze kugcinwe izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokusebenza. Ama-CPU anezilinganiso eziphezulu ze-TDP ngokuvamile akhiqiza ukushisa okwengeziwe, okudinga izixazululo eziqinile zokupholisa. Isibonelo, ama-CPU asebenza kahle kakhulu asetshenziswa kumageyimu naseziphakelini angase abe nama-TDP asukela ku-95 kuya ku-280 watts, adinga izindlela zokupholisa ezithuthukisiwe njengezipholisa umoya zekhwalithi enhle noma amasistimu okupholisa uketshezi ukuvimbela ukushisa ngokweqile okungaholela ekwehleni kokusebenza noma ukulimala kwehadiwe.
Iqhaza lemifanekiso edidiyelwe
Ama-CPU anezithombe ezihlanganisiwe anele ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke efana nokuphequlula iwebhu, ukusakazwa kwevidiyo, nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezilula zegraphic; kodwa-ke, ngokudlala, ukuhlela ividiyo, kanye nokwakhiwa kwe-3D, i-GPU ehlukile iyanconywa. Ama-Integrated graphics processors (IGPs) ngokuvamile abelana ngezinsiza ne-CPU, engakhawulela ukusebenza kwawo uma kuqhathaniswa namakhadi ezithombe azinikele. Ama-CPU asezingeni eliphezulu asuka kumugqa womkhiqizo we-Intel Core kanye ne-AMD Ryzen ngokuvamile afaka izithombe ezihlanganisiwe ezikwazi ukwenza imisebenzi eyisisekelo, kodwa abasebenzisi abangochwepheshe bazozuza emandleni engeziwe ama-GPU azinikezele, ahlinzeka ngokusebenza okungcono kanye nezici ezengeziwe ezidingekayo ezinhlelweni ezisebenza ngokuningiliziwe.
Isiphetho
Sengiphetha, ukukhethwa kwe-CPU efanele kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle okuhambisana nezidingo zebhizinisi ezithile kanye nezidingo zokusebenza. Ukusuka ekuqondeni ukukhula kwemakethe okubalulekile okuhlongozwayo kwama-CPU esikhungo sedatha, okuqhutshwa yizidingo ezikhulayo zekhompuyutha yamafu kanye ne-AI, kuya ekuhlaziyeni izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-CPU nezici zazo, kuyacaca ukuthi ukuqondisa imininingwane ye-CPU nezinjongo zebhizinisi kubalulekile. Ukucabangela izici ezifana nokubala okuyisisekelo, usayizi wenqolobane, ukusebenzisana kwesokhethi, amandla okuklama ashisayo, kanye nesidingo sezithombe ezididiyelwe ziqhathaniswa nezinikezelwe kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kahle kwesistimu nokusebenza kwezindleko. Ngokukhetha ngokucophelela ama-CPU afana nezinhlelo zawo zokusebenza ezithile, amabhizinisi angathuthukisa ingqalasizinda yawo yezobuchwepheshe ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo ngempumelelo.
