Esikhathini sedijithali, irutha ye-WiFi iyinhliziyo yanoma iyiphi inethiwekhi yasekhaya, exhuma wonke amadivayisi akho ku-inthanethi. Ukuqonda lolu cwecwe olubalulekile lungathuthukisa ulwazi lwakho lwe-inthanethi, kusukela ekusakazeni amamuvi kuya ekuvikeleni idatha yakho. Lo mhlahlandlela uzohlola ukungena nokuphuma kwamarutha e-WiFi, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi wenza okuningi ngoxhumano lwakho lwe-inthanethi.
Okuqukethwe:
- Iyini irutha ye-WiFi?
- Isebenza kanjani irutha ye-WiFi?
- Izinzuzo kanye nezithiyo zerutha ye-WiFi
- Ungayikhetha kanjani irutha yeWiFi
- Ungayisebenzisa kanjani irutha yeWiFi
Iyini irutha ye-WiFi?
Irutha ye-WiFi iyisisetshenziswa esisebenza njengesango phakathi kwenethiwekhi yangakini kanye ne-inthanethi. Ivumela amadivayisi amaningi, njengama-smartphone, amakhompyutha aphathekayo, namagajethi asekhaya ahlakaniphile, ukuthi axhumeke ngaphandle kwentambo ku-inthanethi nakwamanye. Empeleni, iqondisa ithrafikhi kunethiwekhi yakho, iqinisekisa ukuthi amaphakethe edatha afika lapho aya khona kahle.
Amarutha e-WiFi eza ngezinhlobo nosayizi abahlukahlukene, kodwa wonke asebenza umsebenzi ofanayo oyisisekelo: ukunikeza ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi okungenantambo. Lokhu bakwenza ngokuguqula idatha etholwe kumnikezeli wakho wesevisi ye-inthanethi (ISP) ibe amasignali omsakazo. Lawa masignali abe esedluliselwa ngaphandle kwentambo futhi atholwe ngamadivayisi ahlome ngamakhono e-WiFi.
Ukuvela kwamarutha e-WiFi kube okubalulekile, ngamamodeli amasha asekela izici ezithuthukile ezifana noxhumo olunamabhendi amabili, inethiwekhi yesivakashi, nezimiso zokuphepha ezithuthukisiwe. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kwenze amarutha asebenziseka ngezindlela eziningi futhi athembekile, abhekelela isidingo esikhulayo se-inthanethi enesivinini esikhulu kanye nenani elikhulayo lamadivayisi axhunyiwe ezindlini zesimanje.
Isebenza kanjani irutha ye-WiFi?
Emgogodleni wayo, irutha ye-WiFi iyithuluzi lenethiwekhi eliyinkimbinkimbi esebenzisa amaza omsakazo ukunikeza ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi okungenantambo. Uma uxhuma irutha kumodemu yakho, ithola idatha evela ku-ISP yakho, bese iguqulwa ibe amasignali omsakazo. Lawa masignali asakazwa njengenethiwekhi ye-WiFi, amadivayisi angaxhumeka kuyo, okubenza bakwazi ukufinyelela i-inthanethi.
Amarutha e-WiFi asebenza kumafrikhwensi athile, ikakhulukazi amabhendi angu-2.4 GHz no-5 GHz. Ibhendi ye-2.4 GHz inikezela ngokufakwa okubanzi kodwa ngesivinini esingaba esiphansi, okuyenza ifanelekele ukuphequlula kwe-inthanethi okuyisisekelo kanye ne-imeyili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ibhendi ye-5 GHz inikeza amanani edatha asheshayo kumabanga amafushane, alungele ukusakaza ividiyo enencazelo ephezulu noma amageyimu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amarutha asebenzisa izimiso eziyisisekelo ezihlukahlukene, njenge-802.11n (WiFi 4), 802.11ac (WiFi 5), kanye ne-802.11ax yakamuva (WiFi 6), ukuze alawule ukudluliswa kwedatha. Lawa maphrothokholi anquma isivinini, ububanzi, nokusebenza kahle kwenethiwekhi engenantambo, ngamazinga amasha anikeza ukuthuthukiswa okubalulekile ekusebenzeni namandla.
Izinzuzo kanye nezithiyo zerutha ye-WiFi
Amarutha e-WiFi anikeza ukufinyelela kalula ku-inthanethi okungenantambo, asusa isidingo samakhebuli e-ethernet anzima. Asekela ukuxhumeka kwamadivaysi amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa, okuwenza abaluleke kakhulu ezindlini zanamuhla ezixhunywe ngedijithali. Ukwengeza, amarutha esimanje afika nezici zokuphepha ezithuthukisiwe, njengokubethela kwe-WPA3, izindonga zomlilo, nezilawuli zabazali, okuhlinzeka ngendawo ephephile ku-inthanethi.
Kodwa-ke, amarutha e-WiFi awekho ngaphandle kokushiyeka kwawo. Isignali engenantambo ingathinteka ngokuvinjwa ngokomzimba, okufana nezindonga nefenisha, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwamanye amadivaysi, okuholela ekwehleni kwesivinini nokumbozwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba inani lamadivayisi axhunyiwe likhula, inethiwekhi ingaminyana, kube nomthelela ekusebenzeni okuphelele.
Okunye okucatshangelwayo yisidingo sokuvuselelwa njalo nokunakekelwa. Abakhiqizi bakhipha izibuyekezo ze-firmware ukuze babhekane nokuba sengozini kwezokuvikela futhi bathuthukise ukusebenza, okudinga abasebenzisi ukuthi bahlale beqaphile ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi umzila wabo uhlala uvikelekile futhi usebenza kahle.
Ungayikhetha kanjani irutha ye-WiFi
Ukukhetha irutha ye-WiFi efanele kuncike ezintweni ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa usayizi wekhaya lakho, inombolo yamadivayisi azoxhunywa, kanye nemikhuba yakho yokusebenzisa i-inthanethi. Emakhaya amakhulu, irutha enamandla esignali eqinile kanye nenketho yenethiwekhi ye-mesh ingase idingeke ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukumbozwa okuphelele. Amanethiwekhi e-Mesh asebenzisa amadivayisi afana ne-router ukuze andise ukumbozwa kwe-WiFi kulo lonke ikhaya lakho, asuse izindawo ezifile.
Emizini enezidingo zomkhawulokudonsa ophezulu, njengokusakaza ividiyo ye-4K noma amageyimu aku-inthanethi, irutha esekela izinga lakamuva le-WiFi (okwamanje i-WiFi 6) futhi ehlinzeka ngoxhumo olukabili noma oluthathu inganikeza isivinini esidingekayo namandla. Ukwengeza, cabangela amarutha anezici Zekhwalithi Yesevisi (i-QoS), ezibeka kuqala ithrafikhi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imisebenzi edingeka kakhulu ithola umkhawulokudonsa ewudingayo.
Ukuvikeleka kungenye into ebalulekile. Bheka amarutha anamazinga aqinile wokubhala ngemfihlo, ama-firewall akhelwe ngaphakathi, kanye nekhono lokusetha amanethiwekhi esivakashi. Lezi zici zisiza ukuvikela idatha yakho kanye nolwazi lomuntu siqu ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe nasezinsongweni ze-inthanethi.
Ungayisebenzisa kanjani irutha ye-WiFi
Ukusetha irutha ye-WiFi ngokuvamile kuqondile. Qala ngokuxhuma irutha kumodemu yakho usebenzisa intambo ye-ethernet, bese uvula womabili amadivayisi. Sebenzisa ikhompuyutha noma i-smartphone ukuze uxhume kunethiwekhi yomzila, okungenzeka kudinge igama lomsebenzisi elizenzakalelayo nephasiwedi etholakala kumanuwali yerutha noma kudivayisi ngokwayo.
Uma usuxhumekile, finyelela isixhumi esibonakalayo sewebhu yerutha ngesiphequluli ukuze ulungiselele izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi yakho. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukushintsha imininingwane yokungena ezenzakalelayo, ukusetha amanethiwekhi e-WiFi (SSID) namagama-mfihlo, nokumisa izilungiselelo zokuphepha. Ukuze usebenze kahle, cabanga ukubeka umzila wakho endaweni emaphakathi, kude nezithiyo ezinkulu nezinye izinto zikagesi.
Ukunakekela okuvamile, njengokubuyekeza i-firmware, ukushintsha amagama ayimfihlo ngezikhathi ezithile, nokuqapha amadivayisi axhunyiwe, kungasiza ukugcina inethiwekhi yakho ivikelekile futhi isebenza kahle. Amarutha amaningi anikezela ngezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula, ahlinzeka ngendlela elula yokuphatha inethiwekhi yakho futhi ufinyelele izici eziwusizo usohambeni.
Isiphetho: Irutha ye-WiFi iyisisekelo senethiwekhi yasekhaya yesimanje, ehlinzeka ngokunethezeka kokufinyelela ku-inthanethi okungenantambo kuwo wonke amadivayisi amaningi. Ukuqonda ukuthi ama-routers asebenza kanjani, izinzuzo nemikhawulo yawo, nokuthi ungayikhetha kanjani futhi uyisebenzise ngokuphumelelayo kungathuthukisa kakhulu ulwazi lwakho lwe-inthanethi. Ngomzila olungile nokusetha okufanele, ungajabulela uxhumano lwe-inthanethi olusheshayo, oluvikelekile, noluthembekile, kukugcina wena namadivayisi akho nixhumeke kumhlaba wedijithali.
