Ikhaya » Ukuthola Imikhiqizo » Ubuhle nokunakekelwa komuntu siqu » Ukuzulazula ku-World of Reef Safe Sunscreen: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele
Owesifazane Uhlezi Endwangu Esebenzisa Isikrini Selanga

Ukuzulazula ku-World of Reef Safe Sunscreen: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele

Ezweni elishintshayo njalo lobuhle nokunakekelwa komuntu siqu, isivikelo selanga esiphephile sezixhobo sivele njengomkhiqizo obalulekile, odonsa ukunaka kwabathengi abakhathalela imvelo kanye namabhizinisi ngokufanayo. Njengoba umhlaba uya ngokuya uqaphela umthelela wezinto zokuvikela ilanga zendabuko kuzinto eziphilayo zasolwandle, isidingo sezinye izindlela eziphephile zamadwala siyakhula. Lo mhlahlandlela udingida ingqikithi ye-sunscreen ephephile yamatshe, amandla ayo emakethe, kanye namandla abangela ukuthandwa kwawo okukhulayo.

Okuqukethwe:
- Ukuqonda I-Reef Safe Sunscreen kanye Namathuba Aso Emakethe
- Ukuhlola Izinhlobo Ezidumile Ze-Reef Safe Sunscreen
- Ukubhekana Namaphuzu Obuhlungu Babathengi kanye Nezixazululo Zokunikeza
- Imikhiqizo Emisha kanye Nemikhiqizo Emisha Emakethe Ye-Reef Safe Sunscreen
- Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Zicatshangelwe Lapho Uthola Isikrini Selanga Se-Reef Safe
- Ukugoqa: Izinyathelo Ezibalulekile Zokuthola Isikrini Selanga Esiphephile Se-Reef

Ukuqonda I-Reef Safe Sunscreen kanye Namandla Aso Emakethe

Umuntu Othela Ibhodlela Leshubhu Lepulasitiki

Ukuchaza I-Reef Safe Sunscreen: Ukuthi Iyini nokuthi Kungani Ibalulekile

I-sunscreen ephephile yezixhobo ibhekisela emikhiqizweni yokuvikela ilanga eyenziwe ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali ayingozi njenge-oxybenzone ne-octinoxate, aziwa ngokubangela ukumhlophe kwamakhorali futhi alimaze izilwane zasolwandle. Lezi zikhilimu zelanga ngokuvamile zisebenzisa izithako ezisekelwe kumaminerali njenge-zinc oxide ne-titanium dioxide, ehlinzeka ngokuvikeleka okuphumelelayo kwe-UV ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni impilo yezixhobo zamakhorali. Ukubaluleka kokuvikela ilanga okuphephile kwezixhobo zamatshe kudlulela ngalé kokugcinwa kwemvelo; iphinde ihambisane nokuthandwa kwabathengi okukhulayo kwemikhiqizo yobuhle ehlanzekile nemvelo.

Amathrendi emidiya yezenhlalo nama-Hashtag Driving Demand

Ukukhula kwezinkundla zokuxhumana kubambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekwandiseni isidingo sokuvikela i-sunscreen ephephile emanzini. Ama-Hashtag afana ne-#ReefSafe, #EcoFriendlyBeauty, kanye ne-#SaveTheReefs azuze amandla, akhuthaza umphakathi wabathengi abaqaphela imvelo ababeka kuqala ukukhetha okuzinzile. Abagqugquzeli kanye nabagqugquzeli bezemvelo basebenzisa lezi zinkundla ukuze bafundise abalandeli babo ngemiphumela eyingozi yokuvikela ilanga endaweni yemvelo yasolwandle, okuqhubekisela phambili ukuguqukela kwezinye izindlela eziphephile zamadwala. Lokhu kunyakaza kwedijithali akugcini nje ngokuqwashisa kodwa futhi kuqhuba ukuthengiswa, njengoba abathengi befuna imikhiqizo ehambisana namagugu abo.

Ukuhambisana Nokuthrenda Okubanzi Kwezemvelo Nezempilo

Ukwanda kokuqwashisa ngezindaba zemvelo kanye nomfutho wokuphila okusimeme kube nomthelela omkhulu ekuziphatheni kwabathengi. I-Reef safe sunscreen ilingana kahle namathrendi abanzi njengobuhle obuhlanzekile, ukuphila okuluhlaza, nempilo ekhathalela impilo. Ngokombiko wochwepheshe, imakethe yomhlaba wonke ye-sunscreen kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule ku-CAGR ka-5.28%, ifinyelele ku-$ 16.204 billion ngo-2029. Lokhu kukhula kubhebhezelwa ukwanda komdlavuza wesikhumba kanye nezinye izimo zesikhumba ezihlobene ne-UV, ezigcizelela ukubaluleka kokuvikelwa kwelanga okuphumelelayo. Ukwengeza, inani labantu asebekhulile kanye nokwenyuka kwemisebenzi yangaphandle kunomthelela ekwenyukeni kwesidingo semikhiqizo yokuvikela ilanga.

Ukuqondaniswa kwe-sunscreen ephephile yezixhobo zamatshe kanye nalawa mathrendi avelele kunikeza ithuba elinenzuzo kumabhizinisi asembonini yobuhle nokunakekelwa komuntu siqu. Ngokunikela ngemikhiqizo ebhekelela umthengi oqaphela imvelo, izinkampani zingangena engxenyeni yemakethe ekhulayo ekwazisa ukusimama nempilo. Njengoba imakethe yemikhiqizo yokunakekelwa kwelanga iqhubeka nokukhula, ukugcizelelwa kokwakhiwa okuphephile kwamadwala kulindeleke ukuthi kugqame nakakhulu, okuqhubekisela phambili ukuqanjwa nokukhula kulo mkhakha.

Ukuhlola Izinhlobo Ezidumile Ze-Reef Safe Sunscreen

Abantu Abaphakamisa Izandla

Izikrini zelanga ezisekelwe kumaminerali: Okuhle, Okubi, kanye Nempendulo Yabathengi

Izikhilimu zelanga ezisekelwe kumaminerali, ezaziwa nangokuthi izivikeli-langa ezibonakalayo, zisebenzisa izithako zamaminerali ezisebenzayo njenge-zinc oxide ne-titanium dioxide ukuze zenze umgoqo obonakalayo esikhumbeni obonisa imisebe ye-UV. Lawa ma-sunscreens ahlonishwa kakhulu ngokuvikela kwawo okubanzi futhi avame ukunconywa esikhumbeni esibucayi ngenxa yezindawo zawo ezingacasuli. Ngokombiko wochwepheshe, ukushintshela ebuhleni obuhlanzekile kuye kwakhulisa kakhulu ukuthandwa kwezithako zokuvikela ilanga ezisekelwe kumaminerali, njengoba zingenawo amakhemikhali ayingozi njenge-oxybenzone ne-octinoxate, aziwa ngokulimaza izixhobo zamakhorali.

Kodwa-ke, ama-sunscreens amaminerali awekho ngaphandle kokushiyeka kwawo. Isikhalazo esisodwa esivamile ukukhonjwa okumhlophe abangakushiya esikhumbeni, okungase kubonakale ikakhulukazi esikhumbeni esimnyama. Ukuqamba okusha ekwakhiweni, okufana nezinhlayiya ezincane nezinguqulo ezinemibala, kudingidwa lolu daba, okwenza le mikhiqizo ikhange kakhulu kubabukeli ababanzi. Impendulo yabathengi igqamisa okuthandwayo okukhulayo kwalokhu kwakhiwa okuthuthukisiwe, okunikeza izinga elifanayo lokuvikela ngaphandle kwemiphumela yobuhle engathandeki.

Impendulo yabathengi ibe yinto enhle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kulabo abanesikhumba esibucayi noma labo abafuna izinketho ezivumela imvelo. Imikhiqizo efana ne-Blue Lizard ne-Badger zithole ukunconywa ngokwakhiwa kwazo okusebenzayo nokumnene. Abathengi bamabhizinisi kufanele bacabangele ukwanda kwesidingo semithi yokuvikela ilanga esekelwe kumaminerali, ikakhulukazi lezo ezikhulume ngodaba lwabamhlophe, ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo eziguqukayo zamakhasimende abo.

I-Biodegradable Sunscreens: Ukusebenza kanye Nokwamukelwa Kwemakethe

Izikhilimu zelanga ezingaboli kahle zenzelwe ukuwohloka ngokwemvelo endaweni ezungezile, zehlise umthelela wazo ezinhlelweni zemvelo zasolwandle. Lezi zikhilimu zokuvikela ilanga ngokuvamile zigwema izithako eziyingozi kuma-coral reef nempilo yasolwandle, njenge-oxybenzone ne-octinoxate. Esikhundleni salokho, basebenzisa izithako zemvelo nezemvelo eziphephile esikhumbeni nasemvelweni. Ngokombiko womhlaziyi wemboni ohamba phambili, imakethe yama-sunscreens angaboli ikhula ngokushesha, iqhutshwa ukwanda kokuqwashisa kwabathengi kanye nezinguquko zokulawula ezimakethe ezibalulekile.

Ukusebenza kwemithi yokuvikela ilanga ebolayo kube yisihloko sezingxoxo eziningi. Nakuba okunye ukwakheka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwagxekwa ngokungasebenzi kahle kunozakwabo bamakhemikhali, intuthuko yakamuva ithuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kwayo. Imikhiqizo efana ne-Stream2Sea kanye ne-Raw Elements yenze izikhilimu zelanga ezingaboli kahle ezinikeza ukuvikelwa kwe-UV okuqinile kuyilapho zimnene endaweni ezungezile. Ukwamukelwa kwemakethe kube kuhle kakhulu, lapho abathengi bejabulela izinzuzo ezimbili zokuvikela isikhumba nokongiwa kwemvelo.

Kubathengi bebhizinisi, ukuthola izikhilimu zelanga ezingaboli kungaba yisu elihle lokubhekelela abathengi abaqaphela imvelo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi le mikhiqizo ihlangabezana namazinga aphezulu okusebenza nokuphepha kubalulekile. Ukubambisana nabahlinzeki ababeka kuqala ukubonakala kwesithako nesitifiketi kungasiza ukwakha ukwethembana nokwethembeka phakathi kwamakhasimende aqaphela imvelo.

Ama-Hybrid Formulations: Ukuvikela Ukulinganisa kanye Nomphumela Wendawo

Izikhilimu zelanga ezixubile zihlanganisa okungcono kakhulu kwakho kokubili izikhilimu zelanga zamaminerali namakhemikhali, zinikeza ukuvikeleka okubanzi kuyilapho zinciphisa umthelela wendawo. Lokhu kwakheka kuvame ukusebenzisa ingxube yezihlungi ze-UV zamaminerali namakhemikhali aphephile ukuze kuzuzwe ibhalansi phakathi kokusebenza kahle nolwazi lomsebenzisi. Ngokusho kochwepheshe bezimboni, ama-sunscreens ayingxube athola amandla njengoba ebhekana nokulinganiselwa kwakho kokubili izithasiselo zelanga zamaminerali namakhemikhali, ezifana ne-white cast of mineral sunscreens kanye nokulimala okungaba khona kwemvelo kwamakhemikhali okuvikela ilanga.

Enye yezinzuzo ezibalulekile zokwakheka okuyingxube ikhono labo lokuhlinzeka ngokuvikeleka okuphezulu kwe-SPF ngaphandle kokufaka engcupheni ukuthungwa nokusetshenziswa. Imikhiqizo efana ne-Supergoop! kanye no-Coola bethule ngempumelelo ama-sunscreen ayingxube angasindi, anganamafutha, futhi asebenziseka kalula. Le mikhiqizo yamukelwe kahle ngabathengi abafuna ukuvikeleka kwelanga okuphumelelayo ngaphandle kokushiyeka okuhambisana nokwakheka kwendabuko.

Kubathengi bebhizinisi, ama-sunscreens ayingxube amele ithuba lokunikeza imikhiqizo emisha ehlangabezana nezidingo zabathengi ezahlukahlukene. Ngokuthola kubahlinzeki abahloniphekile abathobela izindinganiso eziqinile zemvelo nezokuphepha, amabhizinisi angaqinisekisa ukuthi ahlinzeka ngemikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu ekhanga isisekelo samakhasimende esibanzi.

Ukubhekana Namaphuzu Obuhlungu Babathengi kanye Nezixazululo Zokunikeza

Ilanga Lokudweba Isikrini Selanga Esithombeni Sasemuva Sengane

Ukukhathazeka Okujwayelekile: Ukuzwela Kwesikhumba kanye Nokungezwani Nomzimba

Ukuzwela kwesikhumba kanye nokungezwani komzimba izinto ezivamile phakathi kwabasebenzisi bokuvikela ilanga. Abathengi abaningi babhekana nokucasuka noma ukuphuma kwegazi lapho besebenzisa izikhilimu ezithile zokuvikela ilanga, ikakhulukazi lezo ezinezihlungi zekhemikhali ze-UV noma amakha. Ngokwezifundo ze-dermatological, ama-sunscreen asekelwe kumaminerali ngokuvamile abekezelelwa kangcono isikhumba esibucayi ngenxa yezithako zawo ezingenasici. Imikhiqizo efana ne-La Roche-Posay ne-Aveeno yenze ukwakheka okuklanyelwe isikhumba esibucayi, okuhlanganisa izithako ezipholile njenge-niacinamide ne-colloidal oatmeal.

Ukuze kubhekwane nalokhu kukhathazeka, abathengi bebhizinisi kufanele babeke eqhulwini ukuthola ama-sunscreens anga-hypoallergenic, anganuki, futhi ahlolelwe isikhumba esibucayi. Ukubambisana nabahlinzeki abahlinzeka ngohlu lwezithako olunemininingwane eminingi kanye nedatha yokuhlolwa komtholampilo kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokusebenza ngempumelelo kwemikhiqizo enikezwa abathengi.

Ukubhekana Nodaba Lwabalingisi Abamhlophe: Izinto Ezintsha Nokunye

Ukufakwa okumhlophe okushiywe ama-sunscreen amaminerali kube yisithiyo esibalulekile ekuthathweni kwawo okusabalele, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanesikhumba esimnyama. Ukwakhiwa okusha, okufana nokusetshenziswa kwe-zinc oxide enziwe nge-micronized noma ye-nano-size ne-titanium dioxide, kusize ukwehlisa ukubonakala kokulingwa okumhlophe. Ukwengeza, ama-sunscreens ane-tinted ahlanganiswe namathoni esikhumba ahlukahlukene asethandwa kakhulu.

Imikhiqizo efana ne-EltaMD ne-Black Girl Sunscreen ilusingathe ngempumelelo udaba lwabalingisi abamhlophe ngemikhiqizo yabo emisha. Kubathengi bebhizinisi, ukunikeza uhla lwezivikeli zelanga zamaminerali ezinemibala egqamile nezingenambala kungabhekelela isisekelo samakhasimende ahlukahlukene, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi bonke abathengi bangathola umkhiqizo ofanela ithoni yesikhumba sabo kanye nezintandokazi zabo.

Ukuqinisekisa Ukuvikelwa Okubanzi Kwe-Spectrum: Izithako Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzibheke

Ukuvikela okubanzi kubalulekile ukuze kuvikelwe isikhumba emisebeni yomibili i-UVA ne-UVB, engabangela ukushiswa yilanga, ukuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kanye nomdlavuza wesikhumba. Izithako ezibalulekile okufanele uzibheke kumakhilimu elanga abanzi zifaka i-zinc oxide, i-titanium dioxide, i-avobenzone, ne-octocrylene. Ngokombiko wochwepheshe, ukwakheka okuhlanganisa lezi zithako kunganikeza ukuvikeleka okuphelele emiphumeleni eyingozi yemisebe ye-UV.

Abathengi bebhizinisi kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi izikhilimu zelanga abazitholayo zilebulwe njengezihlungi ze-UV ezisebenzayo. Ukubambisana nabahlinzeki ababeka kuqala ukubonakala kwesithako futhi bathobela izindinganiso zokulawula kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi nokuphepha kwemikhiqizo enikezwa abathengi.

Imikhiqizo Emisha Nemikhiqizo Emisha Emakethe Ye-Reef Safe Sunscreen

Owesifazane ogqoke i-Orange Bikini

Ukwakhiwa Okuthuthukile: Yini Okusha Nokujabulisayo

Imakethe ye-reef ephephile yokuvikela ilanga ibone ukwakheka okuningana okuhlanganisa ukusebenza kahle nomthwalo wemfanelo wendawo. Ukuqanjwa okusha okufana nezikhilimu zelanga ezingaboli emanzini kanye nezingxube eziyingxube ezinikeza ukuvikeleka okuphezulu kwe-SPF ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali ayingozi ziyazuza ukuduma. Imikhiqizo efana ne-Thinksport kanye ne-All Good yethule imikhiqizo ehlangabezana nesidingo esikhulayo sokuvikela ilanga okusebenzayo nokunobungani kwemvelo.

Kubathengi bebhizinisi, ukuhlala unolwazi ngezinto ezintsha zakamuva kanye nokuhlanganisa le mikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu ekunikeleni kwabo kunganikeza umkhawulo wokuncintisana. Ukubambisana nabahlinzeki abacabanga phambili abatshala imali ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kungasiza amabhizinisi ukuthi ahlale ngaphambi kwamathrendi emakethe.

Ukuqanjwa Kwezinto Ezintsha: Izinketho Ezivumelana Nemvelo Nezilula

Ukupakishwa kwe-Eco-friendly kuba isici esibalulekile emakethe ye-reef ephephile yokuvikela ilanga. Abathengi baya ngokuya befuna imikhiqizo enciphisa umthelela kwezemvelo hhayi nje kuphela ngokubunjwa kwayo kodwa nangokupakishwa kwayo. Ukuqamba okusha okufana nokugaywa kabusha, ukubola kwe-biodegradable, kanye nokupakishwa okugaywa kabusha kuyadlondlobala. Imikhiqizo efana ne-Ethique kanye ne-Plaine Products ibeke izindinganiso ezintsha ngezixazululo zabo zokupakisha ezisimeme.

Abathengi bebhizinisi kufanele bacabangele ukuthola ama-sunscreens afika emaphaketheni e-eco-friendly ukuze ahehe abathengi abaqaphela imvelo. Ukubambisana nabahlinzeki ababeka phambili ukusimama emaphaketheni abo kungathuthukisa isithunzi somkhiqizo futhi kuhehe isisekelo samakhasimende athembekile.

Amabhrendi Asafufusa Ongabukwa: Ubani Oholayo

Amabhrendi amaningana asafufusa enza igxathu elibalulekile emakethe ephephile yokuvikela ilanga. Le mikhiqizo ayigxili nje kuphela ekudaleni imikhiqizo ephumelelayo nehambisana nemvelo kodwa futhi nasekufundiseni abathengi ngokubaluleka kwama-sunscreen aphephile emizileni. Amabhrendi afana ne-Raw Elements kanye ne-Stream2Sea ahamba phambili ngokuklama kwawo okusha nokuzibophezela ekusimameni.

Kubathengi bebhizinisi, ukubeka iso kulawa mabhrendi asafufusa kanye nokuhlanganisa imikhiqizo yawo ohlwini lwazo kungasiza ukuhlangabezana nesidingo esikhulayo sezikhilimu zelanga eziphephile zamatshe. Ukubambisana nalezi zinhlobo kungase futhi kunikeze amathuba emizamo yokumaketha ngokubambisana neyokubambisana.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Zicatshangelwe Lapho Uthola Isikrini Selanga Esiphephile Se-Reef

Owesifazane Obeka I-Sunblock Emuva

Ukungafihli Kwesithako Namazinga Okuqinisekisa

Ukuba sobala kwesithako kuyisici esibalulekile kubathengi lapho bekhetha ama-sunscreen aphephile emizileni. Abathengi bebhizinisi kufanele babeke phambili imikhiqizo ephuma kubahlinzeki abahlinzeka ngohlu lwezithako olunemininingwane eminingi futhi bahambisane namazinga okunikeza izitifiketi njengokuqinisekisa kwe-Environmental Working Group (EWG) noma isitifiketi se-MyMicrobiome. Ngokusho kochwepheshe bezimboni, izitifiketi zingasiza ekwakheni ukwethenjwa kwabathengi futhi ziqinisekise ukuphepha nokusebenza ngempumelelo kwemikhiqizo.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abahlinzeki bathobela izindinganiso zokulawula futhi banikeze ulwazi olusobala mayelana nezithako zabo kungasiza abathengi bebhizinisi banikeze imikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu ehlangabezana nokulindelwe ngabathengi. Ukusebenzisana nabahlinzeki ababeka kuqala ukubonakala kwesithako kungase futhi kuthuthukise idumela lomkhiqizo lokuphepha nokwethembeka.

Ukuhlola Ukwethembeka Komhlinzeki Nemikhuba Yokuziphatha

Ukuthembeka kwabahlinzeki kanye nezinqubo zezimiso zokuziphatha kubalulekile ukucatshangelwa lapho kuthengwa ama-sunscreen aphephile emizileni. Abathengi bebhizinisi kufanele bahlole abangaba abahlinzeki ngempahla ngokusekelwe kurekhodi labo, amakhono okukhiqiza, nokuzibophezela ezinkambisweni zokuziphatha. Ngokombiko wochwepheshe, ukusebenzelana nabahlinzeki ababambelela ezinkambisweni zabasebenzi ezinobulungiswa kanye nokusimama kwemvelo kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuhlinzekwa okungaguquki kwemikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu.

Ukuqhuba inkuthalo efanele kanye nokusungula ubudlelwano besikhathi eside nabahlinzeki abathembekile kungasiza abathengi bebhizinisi ukuthi balondoloze uhlu oluqinile lwezivikeli zelanga eziphephile zezixhobo zokusebenza. Ukusebenzisana nabahlinzeki ababeka kuqala izimiso zokuziphatha kungase futhi kuthuthukise isithunzi somkhiqizo futhi kukhange kubathengi abakhathalela umphakathi.

Izindleko Eziphumelelayo Nezinketho Zokuthenga Ngobuningi

Ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko kuyisici esibalulekile kubathengi bebhizinisi lapho bethola ama-sunscreen aphephile emizileni. Ukuthenga ngobuningi kungasiza ekunciphiseni izindleko futhi kuqinisekise ukutholakala kwemikhiqizo okuzinzile. Ngokusho kwabahlaziyi bezimboni, ukuxoxisana nabahlinzeki ngemibandela evumayo kanye nokuhlola izinketho zokuthenga ngobuningi kungasiza amabhizinisi ukuthi azuze ukonga izindleko futhi athuthukise imingcele yawo yenzuzo.

Abathengi bebhizinisi kufanele bacabangele ukusebenza nabahlinzeki abanikeza amanani ancintisanayo kanye nezinketho zokuthenga eziguquguqukayo. Ukusungula izinkontileka zesikhathi eside nokuthenga ngobuningi kungasiza amabhizinisi ukuthi avikele amadili angcono futhi agcine ukunikezwa okungaguquguquki kwezikhilimu zelanga eziphephile zamadwala.

Ukusonga: Izinto Ezibalulekile Ezithathwayo Zokuthola Isikrini Selanga Se-Reef Safe

Sengiphetha, ukuthola ama-sunscreen aphephile ezixhobo zokusebenza kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kwezinto ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukubonakala kwesithako, ukwethembeka kwabahlinzeki, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko. Ngokuhlala benolwazi mayelana namathrendi emakethe nezinto ezintsha, abathengi bebhizinisi banganikela ngemikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu ehlangabezana nezidingo zabathengi zokuvikela ilanga okusebenzayo nokunobungani kwemvelo. Ukubambisana nabahlinzeki abahloniphekile futhi ukubeka phambili ukusimama kungasiza amabhizinisi akhe ukwethembana nokwethembeka phakathi kwamakhasimende awo, ukuqinisekisa impumelelo yesikhathi eside emakethe yokuncintisana yokuvikela ilanga.

Shiya amazwana

Ikheli lakho le ngeke ishicilelwe. Ezidingekayo ibhalwe *

Skrolela Top