3D zokunyathelisa usuke emsebenzini obizayo nokhethekile waya ephusheni le-hobbyist noma losomabhizinisi. Abantu emhlabeni wonke batshala imali kumaphrinta e-3D ukuze bakhe ubuciko, bashintshe izingcezu okunzima ukuzithola zazo zonke izinhlobo zemishini, ifenisha, nokunye, futhi kwezinye izimo ngisho nokwakha izindlu. Nokho, lapho uqala kusadingeka ukuthenga iphrinta ye-3D ehambisana nezidingo zomuntu oqalayo.
Okuqukethwe
Kuyini ukuphrinta kwe-3D futhi kwasungulwa nini ukuphrinta kwe-3D?
Yini ongayenza ngephrinta ye-3D?
Yini okufanele uyibheke lapho uthenga amaphrinta e-3D wabaqalayo
Kungani ugcina amaphrinta e-3D manje?
Kuyini ukuphrinta kwe-3D futhi kwasungulwa nini ukuphrinta kwe-3D?
Kuze kube ngu-1981 ukunyathelisa kwakunezinhlangothi ezimbili kuphela, noma i-2D; ukudlulisa okulula kwesithombe noma umbhalo ephepheni noma ekhadini eliyisicaba. Nokho, ngo-1981, u-Hideo Kodama wadala iphrinta yokuqala yama-prototypes anezinhlangothi ezintathu, noma i-3D. Uzuze lokhu ngokwendlalela amaphrinti amaningi e-2D, noma amaphrinti ayisicaba, phezu kwamanye ukuze akhe izilinganiso ezi-3. Ngokuqondakalayo, yena nalabo abanweba ekusunguleni kwakhe bavikele le mpumelelo ngamalungelo obunikazi, okwenza kungafinyeleleki kwabaningi kwaze kwaba sekuqaleni kwawo-2000.
Kusukela ngo-2005, osomabhizinisi basebenzise ithuba lokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwelungelo lobunikazi. Baqala ukudala amaphrinta e-3D athengekayo, okuholele ekuthuthukisweni kokwakha zonke izinhlobo zezinto ze-3D ngokubeka izingqimba nokupakisha izinto eziphrintiwe ze-2D. Baphinde banweba izinhlobo zezinto ezingasetshenziswa, kanye nobukhulu bamaphrinta namapuleti okwakha okunyathelisa okukhulu. Lokhu kuholele kuhlu olukhulu lwezinhlelo zokusebenza zephrinta ye-3D zabaqalayo nezingcweti ngokufanayo.
Yini ongayenza ngephrinta ye-3D?
Nakuba ekuqaleni kwadalelwa ukwakha ama-prototypes ngokushesha, ngempumelelo, futhi ngezindleko eziphansi, amaphrinta anamuhla e-3D akhiqiza ukuphrinta kwekhwalithi ephezulu kusetshenziswa uxhaxha olubanzi lwezinto ezinhlotsheni ezibanzi zezinhlelo zokusebenza. Ezinye zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa:
- Ama-Prosthetics kanye nezimila: Ukuphrinta kwe-3D kwenze ama-prosthetics ahlanganisiwe, okuhlanganisa izitho namazinyo, athengekayo futhi asheshe ukukhiqiza. Ukwengeza, ukuskena nokuphrinta kusetshenziswa i-CAD (umklamo osizwa ngekhompyutha) kusho ukufaneleka nokunethezeka okungcono ezigulini. Ngokuthuthuka kwezinto ezisetshenziswa ekuphrinteni, singase futhi sibone izitho eziphelele ziphrintwa nge-3D ngokuzayo.
- Izindawo zokubuyiselwa: Izingxenye ezishintshayo zokuphrinta ze-3D zinciphisa isikhathi nezindleko zaleyo mishini yokulungisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kungasho ukuphila okude kwemishini nezimoto ezindala njengoba izingxenye ezingasasetshenziswa zinganyatheliswa.
- Izindawo zokukhosela nezinye izakhiwo: Amaphrinta amakhulu manje asesetshenziselwa ukuphrinta ngokushesha nangokushibhile izindawo zokukhosela, izibhedlela, nezinye izakhiwo ezindaweni zezinhlekelele. Zibuye zisetshenziselwe ukuphrinta amakhaya amancane abantu abangenamakhaya futhi zingase zisetshenziswe emkhathini ukugwema ukusebenzisa abasebenzi endaweni eyingozi.
- Clothing: Amaphrinta e-3D angakwazi futhi ukuphrinta izindwangu, okusho ukulingana ngokwezifiso okwengeziwe kanye nemiklamo, kanye nokumoshwa kwempahla encane. Le niche ithuthuka ngaso sonke isikhathi njengoba abaculi benza izinto ezintsha ezifanelana nokunyakaza komzimba kanye nemfashini.
- Izinto zokufundisa kanye nezakhiwo: Amaphrinta e-3D nawo asetshenziselwa ukwakha izinto ze-3D zezikole, ezifana namamephu wesimo sezulu, amadayinaso noma izinhlamvu, nokuningi.
- Ukudla: Amaphrinta e-3D angakwazi nokubhekana namaseli, ososayensi manje abazama ukuphrinta inyama edliwayo nemifino kumalebhu besebenzisa amaphrinta e-3D. Okungeyona impikiswano kungaba ukusetshenziswa kwamaphrinta e-3D ukuphrinta ipasta eyenziwe ngokwezifiso kanye nezithombe ezibaziwe zikashokoledi.
➕ Hlola anhlobonhlobo amaphrinta e-3D anama-MOQ aphansi
Yini okufanele uyibheke lapho uthenga amaphrinta e-3D wabaqalayo
Lapho ugcina amaphrinta e-3D angcono kakhulu kwabaqalayo, into yokuqala okufanele uyazi ukuthi "yini inhloso yale phrinta ye-3D?" Impendulo yalo mbuzo izosiza ukunquma amaphuzu amanani, usayizi, izici, izidingo zezinto ezibonakalayo, nokuningi.
Isibonelo, usomabhizinisi ofuna ukuphrinta i-3D izinto ezinkulu ezizothengiswa kabusha uzodinga iphrinta ye-3D enkulu enamandla omthamo wokwakha omkhulu, kanye nokufinyelela kububanzi obubanzi bezinto zokuphrinta nesofthiwe ehambisanayo. Umuntu othanda ukuzilibazisa ofuna ukuphrinta imifanekiso ye-3D noma amamephu, okwamanje, angase ajabule ngephrinta ye-3D esebenziseka kalula futhi engabizi enezinto zokuphrinta ezincane kanye nokuhambisana nesofthiwe ebiza kancane.
Ngokungenhla engqondweni, lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngezici ezibalulekile okufanele uzibheke lapho uthenga amaphrinta e-3D ahamba phambili kwabaqalayo - kwabathanda ukuzilibazisa nosomabhizinisi.
Ukusebenziseka kalula kumaphrinta we-3D kwabaqalayo
Noma iyiphi iphrinta ye-3D eyisiqalo esihle kufanele ibe nezici ezisebenziseka kalula kanye nenqubo yokuphrinta elula. Lokhu kusho umbhobho olungiseka kalula kanye nepuleti lokwakha ukuze uthole amaleveli alungile okuphrinta kwakho; izindlela ezilula zokulayisha nokukhipha i-filament; kanye nokuhambisana namakhompuyutha ahlukahlukene kanye nesofthiwe esebenziseka kalula, njenge-Tinkercad noma i-Blender. Khumbula ukuhlola ukuthi isofthiwe iyahambisana kokubili iphrinta nedeskithophu.
Kufanele futhi ibe nesixhumi esibonakalayo esisebenziseka kalula kanye nezingxenye okulula ukuzihlanza njenge-nozzle ne-extruder. Amanye amaphrinta we-3D angcono kakhulu wabaqalayo anezici ezizenzakalelayo, ezifana nokuleveliswa kombhede wokuphrinta okuzenzakalelayo ukuze ulungise ubude bomlomo nepuleti lokuphrinta lokuphrinta okunemba okuphezulu kwezingxenye ezincane noma izinto ezinkulu. Iziphakeli ze-auto-filament zizoqinisekisa ukuthi i-filament idonselwa kalula kuphrinta ye-3D yi-extruder, imise noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka ngesikhathi sokuphrinta.
Izindleko eziphansi zamaphrinta wezinga lokungena le-3D
Kubalulekile ukucabangela izindleko zephrinta ye-3D kanye nesofthiwe ongayisebenzisa njengoba iphrinta ye-3D eyisiqalo esihle kufanele ibe yinto ethengekayo. Kungenzeka ukuthi uma uqala, abaqalayo bephrinta ye-3D bazokwenza amaphutha noma baphule iphrinta yabo, okusho isidingo samaphuzu amanani ahlukene njengoba abathanda ukuzilibazisa besuka kwabasanda kuhlanganyela baye kochwepheshe bokuphrinta kwe-3D. Amanye amaphrinta we-3D asebenziseka kalula angabiza amadola angamakhulu ambalwa noma kufika ezinkulungwaneni ezimbalwa zamadola, kuye ngosayizi nekhwalithi yamaphrinti, kanye nezinto eziphrintwayo.
Ukwengeza, lapho kucutshungulwa isabelomali, abasebenzisi kufanele bacabangele izindleko zamandla; i-hardware (ama-PC) kanye nezindleko zesofthiwe (umklamo); izindleko zangemuva kokukhiqiza ezihlanganisa ukuhlanzwa kwephrinta namathuluzi okuqeda umkhiqizo; kanye nezindleko zokunakekela. Okokugcina, amanani ezinto ezibonakalayo abaluleke kakhulu ukucatshangelwa njengoba ezinye izinto zokunyathelisa zibiza kakhulu kunezinye.
Izinto zokuphrinta zamaphrinta e-3D aqala kahle
Umuntu osanda kungena ekunyatheliseni kwe-3D ngokuvamile uzoqala ngezinto ezishibhile, eziqinile ukuze azilolonge ngaphandle kokwenza umonakalo omkhulu noma ukuchitha imali eningi. Ngalesi sizathu, iningi lamaphrinta e-3D angabizi kakhulu futhi angcono kakhulu kwabaqalayo azosebenza ngama-thermoplastics aqinile futhi kulula ukuwaphrinta njenge-ABS, i-PETG, i-PLA, ne-Polyamide (inayiloni). Lezi zinsiza ziqinile futhi zishibhile, zibiza cishe u-$20 i-spool, futhi zingakhishwa kumaphrinta amaningi e-3D esiqalo esihle.
Ngaphandle kwalezi kuyizinto ezisetshenziswayo ezilula nezithengekayo, abanye abasaqalayo bangahle baqale uhambo lwabo lokuphrinta lwe-3D ngenjongo ethile, okusho ukuthi bazodinga izinto ezithile. I-ASA iyimpahla enhle yokunyathelisa izinto zangaphandle ngenxa yokushisa kwayo okuphezulu nokumelana ne-UV; i-ceramic inhle kakhulu ngobumba noma ubuciko; izinsimbi zingaba izinketho ezinhle zokushintshwa kwezingxenye; futhi inhlaka iyindlela enhle yobucwebe noma izinto ezidinga ukumelana namakhemikhali, njengemishini yezokwelapha. Ezinye zezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu abasebenzisi abathuthuke kakhulu zifaka i-PC nezinto eziguquguqukayo njengoba kunzima kakhulu ukuziphrinta.
Izici zokuphepha
Ngisho namaphrinta e-3D alula kakhulu, kubalulekile ukucabangela izici zokuphepha ukuze ugweme ukushisa ngokweqile noma ukushiswa. Izici ezimbili okufanele uziqaphele ukuvikela emzileni wezindiza oshisayo nokuvikela ukushisisa umlomo wombhobho. Lokhu kuzosiza ukugwema ukushisa ngokweqile kwezingxenye zephrinta kanye nomlilo ongaba khona. Kodwa-ke, njengoba imililo yenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile, kuwukuhlakanipha ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikesi lephrinta ye-3D lenziwe ngezinto ezibamba ilangabi.
Esinye isici esingaba usizo ukumuncwa kwegesi, njengoba amakhemikhali ezinto ezihlukahlukene ezinyatheliswa amaphrinta e-3D (ikakhulukazi amapulasitiki) akhipha amagesi angaba nomthelela wesikhathi eside empilweni. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kubalulekile futhi ukuphrinta ezindaweni ezinomoya omuhle nokusebenzisa izinto zokuzivikela ezifanele.
Umphakathi nokusekelwa
Uma abathanda ukuphrinta be-3D abasha bethenga enye yeziqalisi ezinhle kakhulu zamaphrinta e-3D emakethe, bavame ukucabanga ukuthi kuzoba iphrinta ye-3D elula ukuyisebenzisa, kodwa abafundi bazohlala behlangabezana nezikhubekiso. Yingakho kubalulekile ukunikeza amaphrinta e-3D anikeza inethiwekhi enhle yosekelo nomphakathi.
Ukusekela nezeluleko kungatholakala ezisekelweni eziku-inthanethi ezifana ne-Reddit ne-Discord, kanye namawebhusayithi abakhiqizi kanye nezikhungo zabo zezingcingo. Nokho, lokhu kungenzeka kuphela uma iphrinta ye-3D okukhulunywa ngayo yaziwa kahle futhi isidayiswe izikhathi eziningi. Uma abantu beba nephrinta ethile ye-3D, kuzoba khona usekelo olungcono lwayo, okusho ukuthi lawa azoba amaphrinta ahamba phambili e-3D. Iphrinta ye-3D eshibhe kakhulu ingase ilinge, kodwa izoba yize uma umsebenzisi ebambekile futhi engakwazi ukuthola usekelo. Cabangela ukubeka amaphrinta athandwayo asebenziseka kalula avela kubakhiqizi abahlanganisa i-Bambu Lab, i-AnkerMake, ne-Elegoo Mars.
Kungani ugcina amaphrinta e-3D manje?
Ngenxa yokuncipha kwezindleko kanye nokusebenziseka kalula okuthuthukisiwe, amaphrinta we-3D wabaqalayo akhuphuka kancane ekudumeni. Manje zithengwa abantu abazilibazisa ekhaya, osomabhizinisi, namabhizinisi abheke ukuzuza ekululameni nasekushesheni kwemikhiqizo yokuphrinta, ama-prototypes, noma amamodeli. Kakhulu, eqinisweni, ukuthi ikota yesithathu ka-2023 yabonisa rekhoda ukuthengiswa kumaphrinta we-3D. Imakethe yephrinta yedeskithophu ye-3D manje kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule ibe $ 21 billion by 2030.
Selokhu yavela ngo-1981, ukuphrinta kwe-3D bekungafinyeleleki kwabaningi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungenxa yamalungelo obunikazi, izindleko eziphezulu, noma ubunzima bokusebenzisa. Namuhla, njengoba amanani ehla futhi ukusetshenziswa kalula kukhuphuka, ukuphrinta kwe-3D ekugcineni kufinyelela uquqaba. Ngokuthengiswa kwamaphrinta we-3D angcono kakhulu wabaqalayo okubikezelwe ukuthi azokhuphuka kancane, manje isikhathi sokuwanikeza.
