Intuthuko yakamuva kubuchwepheshe be-fiber laser iguqule izimboni, okwenza u-2025 ube unyaka obalulekile kubathengi bebhizinisi. Lesi sihloko sidingida izici ezibucayi zokukhetha umqophi we-fiber laser okahle, enikeza ukuhlaziya okujulile kanye nesiqondiso esisebenzayo. Abathengi abangochwepheshe bazothola imininingwane ebalulekile yokwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi, bathuthukise amasu abo okuthenga.
Okuqukethwe:
-I-Fiber Laser Engraver Market Overview
-Ukuhlaziya Okuningiliziwe kanye Nemininingwane Yezobuchwepheshe Kuma-Fiber Laser Engravers
-Izici Eziyinhloko Lapho Ukhetha I-Fiber Laser Engraver
-Osayizi abatholakalayo namamodeli
Izici -Latest Technology
-Price Range kanye Budget Ukucatshangelwa
-Yakha Ikhwalithi Nokuqina
-Ukucatshangelwa Okufanayo Kwezisetshenziswa Zokucubungula I-Laser
-Ukuthobela Ukulawula kanye Namazinga Omkhakha
-Inkimbinkimbi yokusetha kokuqala
-Ukuhambisana nokuthuthukiswa kwekusasa
-Imicabango yokugcina
I-Fiber Laser Engraver Market Overview
Imakethe ye-fiber laser engraver ikhule kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva futhi kulindeleke ukuthi igcine inkambiso yayo ephezulu. Ngo-2025, usayizi wemakethe yomhlaba wonke wabaqophi be-fiber laser kulindeleke ukuthi ufinyelele ku-USD 5.8 billion, ngenani lokukhula elihlanganisiwe lonyaka (CAGR) lika-9.8% ukusuka ngo-2020 kuya ku-2025. Lokhu kukhula kubangelwa ukukhuphuka kwesidingo kuyo yonke imikhakha efana nezimoto, i-aerospace, electronics, nokunakekelwa kwezempilo.
Isifunda sase-Asia-Pacific sihola imakethe, sibala cishe ama-40% emali engenayo yomhlaba. Lokhu kukhula kungenxa yokukhula ngokushesha kwezimboni, ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe, kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okubalulekile kwingqalasizinda yokukhiqiza. INyakatho Melika kanye ne-Europe nazo zinezabelo zemakethe ezinkulu, ezikhuliswe ngamazinga aphezulu okutholwa kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuthuthukile nokuba khona okuqinile kwabadlali bemakethe ababalulekile.
Ukunwetshwa kwemakethe kusekelwa futhi ukusetshenziswa okwandayo kwe-fiber laser engravers ekukhiqizeni okunembayo nokucubungula izinto ezibonakalayo. Izimboni ezidinga imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi kanye nokumaka okuhlala isikhathi eside, okufana nogesi kanye nemishini yezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi ziqhubekisele phambili isidingo sezixazululo eziqoshiwe ezinesivinini esikhulu, ezinembayo.
Ukuhlaziywa Okuningiliziwe kanye Nemininingwane Yobuchwepheshe Kuma-Fiber Laser Engravers
Abaqophi be-fiber laser bakhiqiza okuqoshwe okusezingeni eliphezulu, okunembayo ezintweni ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa izinsimbi, amapulasitiki, nezitsha zobumba. Amabhentshimakhi okusebenza angukhiye afaka ikhwalithi ephezulu yebhimu (M² <1.1), amandla okukhipha amandla asuka ku-20W kuya ku-100W, kanye namaza obude bokusebenza azungeze u-1064 nm. Lezi zici zivumela abaqophi be-fiber laser ukuthi bathole ukunemba okuphezulu nesivinini uma kuqhathaniswa namalaser endabuko e-CO2.
Imakethe iyaqhudelana, enabadlali abaphambili abafana ne-IPG Photonics, TRUMPF, kanye ne-Coherent Corp. Lezi zinkampani zigxila ekusunguleni okusha okuqhubekayo nokuthuthukisa amasistimu e-laser athuthukile. Isibonelo, i-IPG Photonics yethule ama-laser wefayibha anamandla aphezulu anekhwalithi ethuthukisiwe ye-beam nokusebenza kahle ukuze ahlangabezane nesidingo sezixazululo eziqoshiwe ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.
Imithelela yezomnotho efana nokuphushela ku-automation kanye ne-Industrial 4.0 ibe nomthelela omkhulu emakethe ye-fiber laser engraver. Amabhizinisi aya ngokuya emukela izinhlelo zokuqopha ezizenzakalelayo ukuze athuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza nokunciphisa izindleko zabasebenzi. Ukwengeza, ukushintshela ekusimameni kuholele ekuthuthukisweni kwezinhlelo ze-laser ezonga amandla ezinciphisa umthelela wemvelo.
Amathrendi okuziphatha kwabathengi akhombisa ukuthanda okukhulayo kwemikhiqizo engenziwa ngokwezifiso nenemba okuphezulu, okuqhuba isidingo se-fiber laser engravers ezimakethe ze-niche. Isibonelo, imboni yobucwebe incike kulaba baqophi ukuze bathole imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi kanye nokuqoshwa komuntu siqu. Ngokufanayo, imboni yemishini yezokwelapha isebenzisa i-fiber lasers ukumaka nokuqopha izingxenye ezibalulekile ngokunemba okuphezulu nokwethembeka.
Izinto ezintsha zakamuva emakethe zihlanganisa ukuhlanganisa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI) kanye nama-algorithms wokufunda komshini (ML) ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinqubo zokuqopha. Lezi ntuthuko zinika amandla ukuqapha kanye nokulungiswa kwesikhathi sangempela, ukuthuthukisa ukunemba nokunciphisa ukumoswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Ukwengeza, i-digitalization kanye nezinhlelo ze-laser ezinikwe amandla yi-IoT zivumela ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo nokugeleza komsebenzi wokukhiqiza, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokusebenza kanye namakhono okuhlaziya idatha.
Njengoba imakethe ithuthuka, ukubhekana nezinhlungu zamakhasimende njengezindleko eziphezulu zokuqala kanye nezidingo zokunakekela kuhlala kubalulekile. Izinkampani zigxile ekunikezeni amaphakheji esevisi aphelele kanye nezinketho zezimali zokwenza imibhalo eqoshwe nge-laser ye-fiber ethuthukisiwe ifinyeleleke kalula kuhlu olubanzi lwamabhizinisi. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo ze-laser ezihlangene neziphathwayo zibhekelela izidingo zamabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo (ama-SME), okuqhubekisela phambili ukukhula kwemakethe.
Izinto Ezibalulekile Lapho Ukhetha I-Fiber Laser Engraver
Izinhlobo Nezitayela
Lapho ukhetha i-fiber laser engraver, cabangela izinhlobo ezahlukene nezitayela ezitholakalayo. Imiqophi ye-fiber laser ingahlukaniswa ngamamodeli aphathekayo, ebhentshini, nawezimboni. Amamodeli aphathekayo alula futhi ahlangene, alungele ukusebenza endaweni lapho ukuhamba kubalulekile. Amamodeli e-benchtop anikeza ibhalansi phakathi kokuphatheka namandla, afanele ama-workshops amancane naphakathi nendawo. Amamodeli ezimboni aklanyelwe izindawo zokukhiqiza zevolumu ephezulu, ezihlinzeka ngokusebenza okuqinile nokuqina.
Ukukhethwa kohlobo nesitayela kunomthelela ekusebenzeni kahle kanye nobubanzi bokusetshenziswa komqophi. Isibonelo, amamodeli ezimboni avame ukuba nezici ezithuthukile njengamasistimu okuphatha izinto ezizenzakalelayo, athuthukisa ukukhiqiza kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zabasebenzi. Amamodeli e-benchtop angase afake izixhumanisi zokusebenzelana ezisebenziseka kalula kanye nesofthiwe yokulawula okunembile phezu kwemingcele yokuqoshwa, kuyilapho amamodeli aphathekayo elungiselelwa ukusetshenziswa kalula nokusethwa ngokushesha.
Ukusebenza kanye nokusebenza
Amamethrikhi okusebenza afana nokukhishwa kwamandla, isivinini sokuqoshwa, nokunemba kubalulekile lapho kuhlolwa isiqophi se-fiber laser. Amandla aphumayo, akalwa ngama-watt, anquma ikhono lomqophi lokusingatha izinto ezihlukahlukene nobukhulu. Amamodeli ama-wattage aphezulu angaqopha izinto eziwugqinsi neziqinile njengezinsimbi, kuyilapho amamodeli wamanzi aphansi afanele izinto ezithambile ezifana namapulasitiki nokhuni.
Isivinini sokuqopha, esikalwa ngamamilimitha ngomzuzwana (mm/s), sithinta ukuphuma nokusebenza kahle kwenqubo yokuqopha. Amamodeli athuthukile anikezela ngamakhono okuqopha anesivinini esikhulu, abalulekile ukuze ahlangabezane nezinsuku eziqinile zokukhiqiza. Ukunemba kungenye into ebalulekile, enamamodeli asezingeni eliphezulu ahlinzeka ngokunemba kwezinga le-micron, eqinisekisa ukuthi imiklamo enemininingwane neyinkimbinkimbi ikhiqizwa kabusha ngokwethembeka.
Design
Idizayini ye-fiber laser engraver ingaba nomthelela ekuhlanganisweni kwayo ekuhambeni komsebenzi okukhona kanye nolwazi lomsebenzisi. Imiklamo ye-ergonomic eyenza kube lula ukufinyelela endaweni yokusebenza, amaphaneli okulawula anembile, nezilungiselelo ezingenziwa ngendlela oyifisayo zingathuthukisa kakhulu ukunethezeka komsebenzisi nokukhiqiza.
Abaqophi besimanje be-fiber laser bavame ukufaka imiklamo ehlangene enciphisa umkhondo odingekayo endaweni yokusebenzela. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezinendawo elinganiselwe. Amanye amamodeli aklanywe ngezingxenye ze-modular, okuvumela ukuthuthukiswa nokugcinwa kalula.
Imininingwane Technical
Ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe okufana nobude beza, ikhwalithi yebhimu, namasistimu okupholisa adlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni nasekuthembekeni komqophi we-fiber laser. Ubude begagasi be-laser, ngokuvamile obuba ngu-1064 nm wama-fiber lasers, buthinta izici zokumuncwa kwezinto ezihlukene, bube nomthelela kwikhwalithi nokusebenza kahle kwenqubo yokuqopha.
Ikhwalithi ye-beam, evame ukumelwa isici se-M2, inquma ukugxila kwe-laser beam. Inani eliphansi le-M2 libonisa ugongolo lwekhwalithi ephezulu olungagxilwa kusayizi wendawo omncane, okuholela emininingwaneni eqoshiwe ecolekile. Amasistimu okupholisa asebenzayo, noma ngabe umoya noma amanzi, abalulekile ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza okuzinzile nokwelula isikhathi sokuphila sezingxenye ze-laser.
Amazinga Okuphepha kanye Nezitifiketi
Ukuhambisana namazinga okuphepha kanye nezitifiketi kubalulekile uma ukhetha umqophi we-fiber laser. Le mishini ihlukaniswa ngokusekelwe ezingozini ezingase zibe khona, kanti Ikilasi 1 liphephe kakhulu futhi Ikilasi 4 lidinga izinyathelo zokuphepha eziqinile. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umqophi uthobela izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe njenge-IEC 60825 yokuphepha kwe-laser kanye nezitifiketi ezifanele ze-ISO zekhwalithi yokukhiqiza kubalulekile.
Izici zokuphepha njengamasistimu e-interlock, izindawo ezivalekile, nezinkinobho zokumisa izimo eziphuthumayo zibalulekile ekuvimbeleni izingozi nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile. Amamanyuwali aphelele abasebenzisi nezinsiza zokuqeqesha ezinikezwe umenzi zingasiza opharetha baqonde futhi banciphise ubungozi obungaba khona.
Osayizi Abatholakalayo namamodeli
Imiqophi ye-fiber laser iza ngosayizi namamodeli ahlukahlukene, ibhekelela izidingo zokusebenza ezihlukene. Amamodeli ahlangene enzelwe imisebenzi emincane nendawo yokusebenza elinganiselwe, enikeza ukuphatheka nokusebenziseka kalula. Lawa mamodeli alungele amabhizinisi amancane, abathanda ukuzilibazisa, noma ama-workshop anezingqinamba zesikhala. Naphezu kobukhulu bawo obuncane, amamodeli amaningi ahlangene awafaki engozini ukusebenza, anikeza ukunemba okuphezulu namandla anele ochungechunge lwezinto.
Amamodeli anosayizi omaphakathi afanele amabhizinisi adinga ibhalansi phakathi kwamandla nesikhala. Lawa mamodeli avame ukuza nezici ezithuthukisiwe njengezindawo zokusebenza ezinkulu, ukuphuma kwamandla aphezulu, namandla esoftware athuthukile. Aguquguquka futhi angakwazi ukuphatha uhla olubanzi lwezinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye nezicelo, okuwenza abe yinketho edumile emabhizinisini aphakathi nendawo.
Amamodeli amakhulu ezimboni aklanyelwe izindawo zokukhiqiza umthamo ophezulu. Lawa mamodeli anezindawo zokusebenza ezibanzi, ukuphuma kwamandla aphezulu, nokwakhiwa okuqinile ukumelana nokusebenza okuqhubekayo. Afakwe izici ezithuthukisiwe ezizenzakalelayo, njengamasistimu okuthutha kanye nezingalo zamarobhothi, ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqiza nokunciphisa ukungenelela okwenziwa ngesandla. Amamodeli ezimboni alungele izikhungo ezinkulu zokukhiqiza ezidinga ukuqoshwa okungaguquki, okusezingeni eliphezulu ezintweni ezahlukahlukene.
Izici Zobuchwepheshe Zakamuva
Imiqophi yakamuva ye-fiber laser ihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza, ukunemba, nolwazi lomsebenzisi. Izinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe zokulawula ukunyakaza, njengezikena ze-galvanometer, zinikeza ukuma kwe-laser ngesivinini esiphezulu nokunembile, okuvumela imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi neyinkimbinkimbi. Lawa masistimu abalulekile ezinhlelweni ezidinga ukunemba okuphezulu nesivinini, esifana nemishini emincane kanye nokuqoshwa okuningiliziwe.
Ukuhlanganiswa nesoftware ye-CAD/CAM kuvumela ukuklama okungenamthungo nezinqubo zokuqopha. Abaqophi besimanje bafika nezindawo zokusebenzelana ezisebenziseka kalula nokuhambisana nesofthiwe yokuklama edumile, okuvumela opharetha ukuthi bangenise kalula futhi bahlele imiklamo. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwenza kube lula ukuhamba komsebenzi futhi kunciphisa isikhathi esidingekayo sokusetha nokulungiswa kwedizayini.
Amanye amamodeli afaka amasistimu okuqapha kanye nokuxilonga ngesikhathi sangempela. Lawa masistimu ahlinzeka ngempendulo eqhubekayo ekusebenzeni komshini, axwayisa opharetha ngezinkinga ezingaba khona ngaphambi kokuba zibe bucayi. Leli khono lokunakekela elibikezelayo lisiza ukunciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula futhi andise ubude bempilo bomqophi.
Ibanga Lamanani Nokucatshangelwa Kwesabelomali
Ibanga lentengo le-fiber laser engravers liyahluka kakhulu ngokuya ngosayizi, amandla, izici, kanye nohlobo lwazo. Amamodeli ezinga lokungena afanele amabhizinisi amancane noma abathanda ukuzilibazisa angasukela ku-$5,000 kuya ku-$15,000. Lawa mamodeli ahlinzeka ngokusebenza okuyisisekelo futhi alungele ukusetshenziswa kokukhanya kuya kokumaphakathi. Bahlinzeka ngesixazululo esingabizi kakhulu kumabhizinisi afuna ukufaka umbhalo we-laser ngaphandle kokutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu.
Amamodeli ebanga elimaphakathi, anenani eliphakathi kuka-$15,000 no-$50,000, anikeza izici ezithuthukisiwe ezifana nokuphuma kwamandla aphezulu, izindawo zokusebenza ezinkulu, namandla esofthiwe athuthukile. Lawa mamodeli afanele amabhizinisi aphakathi nendawo adinga ibhalansi phakathi kwezindleko nokusebenza. Zinikeza ukuqina okungcono futhi zingakwazi ukuphatha uhla olubanzi lwezinto ezisetshenziswayo nezinhlelo zokusebenza.
Izinhlobo zezimboni ezisezingeni eliphezulu zingasukela ku-$50,000 ziye ngaphezu kwama-$200,000. Lawa mamodeli enzelwe izindawo zokukhiqiza zevolumu ephezulu futhi eza nezici ezizenzakalelayo ezithuthukisiwe, ukuphuma kwamandla aphezulu, nokwakhiwa okuqinile. Banikeza izinga eliphezulu lokusebenza nokuthembeka, okubenza bafaneleke izindawo ezinkulu zokukhiqiza ezidinga ukuqoshwa okungaguquki, okusezingeni eliphezulu.
Yakha Ikhwalithi Nokuqina
Ikhwalithi yokwakha nokuqina komqophi we-fiber laser yizici ezibalulekile ezithonya ukusebenza kwayo nokuphila isikhathi eside. Izinto zokwakha zekhwalithi ephezulu, njengensimbi yezinga lezimboni ne-aluminium, ziqinisekisa ukuthi umqophi uyakwazi ukumelana nobunzima bokusebenza okuqhubekayo. Ikhwalithi yokwakha eqinile inciphisa ubungozi bokuhluleka kwemishini futhi inwebe isikhathi sokuphila somshini.
Ukuqina kuphinde kuthonywe ikhwalithi yezingxenye ezisetshenziswe kumqophi. Imithombo ye-laser yekhwalithi ephezulu, i-optics, nezinhlelo zokulawula ukunyakaza zifaka isandla ekusebenzeni okungaguquki nokunciphisa izidingo zokulungisa. Ukugcinwa okuvamile nokusetshenziswa ngendlela efanele kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukuqina komqophi.
Abakhiqizi bavame ukuhlinzeka ngamawaranti nezivumelwano zesevisi ezihlanganisa izingxenye nabasebenzi isikhathi esithile. Lezi ziqinisekiso zinikeza ukuthula kwengqondo nokuvikelwa ezindlekweni zokulungisa ezingalindelekile. Ukwengeza, abakhiqizi abanedumela lekhwalithi nokuthembeka kungenzeka ukuthi bakhiqize imiqophi eqinile nehlala isikhathi eside.
Ukucatshangelwa Okufanayo Kwezisetshenziswa Zokucubungula I-Laser
Lapho ucubungula okokusebenza kwe-laser, izici ezifanayo ezifana nokusebenza, ukusebenza, kanye nekhwalithi yokwakha zibalulekile. Imishini yokucubungula i-laser, okuhlanganisa imishini yokusika nokushisela, nayo idinga ukuhlolwa ngokucophelela kokuphuma kwamandla, isivinini, nokunemba. Ukukhethwa kohlobo lwe-laser, olufana ne-CO2 noma i-Nd:YAG, luthinta ukufaneleka kwemishini ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo ezihlukene kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza.
Izici ezizenzakalelayo, njengezilawuli ze-CNC nezingalo zerobhothi, zithuthukisa ukukhiqiza futhi zinciphise ukungenelela okwenziwa ngesandla. Lezi zici zibaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni zokukhiqiza ezinevolumu ephezulu lapho ukusebenza kahle nokuvumelana kubalulekile. Izindinganiso zokuphepha nezitifiketi nazo zibalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuphephile nokuhambisana nemithetho yemboni.
Ukuthobela Ukulawula kanye Namazinga Omkhakha
Ukuthobela imithetho kanye nokubambelela kumazinga emboni kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha, ukusebenza, nokwethembeka kweziqopha nge-fiber laser. Ukuthobelana namazinga afana ne-IEC 60825 yokuphepha kwe-laser kanye nezitifiketi ze-ISO zekhwalithi yokukhiqiza kuqinisekisa ukuthi umqophi uhlangabezana nemibandela eqinile yokuphepha nokusebenza. Abakhiqizi abanamathela kulawa mazinga banikeza isiqinisekiso sekhwalithi nokwethembeka.
Izindinganiso zemboni nazo zinethonya ekwakhiweni nasekusebenzeni komqophi. Isibonelo, ukuhambisana nezidingo zokumaka i-CE kukhombisa ukuthi umqophi uhlangabezana namazinga e-European Union okuphepha, ezempilo kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Lezi zitifiketi zibalulekile kumabhizinisi asebenza ezimakethe ezilawulwayo futhi ezidinga ukuthotshelwa kwezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe.
Inkimbinkimbi Yokusetha Yokuqala
Ubunkimbinkimbi bokusetha kokuqala bungahluka ngokusekelwe kumodeli nezici ze-fiber laser engraver. Amamodeli ezinga lokungena ngokuvamile adizayinelwe ukuthi asebenziseke kalula futhi amiswe ngokushesha, awenze afaneleke amabhizinisi amancane nabazilibazisayo. Lawa mamodeli avame ukuza nemiyalo enemininingwane yokusetha kanye nezindawo ezisebenziseka kalula ezenza inqubo yokufaka ibe lula.
Amamodeli ebanga eliphakathi nendawo nasezingeni eliphezulu angadinga izinqubo zokusetha eziyinkimbinkimbi, okuhlanganisa ukulinganisa, ukufakwa kwesofthiwe, nokuhlanganiswa namasistimu akhona. Abakhiqizi bavame ukuhlinzeka ngosekelo lobuchwepheshe nezinsiza zokuqeqesha ukuze basize ngenqubo yokusetha. Ukusethwa okufanele kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle nokuvimbela izinkinga ezingaba khona ngesikhathi sokusebenza.
Ukuhambisana Nokuthuthukiswa Kwekusasa
Ukuhambisana nokuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi esizayo kuwukucatshangelwa okubalulekile kwamabhizinisi afuna ukutshala imali kuma-fiber laser engravers. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, ikhono lokuthuthukisa izingxenye nesofthiwe kunganweba isikhathi sokuphila komqophi futhi kuthuthukise amakhono ayo. Imiklamo ye-modular evumela ukushintshwa okulula nokuthuthukiswa kwezingxenye zizuzisa kakhulu.
Abakhiqizi abahlinzeka ngezibuyekezo zesofthiwe ezivamile kanye nosekelo lwezici ezintsha baqinisekisa ukuthi umqophi uhlala usesikhathini samanje nobuchwepheshe bamuva. Ukuhambisana nokuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi esizayo kuphinde kunikeze ukuguquguquka kwamabhizinisi ukuthi azivumelanise nezimfuneko zokukhiqiza ezishintshayo futhi afake imisebenzi emisha njengoba kudingeka.
Imicabango Final
Sengiphetha, ukukhetha isiqophi se-fiber laser esifanele kuhilela ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kwezinto ezifana nezinhlobo, ukusebenza, ukuklama, ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe, amazinga okuphepha, nokuthobela imithetho. Ukuhlola lezi zici kuqinisekisa ukuthi umqophi okhethiwe uhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zebhizinisi futhi ulethe imiphumela engaguquki, yekhwalithi ephezulu. Ukutshala imali kumqophi wekhwalithi ephezulu, ohlala isikhathi eside onezici ezithuthukile namandla okuthuthukisa kuzohlinzeka ngezinzuzo zesikhathi eside futhi kuthuthukise ukukhiqiza kukonke.
