Abasunguli nabaqondisi be-Retail100 Consulting u-Anna Berry noSara Allbright bagcizelela ukhiye wokuthola imfashini okuphumelelayo emhlabeni wonke usekuhleleni okuphelele, ukuxhumana okucacile kanye nokuzimisela ukuzivumelanisa nezinselele eziyingqayizivele namathuba avezwa ubuhlobo obusha obusha.
Ezimakethe zomhlaba eziya ngokuba nzima, abathengisi bemfashini nemikhiqizo babhekene nenselelo yokulinganisa inzuzo nezinqubo zokuthola inzuzo.
Ngesikhathi sohlelo lwangoJulayi 2024 lwe-Source Fashion, u-Berry no-Allbright babelane ngemininingwane yabo yokuthi bangayithola kanjani imfashini ngempumelelo ezifundeni ezintsha futhi bathuthukise isu lokuthola elisebenza kahle uma kuziwa ekuzibophezeleni komphakathi nokuzinza.
Ukwakha "isu lokuthola inzuzo"
Isisekelo sesu eliyimpumelelo lokuthola usizo silele ekuqondeni izici ezinomthelela ekwenzeni inzuzo. U-Berry uchaze ukuthi kunokucatshangelwa okuningi, ikakhulukazi uma inkampani yemfashini ifuna ukwenza izinqumo zebhizinisi ezinokuziphatha nezisimeme.
Isinyathelo sokuqala uBerry athintile kuso amamajini ahlanganisiwe athe ahlanganisa amamajini aphezulu ngokuvamile azuzwa ngevolumu ephezulu, ugu olukude kanye namamajini aphansi ahlotshaniswa nokukhiqizwa okuncane, okufinyeleleka ngokushesha eduze nogu.
Ukushintshanisa izindleko phakathi kwezimboni kungenye inkambiso ebalulekile. Ukuze zithole amanani aqhathanisekayo, izinkampani kufanele zinikeze izifinyezo ezicacile, ezihlelekile kubahlinzeki abaningi, imininingwane ecacisiwe yomkhiqizo, amavolumu ama-oda, kanye nanoma yiziphi izidingo ezengeziwe ezifana nokupakishwa noma ukucwaninga.
Ukuthuthukisa ukugcwaliswa kweziqukathi kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ezindlekweni zokuthumela, uBerry axwayise ngokuthi zikhuphuka ngezinga elishaqisayo. Nakuba kungadingeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi ugcwalise isiqukathi sonke ngokwakho, ukuqonda ukuthi inani le-oda lakho lihambisana kanjani namandla esiqukathi kungaholela ekupakisheni nasekuthumeleni okuphumelelayo, okugcina kunciphisa izindleko.
Amanani okushintshanisa adlala indima ebalulekile ekwenzeni inzuzo yomhlaba wonke futhi uBerry uphakamisa ukuthi ngokuvamile kungcono kakhulu ukukhokha ngohlobo lwemali oluhwebayo lwesifunda osebenza naso, okuvamise ukuba amadola ase-US. Ukuba nokuqonda okuqinile kwezimakethe zemali kanye nokucabangela amasu okuvikela kungasiza ukuvikela inzuzo yakho ekuguquguqukeni kwezimakethe.
Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni inzuzo. Ukusebenzisa izinyathelo eziqinile zokulawula ikhwalithi, okuhlanganisa inqubo yokuvala isampula, ukuhlolwa kokukhiqiza, nokuhlolwa kokugcina ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa, kungavimbela izinkinga ezibizayo phansi komugqa. Njengoba uBerry agcizelela: “Uma ungabaza, ungathumeli ngomkhumbi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuphuthuma kangakanani.”
Wengeze ukuthi ukuxhumana okusebenzayo kuyisinyathelo sokugcina sokuba nobudlelwano obuphumelelayo bokuthola usizo.
UBerry uphinde weluleka izinkampani zemfashini ukuthi ziqinisekise ukuthi yonke imininingwane yedizayini, izindlela ezibucayi, noxhumana nabo balotshwa ngokunembile futhi bafinyeleleka kalula, ikakhulukazi lapho besebenza amabanga amade nezindawo zesikhathi ezihlukene.
I-Nearshore ngokumelene ne-farshore sourcing
Ngaphakathi kwesu lomhlaba wonke lokuthola usizo amabhizinisi avame ukubhekana nesinqumo phakathi kwe-nearshoring kanye ne-farshoring, izindlela ezimbili ezihlukene zokukhiqiza ukukhiqiza. Ukuthola izindawo eziseduze noma ukusondeza kuhilela ukusebenzisana namazwe angomakhelwane abanethalenta eningi okungenzeka babelane ngezinto eziningi ezifanayo nezakho. Amazwe aseduze avame ukusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izingubo anikeza izinzuzo ezifana nalezi:
- Izikhathi zokuhola ezimfushane
- Ukuxhumana okulula ngenxa yezindawo zesikhathi ezifanayo
- Izindleko zokuthumela eziphansi
- Ukulawula ikhwalithi okungenzeka kube lula.
I-Farshore sourcing noma i-offshore iyisenzo sokuqasha emazweni akude, isibonelo singabheka e-India noma e-China ukuze yenze izimpahla zakho naphezu kokuthi umthengi wakho wokugcina ezinze e-US futhi lokhu kunikeza izinzuzo ezifana nalezi:
- Ngokuvamile izindleko zokukhiqiza ziphansi
- Ukufinyelela kumakhono akhethekile noma izinsiza
- Angase abe namavolumu aphezulu
- Izikhathi zokuhola ezinde ngokugxila ekuthuthweni olwandle.
Okubalulekile wukuthola ibhalansi efanele. Njengoba ochwepheshe basikisela, indlela ehlanganisiwe ingavame ukuveza imiphumela engcono kakhulu, evumela kokubili ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko nokuguquguquka.
Amathiphu okusebenza nabakhiqizi ezifundeni ezintsha
U-Allbright wabelane ngamathiphu akhe abalulekile ezinkampanini zemfashini ezihlola izindawo ezintsha zokuthola imfashini:
Qonda ama-nuances wesifunda: Amazwe amaningi atholakalayo makhulu, futhi izinqubo zizohluka ngokwezindawo ngakho ungalokothi wenze ukucabangela ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwangaphambilini.
Amaholide kazwelonke noma ezenkolo: Enye yalezi zinto ezicashile ingaba ngamaholide kazwelonke noma esifunda angase agujwe futhi ngaleyo ndlela abe nomthelela ezikhathini zokukhiqiza.
Ukuhluka kwamasiko: Ngenxa yokuthi wena, ibhizinisi lakho, izwe noma isiko lakho liziphatha ngendlela ethile akusho ukuthi labo kwenye indawo bazokwenza okufanayo – hlonipha amasiko ahlukene futhi wazi futhi uqonde ukuthi ibhizinisi lakho elisha likaphathina lisebenza kanjani.
Izithiyo zolimi: Nakuba isiNgisi sikhulunywa kakhulu, ungalokothi ucabange ukuthi sizoqondwa emhlabeni wonke. Zilungiselele ukubhekana nokungaxhumani kahle okungenzeka.
Abathumeli bempahla: Ukuthola ukuthi uzothumela nobani imikhiqizo yakho kuwukucatshangelwa okubalulekile kanye nokuqonda abathumeli bezimpahla abahlukene ongazisebenzisa kanye nemigomo ehlukene ye-incoterms yezimpahla zokuthutha efanelekile yingxenye ebalulekile yocwaningo lwakho.
Hlala unolwazi ngezivumelwano zohwebo: Qaphela noma yiziphi izinguquko zezombusazwe ezisho ukuthi kungase kube namadili amasha namazwe amasha. Ochwepheshe bachaze ukuthi kunezinguquko ezithile okufanele zicatshangelwe ku-post-Brexit yase-UK ngokwesibonelo. Izivumelwano ezintsha kanye nokuvuselelwa kwezivumelwano zangaphambilini kuvame ukubambezela ngesikhathi sokhetho futhi njengoba amazwe amaningi ezovota kulo nyaka, uvumile ukuthi kunganciphisa izinto. Lokhu kuyasebenza futhi uma ubheke ukuthekelisa izimpahla emazweni ahlukene lapho uzodinga ukuqonda imithelela yazo yomsebenzi.
Ukuthobelana nezidingo zomthetho nezokulawula: Ungaphambani nomthetho - hlala uzinike isikhathi sokuqonda imithethonqubo ehlobene nezigaba ozikhethele zona kanye nendlela ekhiqizwa ngayo, lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu lapho usebenza nezingane kanye nemikhiqizo yezingane ngokwesibonelo.
Indlela ebucayi: Kuhlale kufanelekile ukuvumelana nokuphatha idokhumenti yendlela ebalulekile lapho uthola - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ibhalwe ngesandla noma isipredishithi esinemininingwane ukuze uhlole inqubekelaphambili futhi wenze izinsuku zokugcina.
Hlela uhambo: Kuhle ukuvakashela izindawo zakho zokukhiqiza futhi uhlangane nabaphakeli bakho. Kodwa-ke, qiniseka ukuthi uhambo lwakho luhlelwe kahle ukuze uthole okuningi kuzo futhi uyazi ukuthi yimaphi ama-visa okuvakasha okungenzeka ukuthi uwafakele isicelo ukuze wenze ibhizinisi emazweni afana ne-China ne-India.
Ukusimama: Ingabe uke wahlola noma wacabangela izici zokusimama ezinqumweni zakho zokukhiqiza, ingabe ifektri iqhutshwa kahle yenza ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu kwamandla okufana nokuba namaphaneli elanga ophahleni? Ingabe izinto zokusetshenziswa zitholwa ngendlela efanele futhi azithinti imvelo noma izilwane zasendle?
Ukucwaninga: Yikuphi ukucwaningwa kwamabhuku noma ukuhlolwa ongase ukudinge noma ukugunyaze enhlanganweni yakho? Qiniseka ukuthi ucacile mayelana nokuthi yini oyidingayo kusukela ekuqaleni kwenqubo njengoba kungase kube nomthelela wezindleko noma ukubambezeleka uma uphakamisa lokhu sekwephuzile ohlelweni lokukhiqiza.
Ama-ejenti: Uma ukuphatha zonke izici ezihlukene zokuthola ulwazi kusuka ekulawuleni ikhwalithi kuye ekuthuthweni kungakwazi ukusebenza ngenxa yesikhathi, insiza noma ulwazi kungaba kuhle ukusebenzisa i-ejenti ukukusiza. Ngephesenti lezindleko ze-oda noma izinkokhelo ezimisiwe, bazokuphatha konke lokhu futhi ngokuvamile babe sezweni lendabuko ukuze babhekisise izinto.
Ukususa engcupheni futhi kuhlukanise ukutholakala kwemfashini
Ukuze wakhe ukuqina kuqhinga lakho lokuthola umhlaba wonke, cabangela lezi zindlela:
Okokuqala nokubalulekile, ukuhlela ukuphuma kubalulekile. Njengoba u-Allbright esho ngokufanelekile: “Ingabe uke wacabanga ngokuphela komjikelezo wokuphila womkhiqizo noma okubi nakakhulu uma ungabonakali ukuthi ungumthengisi omuhle?” Ukuhlala njalo kunohlelo lwezimo eziphuthumayo kungasiza ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa okungase kube khona futhi kunikeze indlela ecacile eya phambili uma kuba nezinselele ezingalindelekile.
Ukuphathwa kwe-margin kungenye ingxenye ebalulekile yokususa ebungozini isu lakho lokuthola usizo. U-Allbright uyeluleka: “Uma ungakwazi ukumaka imikhiqizo yakho phakathi kuka-30% kuya ku-50% futhi usenayo imajini enenzuzo leyo kuyindlela enhle yokulawula ubungozi ekutholeni imikhiqizo yakho.” Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukuthi umkhawulo wakho wokuthenga ungasekela ukwehliswa okungaba khona, inikeze isivimbeli ngokumelene nokuguquguquka kwemakethe.
Lapho uxhumana nabahlinzeki, kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngezinqubomgomo zokukhansela kusenesikhathi. Ukuqonda imithelela yesitoko esivele sikhiqiziwe noma izinto zokusetshenziswa ezithengiwe kungasiza ukugwema izimanga ezibizayo phansi komugqa. Ukwengeza, ukwazi izinketho zakho zokuhlela kabusha izinto ezidumile, ikakhulukazi ngezinketho eziseduze nogu, kungakusiza wenze imali ngokuthengisa kakhulu ngokushesha nangempumelelo.
Ngokusho kwe-Allbright diversifying the supplier base isu elibalulekile lokusabalalisa ubungozi. Kunokuthembela kumthombo owodwa, amabhizinisi kufanele ahlose ukusebenza nabahlinzeki abaningi ezifundeni ezahlukene. Le ndlela yokuphatha ayinciphisi kuphela ukuncika kodwa futhi inikeza ezinye izindlela uma kwenzeka ukuphazamiseka ezindaweni ezithile.
U-Allbright ubenesifiso sokwengeza ukuthi ukutshala imali ebudlelwaneni besikhathi eside nabahlinzeki bempahla kungaletha izinzuzo ezibalulekile. Ubambiswano oluqinile luvame ukuholela ekuguquguqukeni okukhulu nasekusekeleni ngezikhathi eziyinselele, okungaba usizo kakhulu ekugcineni ibhizinisi liqhubeka.
Okokugcina, emabhizinisini antula ubuchwepheshe bangaphakathi, ukusebenza nama-ejenti ahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo kunganikeza ukwesekwa okubalulekile nokuphatha. Lezi zingcweti zingahlinzeka ngemininingwane yasendaweni, zizulazule ngamanuances amasiko, futhi zinikeze ukugada okwengeziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle.
Isu eliphumelelayo lokuthola umhlaba wonke lidinga indlela elinganisa ukucatshangelwa kwezindleko nezinqubo zokuziphatha kanye nokulawulwa kobungozi. Ngokusebenzisa lawa maqhinga futhi bahlale bevumelana nezimo zemakethe ezishintshayo, amabhrendi nabathengisi bangakha ubudlelwano bokuthola inzuzo obuqinile, obunenzuzo obuhlala isikhathi eside.
Umqondisi wezemfashini weSource, uSuzanne Ellingham utshele uJust Style ngesikhathi somcimbi uhulumeni omusha wase-UK ubeka engcupheni yokulimaza umkhakha wezemfashini wezwe uma weseka ukufakwa kuhlu kwengqalabutho yemfashini uShein esihwebeni sase-UK.
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