Unyaka ngamunye, cishe amabhokisi okuthutha angu-1,500 alahleka olwandle ngenxa yezingozi noma ezinye izinhlekelele. Isici esiyinhloko ekuqinisekiseni uhambo oluphephile ngokuvamile ukubikwa kwesisindo okunembile.
Kungakho imithetho ye-SOLAS (Ukuphepha Kokuphila Olwandle) idinga i-gross mass (VGM) eqinisekisiwe yokuthunyelwa ngaphambi kokulayisha umkhumbi.
Qhubeka ufunde ukuze uqonde incazelo ye-VGM ekuthumeleni nokuthi kungani ibalulekile.
Okuqukethwe
Isho ukuthini i-VGM emibhalweni yokuthumela?
Indlela yokubala I-Verified Gross Mass?
Imiphi imininingwane okufanele ifakwe imiyalelo ye-VGM?
Ubani ophethe ukuhanjiswa kwe-VGM?
Isho ukuthini inqubomgomo ye-No VGM, No Gate-in?
Kunini futhi kanjani ukubika I-Verified Gross Mass ekuthunyelweni?
Yimiphi imibuzo evamile abantu ababuye bayibuze?
Isho ukuthini i-VGM emibhalweni yokuthumela?
I-Gross Mass eqinisekisiwe isho isisindo esihlanganisiwe sesiqukathi sokuthutha, okuhlanganisa impahla yaso kanye nesiqukathi ngokwaso. Lolu lwazi ngokuvamile luyingxenye yemiyalelo yokuthumela. Uma kudingeka, ungahambisa i-VGM ngayinye usebenzisa i-Shiment Binder.
Kusukela mhla lu-1 kuNtulikazi wezi-2016, i-International Maritime Organization (IMO) yasebenzisa imithethonqubo yokukala isisindo eyethulwe yingqungquthela ye-SOLAS.
Ngaphandle uma umthumeli ehlinzeka nge-VGM yesiqukathi esipakishiwe kubathwali basolwandle kanye/noma abamele indawo yetheminali ngaphambi kosuku lokunqanyulwa kohlu lomthwalo, isiqukathi asikwazi ukulayishwa emkhunjini.
Lo mthethonqubo uthuthukisa ukuphepha kwasolwandle futhi unciphisa ubungozi empahleni, iziqukathi, kanye nawo wonke umuntu ohilelekile ekuthuthweni kwamabhokisi kulo lonke uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka.
Indlela yokubala I-Verified Gross Mass?
Ukubala kwe-VGM ngendlela 1
Ukuze unqume i-VGM, sebenzisa isikali esilinganisiwe, njenge-BISON Jack noma ibhuloho lokukala, ukuze ukale isiqukathi ngemva kokupakisha impahla.
Kungenjalo, ungakwazi ukukala wonke umthwalo kanye ne-prime mover kanye ne-trailer. Uma usazi isisindo esihlanganisiwe se-prime mover ne-trailer, kuyindlela ephumelelayo.
Ngakho, indlela ye-VGM ifomula eyodwa ingaba:
VGM=Isisindo esiphelele esivela ku-weighbridge−Isisindo se-prime mover−Isisindo se-trailer
Ukubala kwe-VGM ngendlela 2
Ngale ndlela, udinga ukukala zonke izinto ezithwala impahla, okuhlanganisa izinto zokupakisha, ama-pallets, okokuvikela impahla, kanye ne-dunnage ngayinye. Bese, engeza lezi zisindo kusisindo se-tare yesiqukathi esikhonjiswe epuleti le-CSC lesiqukathi.
Ifomula ithi:
VGM=Isisindo somthwalo (inetha)+Isisindo Sokuqhasha/Ukupakisha+Isisindo Se-Container Tare
Ngakho-ke, ukuze unqume ngokunembile isisindo sesitsha esigcwele usebenzisa indlela ye-VGM 2, udinga ukucabangela izici ezine:
- Isisindo sesitsha se-tare
- Isisindo somkhiqizo, ngaphandle kokupakishwa
- Isisindo sanoma yimaphi amaphakheji ayisisekelo
- Inqwaba yazo zonke ezinye izinto zokupakisha nezokuvikela
Sicela ukhumbule ukuthi indlela yesibili, edinga ukugunyazwa yiziphathimandla zendawo, ayizifanelekeli izinto eziyinqwaba.
Ukwengeza, izinto zokukala ezisetshenziswa kunoma iyiphi indlela kufanele zihambisane nemithetho yendawo kanye namazinga okuthola isitifiketi sokunemba nokulinganisa.
Ukulinganisa izisindo kwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele kuzo zombili izindlela.
Imiphi imininingwane okufanele ifakwe imiyalelo ye-VGM?
- VGM kanye neyunithi
- Isiginesha efundekayo
- Inombolo yesiqukathi
- Igama eligcwele leqembu elinomthwalo wemfanelo
- Indawo nosuku lokusayina
- Inombolo yokubhuka noma i-Bill of Lading
Ngaphansi kwezidingo ze-VGM, umthumeli/umthumeli kwamanye amazwe uyinhlangano yokunikeza isisindo esiqinisekisiwe. Kufanele baveze amagama abo aphelele emiyalweni ye-VGM bese beyithumela kweyabo khululaght isidluliseli, ozobe esesithumela esikhumulweni kusenesikhathi ukuze avumele ukulungiswa kwepulani lokupakisha umkhumbi.
Kodwa-ke, isisindo esiyisamba esiqinisekisiwe esinikezwe umthumeli singase singahlali sinembe ngokuphelele. Amanye amazwe asungule ukubekezelela kwe-VGM okungama-2-5% ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi isisindo se-tare yeziqukathi singashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ubani ophethe ukuhanjiswa kwe-VGM?
Ngokuvamile, umthumeli unikezwe umsebenzi wokunquma isitsha Esiqinisekisiwe I-Gross Mass futhi adlulisele lolu lwazi kumthwali kanye netheminali yechweba.
Isho ukuthini inqubomgomo ye-No VGM, No Gate-in?
Inqubomgomo ye-No VGM, No Gate-in ibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwemikhumbi. Kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuthi lo mthetho usungulwa futhi usetshenziswa itheminali, hhayi ulayini wokuthumela. Ngaphansi kwale nqubomgomo, isiqukathi esilayishiwe asikwazi ukuqhubeka ngesango ngaphandle uma kuhlinzekwe I-Verified Gross Mass.
Kunini futhi kanjani ukubika I-Verified Gross Mass ekuthunyelweni?
Njengoba kushiwo, isibopho sokubika i-VGM sikumthumeli. Ngokujwayelekile, umthumeli uzolungisa futhi apake impahla ngaphambi kokuyikala noma ukunquma isisindo sayo esebenzisa enye yezindlela ezichazwe ngaphambilini.
Ngokusho kwemithetho ye-SOLAS, umthumeli kufanele afake i-VGM embhalweni wokuthumela, njengengxenye yemiyalelo yokuthumela noma njengokuxhumana okuhlukile. Kufanele igcwaliswe ngaphambi kokulayisha umkhumbi (ungakapheli umnqamulajuqu we-VGM).
Isiphetho
Ukuthunyelwa kwemikhumbi bekulokhu kungaphansi kwemithetho yezokuphepha, okuhlanganisa nemfuneko yokumemezela isisindo esiphelele seziqukathi. Kodwa-ke, imithetho ye-VGM ithuthukise kakhulu ukuphepha, yengeza isendlalelo esengeziwe sokuphepha kuyo yonke inqubo.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuvunyelwa kweziqukathi nokuhamba kahle, kubalulekile ukuhlala uqaphile ngawo wonke amadokhumenti adingekayo.
Abantu babuza futhi:
Ingabe i-VGM izofakwa ku-bill of lading?
Cha, ngeke.
Ingabe zikhona izidingo ze-VGM zempahla eyinqwaba?
Cha, azikho.
Ubani ozoqinisekisa ukunemba kwedatha ye-VGM?
- Umthumeli wenza ukuziqinisekisa.
- Umnikazi womkhumbi akaqinisekisi ngokuzimela idatha ye-VGM.
- Iminyango yezasolwandle inegunya lokucubungula imininingwane.
Kwenzekani uma ngehluleka ukubika noma ukubika ngokungalungile i-VGM yokuthunyelwa kwami?
Ukuqinisekisa isisindo esinembile seziqukathi ezipakishiwe kubalulekile ukuze kuvinjwe ukulahlekelwa okungaba khona ngesikhathi sokugcinwa nokupakishwa.
Iziqukathi ezipakishwe ngaphandle kwesamba esikhulu esiqinisekisiwe zinganqatshelwa ukulayishwa emkhunjini, futhi abathumbi bangase babhekane nezinhlawulo ezingokomthetho nezijeziso. Ngokwemithetho ye-SOLAS, izwe ngalinye linesibopho sokuphoqelela izidingo ze-VGM. Isibonelo, i-Coast Guard izokwengamela ukusetshenziswa kwe-VGM e-United States.
Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma idatha ye-VGM ethunyelwe idinga ukushintshwa?
- Izichibiyelo zivunyelwe yinkampani yokuthumela ngaphambi komnqamulajuqu.
- Ngemva komnqamulajuqu, usengakwazi ukwenza izinguquko kodwa ungase ungene ezindlekweni ezibekwe inkampani yokuthumela imikhumbi.
- Ngokuvamile, awukwazi ukushintsha phakathi namahora angu-6 ngaphambi kokuma komkhumbi. (Ngokuqondile, lokhu kuthobela imithetho yenkampani yokuthumela.)
Uma idatha ye-VGM ingathunyelwanga, yiziphi izinketho ezikhona?
Eziqukathi zempahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ezingenalo ulwazi lwe-VGM, umthumeli angacela ukukala esikhumulweni semikhumbi lapho efika. Iziphathimandla zechweba zizobe sezikhipha umbiko we-VGM bese zikhokhisa okuhambisanayo. (Imithetho eqondile elawula umthumeli wempahla ngamunye kanye nechweba kufanele icaciswe kusengaphambili).
Umthombo ovela Ukunikezwa komoya
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